In this study, we sought to determine if human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) derived from chronically inflamed tissues can produce inflammatory cytokines in vivo. Human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with adult periodontitis was collected, and PMNs in GCF were examined after purified by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient method. Cytokines from peripheral blood (PB) cells stimulated with concanavalin A, LPS, or zymosan were also characterized, since GCF contains predominantly PMNs (> 95%) with a small number of lymphocytes or macrophages. Production of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), and IL-6 in GCF or culture supernatants of peripheral blood cells was determined by ELISA. Significant levels of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta secretion were found in GCF. PB cells in culture showed prominent cytokine production from monocytes/macrophages, followed by lymphocytes. Human peripheral blood PMNs (PB-PMNs) also produced low levels of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, but not TNF alpha and IL-6. These cells were also examined for cytokine mRNA expression using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Highly purified PMNs (> 99.5%) from GCF expressed mRNA for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF alpha, but not for IL-6. PB-PMNs in culture also showed mRNA expression for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF alpha in a time- and dose-dependent manner, especially after stimulation with zymosan. Therefore, we concluded that human PMNs from inflamed tissues can produce IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF alpha in vivo, but not IL-6.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Presence of respiratory syncytial virus genomic sequences in middle ear fluid and its relationship to expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules.

The presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and several cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in middle ear effusions and mucosal tissues was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. RSV genomic sequences were detected in 23 (52.7%) of 44 middle ear effusions tested. The sequences were detectable at an even higher rate (82.4%) in effusions of children in whom infectious virus was detected in the nasopharynx. All samples with the RSV genome contained the mRNA for interleukin-1 beta and -6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The messages for these cytokines, together with intercellular adhesion molecule-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, were detected in human middle ear mucosal organ cultures infected in vitro with RSV. Our results suggest that the enhanced synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in the middle ear infected with RSV may contribute to the inflammatory processes in otitis media.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Early expression of human J chain and mu chain gene in the fetal liver.

The expression of J chain and mu chain genes has been investigated during human fetal ontogeny by the polymerase chain reaction performed on liver sections. With this technique, we have been able to detect expression of J chain and mu chain in a single 6-10-microns-thick formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded section of fetal liver tissue. J chain expression reached a maximum at 16 weeks of gestation but was clearly detectable in the liver at the 6th week. Although not detectable at the 6th week, mu chain mRNA became readily detectable at 7 weeks of gestation. These results indicate that J chain expression precedes that of mu chain by at least one week. Therefore, our results imply that J chain is the first immunoglobulin-related polypeptide expressed during the embryogenesis and differentiation of B cells in the fetal liver.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Natural antibody against Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in sera of patients with carcinomas and infectious diseases.

The levels of natural antibody against Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen in sera of patients with various cancers and infectious diseases were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared with those of healthy donors. The levels of antibody against TF antigen in sera of patients with adenocarcinomas such as gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers were lower than those of patients with hepatoma, pyelonephritis and pneumonia. These findings may reflect the expression of TF-antigen in adenocarcinoma tissues.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1992

Increased expression of Epstein-Barr virus in primary biliary cirrhosis patients.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n = 26), formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissues (n = 11) and saliva (n = 15) of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients were used for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The semiquantitative analysis of EBV-DNA was also carried out in a reconstructive experiment using an EBV-infected cell line. The PBMCs of PBC patients showed increased levels of EBV-DNA (61%) in contrast to chronic active hepatitis patients (19%), liver cirrhosis patients (14%) and healthy individuals (11%). Furthermore, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissues, as well as saliva from PBC patients, also demonstrated increased levels of EBV-DNA when compared to healthy individuals and those with other liver diseases. The increased levels of EBV-DNA in the PBMC, liver tissue and saliva of the PBC patients suggest that those patients may have a depressed immune function against EBV infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

A case of eosinophilic granuloma arising in the mandible.

Eosinophilic granuloma is a disease of the reticuloendothelial system and its pathogenesis is not yet completely clear. The histopathological findings are granulomatous proliferation of histiocytes accompanied by diffuse infiltration of eosinophils. We recently experienced a case of eosinophilic granuloma arising monostotically in the body of the mandible in the 76 [symbol: see text] region. There has been no local recurrence 17 months after surgical removal of the lesion.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Natural antibody against Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in bovine milk.

The presence of natural antibody against Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen in fresh bovine milk was demonstrated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The amount of the antibody against TF antigen was decreased after heat treatment, and the antibody was not detectable by ELISA in the milk after pasteurization. A small amount of the antibody was detected in fetal bovine serum by ELISA, suggesting the transfer of passive immunity to the calf.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Histopathological reactions of calcium phosphate cement.

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) consisting of Ca4 (PO4)2O and CaHPO4 (2H2O) was recently developed. This study evaluated in vivo aspects of CPC and CPC mixtures compared to those of commercial hydroxyapatite (HP) and several endodontic materials: Grossman's cement (GC), calcium hydroxide-iodine paste (CHP) and gutta-percha plate (GP). Biocompatibility of subcutaneous implants in Donryu rats was evaluated after one month. Results showed very slight inflammatory reactions from CPC, CPC mixtures and HP. The materials were surrounded by thin fibrous connective tissues with a small number of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Severe inflammatory reactions were provoked by GC. Granulation tissues induced by CHP resembled those of pseudoxanthomatous granuloma. The GP material was encapsulated by relatively thick fibrous connective tissues with little inflammatory reactions.

Animals↗

PubMed1991