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Biomedical subjects

I Miyai

Publications and source records attributed to I Miyai.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Electroglottographic studies in myasthenia gravis patients--swallowing in exacerbation and remission stage].

We quantitatively evaluated the electroglottographic changes in swallowing in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis during exacerbation and remission stages. Five patients with myasthenia gravis (Osserman's stage IIB, 55.3 +/- 3.1 years old) and 6 healthy control subjects (55.3 +/- 1.1 years old) were examined. The instrument delivered a 450 microA. 52 kHz carrier signal to a pair of surface electrodes on each side of the larynx at the level of the thyroid lamina. Tissue impedance across the neck was recorded via electroglottography (EGG) while swallowing 10 ml of water. Four trials were performed for each subject, and the EGG waveform was analyzed. The EGG waveform during the exacerbation stage exhibited a more significantly increased number of phases and longer duration than that during remission. In myasthenia gravis patients, the number of phases and the duration from exacerbation to remission was more significantly reduced than those in controls at an interval of 3 years (p < 0.001, p < 0.02). These findings suggest that changes in the number of phases and duration of the EGG waveform are objective and quantitative parameters for measuring therapeutic effectiveness in treating swallowing disturbance due to myasthenia gravis. EGG is a useful and noninvasive technique for evaluating swallowing change in myasthenia gravis patents.

Deglutition↗
PubMed1994

[Electroglottographic evaluation of swallowing in Parkinson's disease].

The feasibility of using electroglottography (EGG) to record and measure aspects of swallowing was tested in 31 patients with Parkinson's disease (72.8 +/- 4.8 years) and 10 control subjects (74.6 +/- 4.4 years). The patients were divided into three groups: those feeling dysphagia frequently (D(+), n = 9), those feeling dysphagia occasionally (D(+/-), n = 8), and those not feeling dysphagia (D(-), n = 14). The instrument delivered a 250 microA, 52 kHz carrier signal to a pair of surface electrodes on each side of the larynx at the level of the thyroid lamina. Tissue impedance across the neck was recorded via EGG while the swallowing of 10 ml of water. Four trials were performed for each subject. Based on the analysis of EGG waveform, latency, number of phases and duration were measured. In the EEGs of D(+) group, the reproducibility of waveforms was poor, while the waveforms of D(-) group and control group showed higher reproducibility. The waveforms of D(+) group had significantly longer latency and more phases than those of D(-) and control groups. In D(+), the duration was significantly longer than that of control group. These results suggest that the EGG is a quantitative and noninvasive technique for analysis of swallowing in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Postprandial hypotension in Parkinson's disease--the incidence and risk factor].

To clarify the incidence and risk factor of postprandial hypotension (PPH) in Parkinson's disease, a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out in 23 patients (Hoehn-Yahr score II in 2, III in 18 and IV in 3) without postprandial symptoms. We defined the patients whose systolic blood pressure fell more than 20 mmHg during the 75g OGTT as group I and less than 20 mmHg as group II. In 14 patients with Parkinson's disease (61%), the systolic blood pressure fell more than 20 mmHg without symptoms. There were no significant differences in in age, disease duration, clinical stage or antiparkinsonian drug between groups I and II. However, the baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in group I than in group II. In group I patients, the maximum decrease in systolic blood pressure was seen after more than 60 minutes and serum insulin response was higher than in group II patients from 60 to 120 min. Systolic blood pressure declined accompanied by the rise of insulin. These results suggest that PPH occurs at high incidence in patients with moderately severe Parkinson's disease, and that high baseline blood pressure and abnormally high insulin response to glucose load may play a role, while medications for Parkinson's disease may not.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of pontine hemorrhage showing hemiasomatognosia].

We reported a case of pontine hemorrhage showing hemiasomatognosia. A 74-year-old, right-handed man was admitted to our hospital complaining of numbness of left upper and lower extremities. Neurological examination revealed marked disturbance of superficial and deep sensation of left half of his body without hemiparesis and consciousness disturbance. Neuropsychologically, he had experience of having lost the perception of his left upper limb, which was referred to "conscious hemiasomatognosia" by Frederiks. Brain CT and MRI showed a pontine hematoma involving the right medial lemniscus, the right spinothalamic tract and the right medial longitudinal fasciculus. One week after the onset, hemiasomatognosia disappeared with improvement of sensory disturbance. These indicate that this form of hemiasomatognosia may be associated with transient blockage of somesthetic input.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Alteration of atrial natriuretic peptide in progressive muscular dystrophy with congestive heart failure].

We measured plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in 9 patients of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 3 patients of Becker muscular dystrophy with congestive heart failure (CHF). Administration of digitalis, catecholamine and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor resulted in decrease of ANP levels as well as improvement of clinical symptoms of CHF and cardiomegaly. Four DMD patients whose ANP levels were more than 200 pg/ml after the treatment of CHF showed poor prognosis. These results suggest that ANP is a useful marker for the treatment of CHF in progressive muscular dystrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Intra-abdominal visceral fat in myotonic dystrophy].

We first clarified the relationship between abdominal visceral fat accumulation and impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with myotonic dystrophy. Nineteen patients aged 44.2 +/- 11.4 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 20.5 +/- 2.8 kg/m2, and 18 controls aged 45.2 +/- 10.3 years, with a BMI 20.0 +/- 2.8 kg/m2 were examined. The distribution of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat was examined by CT scanning at the umbilical level. Visceral fat area was significantly greater in myotonic dystrophy than that in control (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with the levels of fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.65 p < 0.01), plasma glucose area under the curve of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.67 p < 0.01), fasting plasma insulin (r = 0.77 p < 0.001), serum total cholesterol (r = 0.71 p < 0.001) and serum triglyceride (r = 0.68 p < 0.01). From the present results, we speculate that excess visceral fat accumulation in myotonic dystrophy induces impaired glucose and lipid metabolism.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Alterations in neocortical expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNAs following unilateral lesions of the rat nucleus basalis magnocellularis.

We investigated the effect of a unilateral lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbm) on the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the rat cerebral cortex. Cortical nAChR concentration as determined by [3H]nicotine binding was unaffected by the nbm lesion. Expression levels of nAChR subunit mRNAs were measured using cDNA clones coding for the receptor subunits, alpha-3, alpha-4, and beta-2. At 1 week postlesion, expression levels of alpha-4, and beta-2 were increased by an average of 82% and 19%, respectively. On the other hand, expression levels of these mRNAs on the lesioned side 4 weeks after lesioning did not differ from those on the control side. Expression of alpha-3 was not altered by the nbm lesion. These results imply regulation of nAChR transcripts by cell to cell interactions. Co-increase of alpha-4 and beta-2 transcripts may provide supporting evidence for the occurrence of supersensitivity in deafferentated cholinergic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Familial cases of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.

We studied two familial cases of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy from the Kii Peninsula, an area of endemic adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) in Japan. Incidence of familial clustering of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy was about 20%. Type C retrovirus was isolated from cultured cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood lymphocytes in both cases. Modes of transmission seem to be similar to those described in ATLL, although there are no reports of both HTLV-I-associated myelopathy and ATLL occurring in the same family. We suggest three possibilities: (1) that the virus associated with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy is different from the virus causing ATLL, although they seem to be morphologically and immunologically similar; (2) that HTLV-I-associated myelopathy may be determined by the ATLL-causing virus plus a specific genetic background; and (3) some combination of factors 1 and 2.

Adolescent↗