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Biomedical subjects

I Morild

Publications and source records attributed to I Morild.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Transanal extirpation for early rectal cancer.

Transanal extirpation was performed in 38 patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum. In 17 patients (group I) the tumor extended into the submucosa only, and in 14 patients (group II) tumors extended into, but not through, the muscularis propria. There was a significant difference in local recurrence between groups I and II. None of the patients in group I and six of the patients (42.6 percent) in group II developed local recurrences (P = 0.02). The 5-year actuarial survival probability was 100 and 82.6 percent, respectively. Transanal extirpation is an alternative to transsphincteric and abdominoperineal resection in the treatment of early well or moderately well-differentiated cancer of the rectum. The surgical procedure is simple and has few complications; however, only tumors extending no deeper than the submucosa are suitable for this treatment. The operation should be followed by frequent sigmoidoscopies and rectal palpation. The procedure should be defined as an excisional biopsy until results from the histologic examination are presented.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Sudden death from asthma.

Deaths from asthma investigated by the Department of Forensic Medicine, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen during the period 1977-1986 were recorded. There were 11 cases with information in the police report of the use of pressurised bronchodilating aerosols prior to death. Seven of the victims were found with the aerosol in the hand or close by the body. Overdosage due to excessive inhalation were suspected in several of the victims. The possibility of side effects due to overuse is discussed. Other mechanisms of death are also discussed.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Seafaring bodies.

Cases involving two bodies that had drifted for at least 500 km on the high seas are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The fjord murders.

The method used to locate the bodies of victims of a double murder and retrieve them from the bottom of the sea at a depth of 340 m is reviewed.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed1988

Peripolar cells in the avian kidney.

Four white leghorn chickens were injected with furosemide (20 mg per kg body weight) three times at 12 h intervals and the kidneys fixed by perfusion after 36 h. Five chickens were injected with DOCA (desoxycortone trimethylacetate, 75 mg per kg body weight) three times at 12 day intervals and the kidneys fixed by perfusion after 36 days. Serial sections from the kidneys of these two groups of birds were made and the number of peripolar cells recorded. These recordings were compared with the number of peripolar cells in four normal, untreated chickens. A significant increase in the number of peripolar cells was recorded in the furosemide treated group. No significant change was seen in the DOCA treated group. However, in the DOCA-group heavily granulated podocytes were found. No distinct morphological difference was found between the granules in the podocytes and the granules in the peripolar cells. A possible lysosomal nature of the peripolar cell granules is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Fetal strangulation following uterine rupture.

A woman who was 30 weeks pregnant was sitting with a three-point seat belt fastened in the front passenger seat of an automobile that was involved in a head-on collision. On admission to hospital, the fetus was found in a breech position with the fetal head situated just beneath the mother's liver. Laparotomy had to be performed 4 h later and the fetus was found to have been completely expelled from the uterine cavity through a rupture in the fundus uteri. The findings in the fetus suggest that the head was expelled first, and that the fetus was then strangled by uterine contractions. The significance of using seat belts during pregnancy is discussed briefly.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

An explosive decompression accident.

Four divers in a compression chamber system were suddenly decompressed from 9 atm to 1 atm. One of the divers was about to close the door between the chamber system and the trunk when the accident happened. He was shot out through the door and severely mutilated. The three others died on the spot. The autopsy results are described. The most conspicuous finding was large amounts of fat in the large arteries and veins and in the cardiac chambers, as well as intravascular fat in the organs, especially the liver. This fat can hardly have been embolic, but must have "dropped out" of the blood in situ. It is suggested that the boiling of the blood denatured the lipoprotein complexes, rendering the lipids insoluble.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

Non-caseating granulomas in patients with hematologic malignancies. A report of three cases.

Sarcoidosis or sarcoid-like lesions occurred in three patients with hematologic malignancies. In one patient, an overlap syndrome sarcoidosis/polycythemia vera was the most probable diagnosis. In the other two cases, the granulomas were probably secondary to myelofibrosis and Waldenström's disease, respectively. Recent epidemiological studies have failed to show a causal relationship between sarcoidosis and malignancy. The co-existence of sarcoidosis and malignancy is probably fortuitous, but non-caseating granulomas may occur secondary to malignant diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Effect of volume depletion on the afferent arterioles in the avian kidney.

Nine white leghorn chickens were injected i.m. with furosemide (10 to 60 mg/kg body weight) twice daily for 18 days. The birds were then anesthetized with a combination of equithesin and diazepam and the kidneys perfused via the heart. Kidney tissue was sectioned serially and the granular epithelioid cells were counted in the juxtaglomerular apparatuses of the furosemide treated birds and in 3 normal chickens. Hyperplasia and hypergranulation of the epithelioid cells was found to occur in the juxtaglomerular apparatuses of both mammalian and reptilian type nephrons (with and without Henles loop) in the furosemide treated group. This finding was interpreted as an effect of hypovolaemia on the juxtaglomerular apparatuses. Furosemide caused an immediate stop in weight gain, an increase in the erythrocyte volume fraction and a sudden drop in blood pressure. The blood pressure later rose to subnormal levels. The heart rate was not altered. Plasma sodium and chloride fell significantly one day after furosemide administration and remained low throughout the experiment. Potassium fell during the second part of the experimental period. Captopril was injected after 18 days of furosemide treatment and lowered the blood pressure significantly. This was interpreted as indirect evidence for the presence of renin in the granular epithelioid cells and indicates the importance of the renin angiotensin system in maintaining the blood pressure in hypovolaemic conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Tumor characteristics in colorectal cancer and their relationship to treatment and prognosis.

Two hundred sixty one patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were studied with respect to histopathologic and macroscopic tumor characteristics. Nonmetastatic disease was associated significantly with well-differentiated tumors, tumors with pronounced inflammation, and polypoid adenocarcinomas. There was a higher proportion of poorly-differentiated tumors in the right colon. Inflammatory changes were uncommon in rectal lesions; these tumors were more often polypoid than in other locations. Survival was significantly influenced by tumor differentiation, degree of inflammation, macroscopic appearance, and tumor size. Well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, less than 2 cm in diameter, and well-differentiated polypoid adenocarcinomas, less than 4 cm in diameter, were all found in patients with Dukes' stage A tumors. Such patients may be candidates for local excision if the tumor is located in the distal part of the rectum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of various anesthetic regimens in the domestic fowl.

Three anesthetic agents (equithesin, metomidate, and ketamine) combined with diazepam were tested in the domestic fowl. Laparotomy and thoractomy were possible with the equithesin/diazepam combination, but only laparotomy was possible with the metomidate/diazepam combination. The combination of ketamine/diazepam did not result in the depth of anesthesia required for surgical procedures. Repeated blood pressure and heart rate measurements were recorded by use of a modified noninvasive Doppler technique. Equithesin/diazepam was our combination of choice for long-duration surgical anesthesia. The depth of anesthesia could be modulated by increasing the dose of diazepam. Metomidate/diazepam was useful when short-term anesthesia was required. In contrast to equithesin/diazepam, the metomidate/diazepam combination provided unstable anesthesia of varying depth and duration. Adverse reactions with metomidate indicated caution when using this drug in chickens; the drug also caused marked bradycardia. Ketamine/diazepam combination cannot be recommended as an anesthetic agent for use in chickens. The combination may be useful for minor surgical procedures or treatment, but not for experimental procedures that involve major surgery. Diazepam alone had a slight tranquilizing effect.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

Subependymoma and unexpected death.

A previously healthy 53-year-old man died suddenly and unexpected. The main finding at the post mortem examination was a large 4th ventricle subependymoma, a rare brain tumour related to the ventricles of the brain. The salient features of subependymoma are described with emphasis on the microscopic picture and distinction from subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, as the tumour harboured large, bizarre astrocytes. Coronary atherosclerosis and mild cardiac hypertrophy were present as the only pathologic changes outside the central nervous system. The cause of death is discussed in light of earlier reports on brain tumours and sudden fatal incidents.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1985

Structure of the avian kidney.

The kidneys from 6 domestic fowl were fixed in situ by perfusion from the left ventricle. In the bird there are two types of nephrons. One reptilian-type without Henle's loop and medullary tissue, and one mammalian-type with Henle's loop lying in medullary tissue. Serial sections from kidney tissue embedded in plexiglass or in paraffin were used to study the architecture of eight reconstructed reptilian-type nephrons from different cortical levels. All reconstructed nephrons had four major bends, but particularly in the subcapsular nephrons additional bends parallel to the kidney surface were found. There was no loop of Henle, but before entering the collecting duct the distal tubule usually had a very thin-walled segment. No proximal convoluted part was found in the reptilian-type nephrons. The length of the tubules varied between 3,000 microns and 6,000 microns. In the distal tubule a macula densa segment was found in all nephrons of the reptilian and mammalian type. The capillary network between the inter- and intralobular veins was composed of increasingly larger capillaries towards the intralobular vein. Segments of the distal tubule were indented into these capillaries and completely surrounded by them. In the nephrons of the mammalian type the proximal tubule was found to be convoluted as is usual for mammalian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Radiotherapy and resection for apparently inoperable rectal adenocarcinoma.

Sixty-seven patients with primary, apparently inoperable rectal adenocarcinomas were referred for radiotherapy from a defined geographic region in Norway during the period from 1976 to 1981. Fifty-five were without detectable metastasis at referral and were potentially resectable. Patients were given high energy radiation towards abdominal chimney or pelvic fields to a dose of 3150 rads. Resection was attempted after three weeks. Additional radiotherapy was given to both resected and nonresected patients to a NSD (nominal standard dose) of 1400 to 1560 ret (rad equivalent therapy). At full radiation dose, nonresected patients were reexamined, and in some explorative laparotomy with resection was attempted. Twenty patients had radical resections in the pelvis, but five of them had moderately advanced distant metastasis. Nine patients are disease-free at 12+ to 76+ months. Although the overall prognosis for the patients with apparently inoperable rectal adenocarcinomas remains poor (median survival 12 months), some patients can achieve long-term disease-free survival after combined radiotherapy and surgery. Patients with moderately advanced metastasis can enjoy a better of quality of life without local symptoms following the combined treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Metastasizing neuroectodermal tumour.

This report describes a medulloblastoma with extracranial metastases in a 24-year-old man. Postoperatively, 60Co irradiation was given and clinical recovery was good. Cervical lymph node metastases developed 2.5 years later. The patient received cytostatic treatment and a second course of radiation therapy with 60Co and lived for 6 years after the onset of symptoms, finally dying with signs of bronchopneumonia. The possible routes of spread are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Juxtaglomerular apparatus in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

The juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney of the domestic fowl was studied with the light and electron microscope after fixation by vascular perfusion. The height of the macula densa cells was greater and the internuclear distance less than were those of other distal tubule cells. Goormaghtigh (lacis) cells were found in the angle between the hilar arterioles and the glomerulus. The branching pattern of the basement membrane of the macula densa was extensive, surrounding both the Goormaghtigh cells and the mesangial cells. The basement membrane ended in the walls of both hilar arterioles and in the glomerular capillaries. Thus, all juxtaglomerular and glomerular structures were linked together by the branches of basement membrane. The afferent and efferent arterioles were often found ramifying in the mesangial cell mass. Granular epithelioid cells and adrenergic nerves were found within the glomerulus.

Animals↗