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Biomedical subjects

I Ndoye

Publications and source records attributed to I Ndoye.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Frequent use of menfegol spermicidal vaginal foaming tablets associated with a high incidence of genital lesions.

Menfegol is a spermicide with in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A randomized placebo-controlled safety study covered the use of menfegol foaming tablets for 14 days at increasing frequencies of insertion by 125 prostitutes in Dakar, Senegal. The frequencies of colposcopically diagnosed genital lesions were 5.0%, 11.8%, 27.8%, 49.7%, and 29.4% among menfegol recipients when tablets were used once every other day or 1, 2, 4, or 8 times a day, respectively (P < .05). Among placebo recipients, frequencies were 11.1% and 23.5% when tablets were used < 8 times daily and 8 times daily, respectively. There was no association between subjective genital symptoms and the incidence of colposcopically detected lesions. The high incidence of genital lesions when menfegol foaming tablets were used more than once daily suggests that their frequent use should not be recommended to prevent HIV transmission. In use at low frequency, the tablets' toxicity might be balanced by anti-HIV properties. Safety studies on vaginal microbicides should use objective methods, such as colposcopy, to assess the incidence of lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Root nodulation of Sesbania rostrata.

The tropical legume Sesbania rostrata can be nodulated by Azorhizobium caulinodans on both its stem and its root system. Here we investigate in detail the process of root nodulation and show that nodules develop exclusively at the base of secondary roots. Intercellular infection leads to the formation of infection pockets, which then give rise to infection threads. Concomitantly with infection, cortical cells of the secondary roots dedifferentiate, forming a meristem which has an "open-basket" configuration and which surrounds the initial infection site. Bacteria are released from the tips of infection threads into plant cells via "infection droplets," each containing several bacteria. Initially, nodule differentiation is comparable to that of indeterminate nodules, with the youngest meristematic cells being located at the periphery and the nitrogen-fixing cells being located at the nodule center. Because of the peculiar form of the meristem, Sesbania root nodules develop uniformly around a central axis. Nitrogen fixation is detected as early as 3 days following inoculation, while the nodule meristem is still active. Two weeks after inoculation, meristematic activity ceases, and nodules then show the typical histology of determinate nodules. Thus, root nodule organogenesis in S. rostrata appears to be intermediate between indeterminate and determinate types.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1993

Temporary expatriation is related to HIV-1 infection in rural Senegal.

OBJECTIVES: To assess temporary expatriation as a risk factor for HIV infection in a rural area of Senegal and to examine the transmission of HIV from expatriates to their families. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in identified expatriates and in a representative cluster sample of the general population from the same geographical area in northern Senegal. METHODS: In 1989, a survey (including questionnaire and serological tests for HIV-1 and HIV-2) was conducted in all expatriates currently living in 11 villages in northern Senegal and spouses of all expatriates (present or not) from this area ('expatriate' group, n = 258). In parallel, a cluster sample of 600 adults was drawn from eight villages of the same area, of whom 414 were selected as the control group since they and their spouses had not travelled outside Senegal in the last 10 years. RESULTS: In the 'expatriate' group, sera from 39 subjects were confirmed as HIV-positive by Western blot [17 out of 63 men (27.0%) and 22 out of 195 women (11.3%)]. Of these subjects, 33 were infected by HIV-1, four by HIV-2 and two had a dual HIV-1/2 profile. In contrast, only two subjects (one man and one woman) from the control group were infected by HIV-2 and none by HIV-1. In men, HIV-1 seroprevalence was associated with age < 40 years [odds ratio (OR), 7.4; P = 0.03] and previous sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms (OR, 13.5; P = 0.03), whereas the risk factors in women were age < 25 years (OR, 3.7; P = 0.04), being a widow (OR, 30.4; P < 0.01) and presence of sexual activity over the last 2 years (OR, 21.3; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Penetration of HIV-1 infection in a country where HIV-2 is endemic shows that the HIV-1 epidemic is currently spreading to rural West Africa. Migrant workers appear to play a major role in this epidemic.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy of two enzyme immunoassays and cell culture in the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in low and high risk populations in Senegal.

Two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), Chlamydiazyme (CZ; Abbott Laboratories) and Pathfinder (PF; Kallestadt), were compared with a cell culture technique in the detection of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 670 women in urban settings in Senegal (377 pregnant women and 293 prostitutes). Positive CZ and positive PF specimens were tested a second time using a monoclonal antibody blocking technique. True positive specimens were defined as those positive on culture or positive on EIA with confirmation of the result after blocking. Using this definition, the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection was 14.6% and 14.3% in pregnant women and prostitutes respectively. An important difference between the two populations was that the pregnant women were younger than the prostitutes, which might explain the fact that the prevalence of infection among the pregnant women was as high as that among the prostitutes, although the age-adjusted prevalence was higher among prostitutes than among pregnant women. The chlamydial detection rates of cell culture, CZ and PF were 62% (26/42), 69% (29/42) and 86% (36/42) respectively in prostitutes and 76% (42/55), 40% (22/55) and 53% (29/55) respectively in pregnant women. Agreement between the tests was 89%, 85% and 88% for culture/CZ, culture/PF and CZ/PF respectively. However, when data were adjusted for chance agreement, kappa coefficients were 0.40 for culture/CZ, 0.34 for culture/PF and 0.48 for CZ/PF. These results indicate that the accuracy of the EIAs and cell culture may vary greatly in different populations: both EIAs showed a distinctly higher detection rate than culture in prostitutes and a significantly lower detection rate in pregnant women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[AIDS in Senegal].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the rapid plasma reagin "teardrop" card test for screening of syphilis in field conditions.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The availability of simple diagnostic methods may contribute to more efficient control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in developing countries. For the detection of syphilis, a simple rapid plasma reagin (RPR) "teardrop" assay for finger-prick blood samples was developed in 1962. The reliability of this test is compared with RPR, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA), and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs) assays performed on venous blood samples. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To evaluate the potential usefulness of the finger-stick RPR teardrop assay for diagnosis of syphilis in settings with poor medical resources. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant women evaluated at two health centers in Pikine, Senegal were tested for STDs. The RPR teardrop assay was performed on plasma from blood samples obtained by finger prick, and standard RPR, TPHA, and FTA-Abs procedures were performed on serum obtained by vein puncture. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the finger-prick RPR teardrop assay were 69.7% and 96.5%, respectively, and its reactivity was correlated with RPR serum antibody titer. CONCLUSION: The finger-prick RPR teardrop assay is not a reliable alternative to the classic serum RPR test.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of STDs and cost of treatment in primary health care centres in Pikine, Senegal.

We studied the current management of STD-related syndromes by urban health facilities in Pikine (Senegal) in 252 consecutive patients presenting with STD-related complaints, to assess the cost and effectiveness of services and to estimate the potential benefit by introducing management protocols. Most common presenting complaints for women were vaginal discharge and low abdominal pain, reported for 122 (82.9%) and 22 (15.0%) of 147 female patients. Urethral discharge and genital ulceration were reported for 80 (76.2%) and for 17 (16.2%) of 105 male patients. The average cost was 4.01 ECU (1 European Currency Unit = 1.2 US$ = 334 Franc CFA) for male patients (ranging from 0.57 to 25.70 ECU) and 12.75 ECU for female patients (ranging from 0.57 to 37.60 ECU). Only 20 of 80 patients with urethral discharge (25%) received effective treatment. Effectiveness was not related to cost of therapy or qualification of staff. Utilization of management protocols improves the quality and accessibility of care for STD, by potentially doubling effectiveness and reducing the costs for patients to 12% of the current level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid sexually transmitted disease assessment in two developing countries.

Two rapid assessment studies of the magnitude of sexually transmitted disease (STD) were performed in Senegal and Uganda in 1989 and 1990. The study objectives were: to develop and validate STD indicators for the "rapid" assessment of the frequency of STD in populations; and to develop a standardized survey methodology to assess STD prevalence using these indicators. The World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), and Senegal and Ugandan government officials desired a product similar to the WHO/UNICEF immunization coverage survey instrument, which is an accepted and proven methodology, implemented by national programs and donors worldwide. Three indicators were used: 1) past or present signs of selected STD; 2) symptoms as noted by a clinician; and 3) simple laboratory tests performed and results obtained at examination. Each indicator was validated against a confirmatory laboratory test considered the gold standard in indicating the presence or absence of an STD. Male military members, women seeking prenatal care, and female prostitutes were the three population groups chosen. With the exception of the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test for syphilis, symptoms, signs, and simple laboratory tests failed to accurately predict STD in individuals in all three of these population groups. Indicators for the major STD other than syphilis among populations not seeking STD care will have to be the "gold standard laboratory tests" until easy-to-perform and low-cost alternatives are found.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗