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Biomedical subjects

I McInnes

Publications and source records attributed to I McInnes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The hip or not.

Pathologies within the ileopsoas compartment can present as hip pain and as such can be mistaken for diseases of the hip joint. Radiological investigations are useful in helping to differentiate between these pathologies.

Abscess↗
PubMed1997

SCID mice reconstituted with IL-4-deficient lymphocytes, but not immunocompetent lymphocytes, are resistant to cutaneous leishmaniasis.

To characterize the roles of lymphoid- and non-lymphoid-derived IL-4 during cutaneous infection with Leishmania mexicana, the disease was monitored in SCID mice reconstituted with splenocytes from either immunocompetent BALB/c mice or IL-4-deficient BALB/c mice. Whereas following s.c. infection with L. mexicana no lesion growth was observed in BALB/c IL-4(-/-) mice and lesion growth was significantly inhibited in SCID mice, rapid initial lesion growth occurred in both SCID IL-4(+/+) and SCID IL-4(-/-) reconstituted mice. However, after 3 to 4 wk of infection, lesions in SCID IL-4(-/-) but not SCID IL-4(+/+) reconstituted mice began to heal. This paralleled a developing Th1-like phenotype and parasite clearance in the former group and a developing Th2-like phenotype in the latter group. Lesion sites from the healing SCID IL-4(-/-) mice expressed the inducible nitric oxide synthase, whereas the SCID IL-4(+/+) mice with progressive disease did not. These findings indicate that non-lymphocyte-derived IL-4 may play a role in initiating lesion growth following cutaneous infection with L. mexicana, but the presence of lymphocyte-derived IL-4 is essential for disease progression, and in its absence, lesions heal due to a developing Th1 phenotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Altered interleukin 12 and nitric oxide levels in recurrent miscarriage.

The causes of recurrent miscarriage are not fully understood. Recent studies have suggested that whilst a TH 2 type immune response may be associated with a healthy pregnancy, miscarriage may be associated with a TH 1 type response. Serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) and Interleukin 12 (IL 12) were measured in; healthy non-pregnant women; healthy pregnant women; women suffering spontaneous abortion; pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage; non-pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. Normal pregnancy was associated with a significant decrease in serum levels of nitrite (13.0 vs. 22.0 P < 0.0001). In women admitted with spontaneous abortion there was a significant increase in the levels of nitrite (16.0 vs. 13.0 P < 0.05), but no change in IL 12 compared to normal pregnant women. In pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage levels of nitrite (16.0 vs. 13.0 P < 0.05) and IL 12 (10.0 vs. 6.0 P < 0.0006) were significantly elevated compared to normal pregnancy. When these women were sampled prior to becoming pregnant the levels of NO were found to be significantly lower than those in the non-pregnant control group (13.1 vs. 22.0 P < 0.05) although levels of IL 12 were unchanged. No correlation was found between serum nitrite and IL 12 levels. This report further supports the idea that polarisation of the immune response during pregnancy may predispose to recurrent miscarriage.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1996

Is rheumatoid arthritis becoming a milder disease? Or are we starting second-line therapy in patients with milder disease?

The aim of the study was to see whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is becoming a milder disease. Information on the initial disease activity and patient function (modified Health Assessment Questionnaire-HAQ) was collected in all RA patients enrolled into studies of sulphasalazine since 1980 in two Glasgow teaching hospitals. Patients (352) were enrolled in trials in the decade 1980-1989, and were compared to 374 patients enrolled in 1990-1994. Patients recruited in the 1980s were significantly younger, but had a similar disease duration to the 1990s patients. The 1980s patients had more active disease as measured by erythrocyte sedimentation rate (61 vs 44, P < 0.0001) and C-reactive protein (40 vs 26, P < 0.0001), and significantly worse function (HAQ 2.3 vs 1.9, P < 0.001). The response to sulphasalazine was very similar in the two cohorts, in terms of the percentage of patients remaining on therapy for 6 months, and the percentage improvement in measures of disease activity. Patients with milder disease were enrolled into the more recent trials of sulphasalazine. This may be because RA is becoming a milder disease, but other possible explanations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Outcome of second line therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: To study the functional outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who tolerate second line drug therapy for five years. METHODS: We enrolled into prospective controlled trials, 190 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who tolerated 'disease modifying' antirheumatic drug therapy for five years. Demographic data were recorded. Disease activity was measured every six months for two years and annually thereafter, using clinical and laboratory variables. Patient function was measured using the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire. The change in each variable was analysed using paired Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: Patient function improved significantly compared with baseline. The improvement was maximal after one to two years, and thereafter function started to decline slowly. After five years of treatment the patients' function was still significantly better than before treatment had started. There were highly significant improvements in all variables measured to assess disease activity, which remained well controlled throughout the five year period. CONCLUSION: Good control of disease activity and improved function can be achieved long term in approximately 30% of RA patients treated with injectable gold, sulphasalazine or penicillamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of standard and rapid infusion methods of liver preservation during multi-organ procurement.

The standard and rapid infusion techniques of liver preservation during multi-organ procurement were compared in the porcine model of orthotopic liver transplantation. Group I (n = 48) had the standard method of procurement while group II (n = 34) underwent the rapid infusion method. Donor liver function was compared between the two methods using the criteria of survival, liver function tests and histology. No statistically significant difference was evident between the two groups. Because of logistical advantages, the rapid infusion method is recommended as the technique of choice during multi-organ procurement.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Morbidity and mortality after peritoneovenous shunt surgery for refractory ascites.

A prospective analysis of the morbidity and mortality after peritoneovenous shunting was carried out in 25 patients who had a total of 27 shunts for refractory ascites. Major complications were limited to the patients in whom ascites was secondary to hepatic rather than peritoneal disease. Immediate postoperative complications followed 17 out of the 23 shunts carried out in patients with liver disease and included septicaemia (two), profound hypotension (two), pulmonary oedema (one), and clinically evident disseminated intravascular coagulation (14). Long term morbidity was again limited to the patients with liver disease and included chronic shunt infection (two) and major venous thrombosis (two). Shunt associated mortality was only seen in the patients with liver disease. Despite late shunt blockage in five long term survivors with alcoholic liver disease fluid retention was easily controlled by simple medical means probably because of improved liver function associated with abstinence from alcohol. It is concluded that: (1) patients with hepatic and malignant ascites respond differently to the insertion of a peritoneovenous shunt; (2) Shunt patency should be monitored regularly in patients with liver disease and, because of the potential for septic and thrombotic complications, if blocked the shunt should be removed and; (3) because of the morbidity and mortality of peritoneovenous shunt surgery in patients with liver disease and refractory ascites, an alternative mode of therapy, such as repeated ultrafiltration and reinfusion of ascitic fluid, may be a more effective initial therapeutic approach especially in patients in whom there is a reversible element to their underlying liver disease.

Ascites↗