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Biomedical subjects

I McKinlay

Publications and source records attributed to I McKinlay.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Second dose of MMR vaccine: health professionals' level of confidence in the vaccine and attitudes towards the second dose.

Public concerns have been raised about the safety of MMR vaccine following the publication of two studies linking the vaccine to inflammatory bowel disease and to a syndrome of Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis and pervasive developmental disorder. Our study had two aims, to determine whether health professionals' confidence in MMR vaccine was affected and to assess professional knowledge and attitudes towards the second dose of MMR. In July 1998 we undertook a questionnaire survey of general practitioners, practice nurses and health visitors in an inner city area. A significant fall was found in professional confidence following the two publications and the subsequent media coverage (from 59.4% to 40.9%). Forty percent of respondents were unsure about the need for a second dose of MMR vaccine and more than one in ten professionals stated that it was not necessary. It is reasonable to assume that this reduced confidence in the safety of MMR and the professional uncertainty about the second dose have contributed to the observed decline in MMR uptake rates. More professional and public education appears to be needed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Ability and dependency in adolescents with severe learning disabilities.

In order to investigate the abilities and care needs of adolescents with severe learning disability, the authors conducted structured interviews with parents/carers of 42 males and 29 females aged 11 to 25 years and attending a school or adult training centres in Salford, Manchester. 56 per cent of the subjects could talk in sentences and 82 per cent could walk. The ability to walk and talk well was associated with better social behaviour. Mean onset of shaving and of menarche was earlier in subjects with than without Down syndrome. Five of the females and two of the males had been abused sexually, 24 per cent of the males and 59 per cent of the females were thought by their parents to have received sex education.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

The Education Act 1993: working with health services to implement the Code of Practice.

Whereas the 1981 Education Act led to emphasis on written statements of special educational needs for 2% of pupils, the 1993 Act seeks to recruit help for all children with such needs at earlier stages in the teaching process. Such help includes that available from the health services. The organization of health services has gone through considerable change since the 1993 Act was drafted so special efforts will be required to implement the intentions of the Act.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Dr Langdon Down.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1989

Intention to treat febrile convulsions with rectal diazepam, valproate or phenobarbitone.

One hundred and eighty-six consecutive children aged between six and 72 months admitted to the Manchester Children's Hospitals with a febrile convulsion in the first year of life, a complicated febrile convulsion, or more than one febrile convulsion within two years, were allocated randomly to one of three groups who were offered rectal diazepam in the event of a subsequent prolonged febrile convulsion, or prophylactic treatment with sodium valproate or phenobarbitone. Over-all risk of recurrence was 30 per cent and adequate prophylactic treatment did not lessen this risk. Side-effects in 24 per cent of the valproate group and 61 per cent of the phenobarbitone group did not justify the use of prophylactic treatment.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1989

Autism: the paediatric neurologist's tale.

Neurologists use the term 'autistic' to describe a quality of social behaviour and communication rather than 'autism' as a diagnosis. It has an organic basis and is commonly, and increasingly, found to be associated with specific medical diagnoses. Epilepsy is as common as in severely mentally handicapped children but whereas in the latter it is often evident in the early years it commonly emerges in adolescence in autistic children. There is a genetic component to autism and in the absence of a specific diagnosis an empirical recurrence risk of 1-2% is given. Fragile-X chromosome disorder is a relatively common explanation but the investigation is expensive and subject to restriction in spite of the enormous implications for affected families. The male preponderance and the neurological explanation for autism have not yet been explained.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1987

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression burst: Ohtahara syndrome.

Eleven infants with neonatal onset of intractable epilepsy are described, who showed the clinical and electroencephalographic features of Ohtahara syndrome. With time, transition to West and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes occurred. No cause could be found in eight cases. All nine survivors are severely mentally and physically handicapped and continue to have seizures. Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy represents the earliest of the age-dependent epileptic encephalopathies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Motor co-ordination of children with mild mental handicap.

Motor co-ordination testing using Gubbay's tests was carried out on 885 mainstream schoolchildren, broadly representative of national social class distribution, and on 482 children attending Greater Manchester schools for children with moderate learning difficulties. In spite of limited reliability of the tests considerable differences were demonstrated, suggesting that mildly mentally retarded children are also retarded in motor development. This has clear implications for educational planning whether such children are to be educated in special or mainstream schools in future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A study on carbamazepine levels, including estimation of 10-11 epoxy-carbamazepine and levels in free plasma and saliva.

Blood and saliva were collected from 48 children, aged three to 17 years, before a morning dose of carbamazepine and then at three, six and eight hours afterward. There was no significant difference in the ratio of 10-11 epoxy-carbamazepine to total carbamazepine for children on carbamazepine alone (0.18) and those on an additional anticonvulsant (0.19). 11 children were studied on their first day of therapy. Though four of them achieved levels of total carbamazepine which would have given a readily measurable 10-11 epoxide on the above ratio, 10 of the 11 consistently had levels less than 4 mumol/l. This may be of help in detecting non-compliance. For 16 children free carbamazepine also was estimated and there was an over-all correlation coefficient of 0.85 between saliva and free-drug levels. The proportion of free to total carbamazepine varied between 19 and 54 per cent. There was a significantly higher proportion of free drug at the pre-dose sampling time than at other times. Protein binding of carbamazepine therefore is very variable and saliva estimations can contribute usefully to the monitoring of drug levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Visual, kinaesthetic and cross-modal judgements of length by normal and clumsy children.

The ability of normal and clumsy children to match the length of lines within and between the modalities of vision and kinesthesis was studied. The clumsy children showed perceptual impairments, as indicated by their poor performance on the visual, kinaesthetic and cross-modal judgements of length and also by their low scores on spatial subtests of the WISC. Variations in motor skill correlated with performance on the visual perceptual measures, but not with performance on the kinaesthetic or cross-modal tasks. The idea that clumsiness may be caused by an impairment of visual perception is discussed, together with some alternative interpretations of this pattern of results.

Agnosia↗