Natural killer-like T cell lymphoma in a cat.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
I Nomura
Publications and source records attributed to I Nomura.
[Liposarcoma of the pleural cavity; report of a case].
A 43-year-old-woman who had sever anterior chest pain visited our hospital on April 3, 2000. A well-defined abnormal shadow was seen in the middle and lower field of the right lung on chest X-ray. Computed tomography showed a large fat density mass in the right pleural cavity with a septum enhanced by contrast medium. Percutaneous needle biopsy revealed lipoma or liposarcoma. Complete resection could be done with combined resection of right lung, lpericardium, parietal pleura and diaphragm. Final histologic diagnosis was well differentiated liposarcoma. There are few reports of liposarcoma arising in the thoracic cavity, we present our case and review the 23 cases reported from the Japanese literatures.
Adult↗
Observation of toroidal flow antiparallel to the drift direction in the hot electron mode plasmas in the compact helical system.
A toroidal flow antiparallel to the drift direction is observed in the hot electron mode plasmas when a large positive electric field and a sharp electron temperature gradient are sustained inside the internal transport barrier in the Compact Helical System. This toroidal flow reaches up to 5x10(4) m/s at the plasma center, and it is large enough to reverse the toroidal flow driven by a tangentially injected neutral beam. These observations clearly show the plasma favors flow in the minimum nablaB direction at the transport barrier.
Journal Article↗
Human mast cell progenitors in peripheral blood from atopic subjects with high IgE levels.
BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether the number of circulating mast cell progenitors is increased in patients with atopic diseases. Distinct genotypes are reported to affect mast cell/basophil activation. OBJECTIVE: We compared the number and function of mast cell progenitors present in the peripheral blood from donors with normal IgE (IgE < 400 U/mL) and those with atopic dermatitis accompanied by high serum IgE (IgE > 5000 U/mL). METHODS: Purified peripheral blood cells were cultured in serum-free methylcellulose containing stem cell factor (SCF), IL-6 plus IL-3. Fresh methylcellulose containing the cytokines was layered over every 2 weeks. The cultured mast cells were retrieved from the methylcellulose and were functionally analysed. RESULTS: Mast cell colonies were distinguished at 6 weeks of culture as other colony types had been degenerated. The number of mast cell colony-forming cells varied depending on donors and was not significantly increased in peripheral blood from the hyper-IgE atopic patients. A significant inversed correlation was found between the number of mast cells per one colony and the ages of donors. The cultured mast cells derived from atopic patients and those from normal IgE donors equally expressed Fc epsilon RI and released histamine through Fc epsilon RI, although IL-4 priming in vitro markedly enhanced the function of mast cells regardless of donors. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the number of circulating mast cell progenitors may be regulated by unknown individual factors unrelated to IgE levels. Mast cell function may be regulated largely by environmental factors, such as IL-4, but not determined by their progenitors' genotypes.
Adolescent↗
Prophylactic administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor when monocytopenia appears lessens neutropenia caused by chemotherapy for lung cancer.
In a retrospective study, we showed that a monocyte count of <150/microl on days 6 to 8 might be a predictor of grade III or IV neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy given at 3- or 4-week intervals. In the present study, we investigated whether the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) when monocytopenia appears lessens neutropenia during chemotherapy for lung cancer. Between June 1997 and August 1998, 60 patients who received chemotherapy at 3- or 4-week intervals for unresectable lung cancer were randomized to receive G-CSF (2 microg/kg or 50 microg/m2) when monocytopenia (<150/microl) appeared on days 6 to 8 after chemotherapy (group A) or when neutropenia (<1,000/microl) or leukopenia (<2,000/ microl) appeared after chemotherapy (group B). The administration of G-CSF was stopped when the leukocyte or neutrophil counts reached > 10,000/microl or 5,000/microl, respectively. The blood cells counts were examined three times a week and the degree, duration, and frequency of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia of the two groups were compared. One patient in group A was excluded because whole brain irradiation during chemotherapy was required. Twenty-nine and 30 patients in groups A and B, respectively, received platinum-based chemotherapy and their chemotherapy-induced hematologic toxicities were analyzed. The mean neutrophil count nadir of group A (1,558 +/- 1,771/microl) was significantly higher than that of group B (810 +/- 639/microl, p = 0.032). The duration of grade III neutropenia in group A (1.4 +/- 1.7 days) was significantly shorter than that in group B (2.9 +/- 1.9 days, p = 0.004), and the frequency of grade III neutropenia in group A (48%) was significantly lower than that in group B (83%, p = 0.002). Infectious episodes occurred in five and eight patients in groups A and B, respectively. The durations of G-CSF therapy required by group A and B patients (4.8 +/- 3.1 vs. 4.7 +/- 2.7 days) were not significantly different. Prophylactic administration of G-CSF did not exacerbate anemia or thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy. We conclude that the prophylactic administration of G-CSF when monocytopenia appears can lessen neutropenia caused by chemotherapy for lung cancer without increasing the total G-CSF dose.
Adult↗
Reduction of tablet coloration at tableting for oily medicine (tocopheryl nicotinate).
The powder (TN-PO) which adsorbed D,L-tocopheryl nicotinate (TN) as an oily medicine was prepared using porous calcium silicate (Florite(R)RE, FLR) as an adsorbing carrier. Tablets (TN-TAB) were produced by compression of TN-PO at different compression pressures. As TN-PO was compressed at the higher TN content in TN-PO and compression pressure, the more TN was exuded from TN-PO, and an increase in the degree of tablet coloration was observed. Therefore, FLR or colloidal silica (AEROSIL(R)200, AER) was newly added to TN-PO at compression to reduce the degree of tablet coloration. Further, the effects of addition of FLR or AER on the crushing strength, friability, porosity and disintegration property of the tablet and the dissolution property of TN from the tablet were studied. After addition of FLR or AER, a similar reduction of tablet coloration was observed. When the addition percentage of FLR to TN-PO exceeded 30%, the crushing strength of the tablet increased significantly. On the other hand, when TN-PO added with AER was compressed, no change was observed in the crushing strength of the tablet. The disintegration time of the tablet with added FLR was shorter than that of the tablet with added AER. At every addition percentage studied, the tablet with added FLR showed a higher releasing ability of TN compared with the tablet with added AER. These results indicate that it is possible to reduce tablet coloration by adding FLR or AER at compression of TN-PO. Further, it is considered that the differences in the crushing strength, disintegration property and dissolution property of TN between the tablets with added FLR or AER resulted in different liquid adsorbing and holding mechanisms of FLR particles and AER particles.
Antihypertensive Agents↗
Evaluation of the staphylococcal exotoxins and their specific IgE in childhood atopic dermatitis.
BACKGROUND: Superantigenic exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and their specific IgE antibodies are thought to be important precipitating factors of atopic dermatitis (AD), but there are few reports evaluating these 2 factors at the same time. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether the presence of the exotoxins sampled from the skin of patients with AD and the levels of anti-exotoxin IgE antibodies in their sera correlated with their severity of AD. METHODS: Patients with mild-to-severe AD, 1 to 22 years of age, were evaluated by using Leicester's scoring system. Specific IgE antibodies against these exotoxins were determined by using ELISA. S aureus was isolated from 3 different areas of the skin. We examined whether the exotoxin (staphylococcal enterotoxin [SE]A, SEB, SEC, SED, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1) could be detected. RESULTS: The levels of SEB-specific IgE were correlated with the severity of AD. Five of 6 patients having very high SEB-specific IgE antibody titers were under 6 years of age, and SEB was most frequently isolated (41%). There was no difference in severity between patients with or without exotoxin-producing S aureus. The severity of 9 patients who had both exotoxin-producing S aureus on the skin and specific IgE antibody against the same exotoxin in sera was significantly higher than that of the other patients. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-SEB IgE titers correlate well with the severity of AD. The presence of exotoxin-producing S aureus may precipitate AD through its specific IgE antibody.
Adolescent↗
Early monocytopenia after chemotherapy as a risk factor for neutropenia.
Neutropenia is a major adverse effect of cancer chemotherapy and sometimes causes life-threatening events. The present study was therefore conducted to identify risk factors for such neutropenia. Forty patients who had received chemotherapy at 3- or 4-week intervals for advanced lung cancer from May 1991 through February 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-seven of the patients had received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The mean neutrophil count on days 6 to 8 in 32 patients who developed grade 3 or 4 neutropenia during chemotherapy was not significantly different from that in eight patients who developed grade 1 or 2 neutropenia during chemotherapy. However, the mean leukocyte and monocyte counts on days 6 to 8 in the 32 patients with grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (5,181 +/- 1,830/microl and 87 +/- 84/microl, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the eight patients with grade 1 or 2 neutropenia (7175 +/- 1671/microl and 248 +/- 127/microl, respectively; p = 0.008 and p = 0.0001). Moreover, all 30 patients with a monocyte count of less than 150/microl on days 6 to 8 had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and 8 of 10 patients with a monocyte count of 150/microl or higher on days 6 to 8 had grade 1 or 2 neutropenia, despite the absence of a correlation between the leukocyte count on days 6 to 8 and the neutrophil nadir. We conclude that a monocyte count of less than 150/microl on days 6 to 8 may be a predictor of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy at 3- or 4-week intervals (sensitivity 94%, specificity 100%).
Adult↗
Detection of K-ras mutations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells aids the diagnosis of lung cancer in small pulmonary lesions.
An increased prevalence of K-ras oncogene mutation in lung adenocarcinoma has been shown by PCR-primer-introduced restriction with enrichment for mutation alleles (PCR-PIREMA) experiments. In the present study we investigated whether this method is useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer in small pulmonary lesions, which are difficult to diagnose cytologically as lung cancer by bronchoscopic examination. We examined bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells from 33 patients with single nodular pulmonary lesions of less than 2 cm in diameter (measured on chest computed tomography scans) for K-ras (codon 12) mutation, by PCR-PIREMA. Transbronchial fiberscopic examinations had not revealed lung cancer cytologically in any of the patients. The final diagnoses for the 33 lesions were 20 adenocarcinomas, 5 cases of focal fibrosis, 5 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of tuberculosis, 1 hamartoma, and 1 case of lymph node swelling. BALF cell lysates were amplified and digested with a restriction enzyme to detect the K-ras oncogene. Only the normal K-ras was observed after the first amplification and digestion for each of the 33 patients. Three amplifications and digestions were performed for each sample. We detected mutation of K-ras in BALF cells from 15 (75%) of 20 lung cancer patients and in cells from only 4 (31%) of 13 patients with nonmalignant lesions. The detection rate of the K-ras mutation in lung cancer was significantly greater than that in nonmalignant lesions (P = 0.012). Our results indicate that the detection of the codon 12 K-ras mutation in BALF cells by PCR-PIREMA aids the diagnosis of lung cancer in patients with small pulmonary lesions with negative cytological findings.
Aged↗
[Pulmonary function after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].
This study was undertaken to identify the factors influencing pulmonary function in patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Pulmonary function tests were evaluated before and after HCT in 51 adult patients who underwent HCT between 1993 and 1998. The patients with hematologic malignancies were given total body irradiation. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine A and short-term methotrexate. Six patients suffered from acute GVHD above grade II and 27 patients suffered from chronic GVHD. The post-transplant % diffusing capacity (%DLco) 100 days after HCT was significantly lower than pretransplant values (82 +/- 21% versus 71 +/- 15%, p < 0.01). The %DLco at 100 days was significantly lower in patients with chronic GVHD than in patients without chronic GVHD (66 +/- 16% versus 77 +/- 9%, p < 0.05). These findings suggested chronic GVHD is related to the decreased %DLco values observed 100 days after HCT.
Adolescent↗
[CT-guided localization for thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection].
Recently the identification of small-sized peripheral lung lesions has rapidly increased due to advancements in roentgenology. But for smaller lesions, definitive diagnoses by means of transbronchial or percutaneous biopsy have become more difficult. So we must resort to thoractomic or thoracoscopic biopsy. However, for thoracoscopic surgery palpation is inadequate, so the identification of deep or small lesions is difficult. Thoracotomy seems to be too invasive when used only for examination and not for therapy. Therefore, we tried CT-guided localization for thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection. Thus far we have performed CT-guided localization in 24 cases. Immediately prior to thoracoscopic surgery we placed marking devices in or beside the lesions after percutaneous puncture. As marking devices we used Kopans spring hook wire or a Naruke point marker. Pathological diagnoses of these lesions indicated 13 primary lung cancers (11 adenocarcinomas, 1 carcinoid, 1 squamous cell carcinoma), 4 focal fibroses, 2 metastases of renal cell carcinoma, 1 hamartoma, 1 tuberculoma, 1 cryptococcosis, 1 interstitial pneumonia, and 1 subpleural lymph node. The tumor diameters at their greatest dimension ranged from 3 to 33 mm (9.0 +/- 6.6 mm). The distance from the viceral pleura to the tumor surface ranged from 0 to 24 mm (10.9 +/- 6.7 mm). In one case pneumothorax occurred due to the shallow position of the tumor and the loss of the marking device. If these problems (pneumothorax, bleeding, loss of marking devices and others) are prevented, CT-guided localization should be performed as soon as possible before surgery. The identification of small peripheral lesions can almost be determined by CT now, so such identification may be the most reliable technique to employ during surgery.
Endoscopy↗
[CT-image analysis of resected peripheral adenocarcinomas of the lung less than 1 cm in diameter].
Conventional CT (10-mm thick) and helical thin-section CT (2-mm thick) high-resolution images were obtained to study the relationship between the appearance of small peripheral adenocarcinomas of the lung and pathological findings. Eleven cases in which adenocarcinomas less than 1.0 cm in diameter were resected were retrospectively reviewed. Conventional CT images revealed air spaces within pulmonary nodules in 82% of tumors, an ill-defined margin in 91%, and involvement of vessels in 91%. When these findings are observed in pulmonary nodules, thin-section CT should be used for further examination. Helical thin-section CT images showed inhomogeneous internal attenuation (91%), irregularly undulating margins (91%), and vascular involvement (100%).
Adenocarcinoma↗
12C( gamma,p0+1)11B cross section from 44 to 98 MeV.
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Journal Article↗
[A clinico-encephalographic study of epileptic children using proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes].
We reported results of a clinico-encephalographic study using proposal for classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989 ILAE). Fifty-three patients belonged to localization-related epilepsies (LE) and syndromes; forty-one patients belonged to generalized epilepsies and syndromes (GE); one patient belonged to epilepsies and syndromes undetermined, focal or generalized; and we could not classify 4 patients. No patients with the onset after 2 years of age belonged to idiopathic LE and no patients with the onset after 10 years of age belonged to symptomatic LE and GE. The rate of patients who had a past history of febrile convulsions was 38% in idiopathic LE and 35% in idiopathic GE. The rate of patients whose epileptic seizures were well controlled by medication was 83%. It was almost 100% in idiopathic LE, cryptogenic LE and idiopathic GE, but it was 60-70% in the other three groups. In seventeen patients their seizures were difficult to control. Six cases in this group had had frontal focus at least once. Although the patients who had had frontal foci at least once were 17 cases seizures could not be controlled in 6 of them. International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes is convenient to clinicians, but some problems exist. One is unclearness of a definition differentiating cryptogenic from symptomatic LE. The other is the classification of patients with generalized seizures and interictal focal cortical epileptiform EEG activities. An agreement is necessary for these problems.
Age Factors↗
[Three-dimensional computed tomography for the evaluation of peripheral small lung cancers].
To facilitate the accurate diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancers (less than 30 mm in diameter), we evaluated the use of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Conventional CT images (10 mm thick), thin-slice CT images (2 mm thick) and 3-D-CT images were prospectively studied in 29 patients with peripheral lung cancer (23 adenocarcinoma, 3 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 large cell carcinoma, 1 adeno-squamous cell carcinoma, 1 small cell carcinoma) who underwent thoracotomy. Patients were 20 males and nine females with a median age of 65 (range 38-75) years. Conventional CT and thin-slice CT images were examined with an extended scale (window level: -600, window width: 1900) using high resolution images. 3D-CT images were made using TCT-900S (Toshiba, Tokyo) software. In resected cases, surgical specimens were sliced transversely to correlate with the CT images. Comparison of diagnoses based on CT findings and on pathological findings showed that 3D-CT was 96% accurate for detecting involved vessels, while conventional CT was 47% and thin-slice CT was 87% accurate. Thus 3D-CT was superior to conventional CT for detecting involved vessel (p < 0.01). 3D-CT images also showed specific features of the lesions, including the appearance of the margin and pleural indentations, as seen in thin-slice CT images. These results suggest that 3D-CT images may have an important role in diagnosing small peripheral lung cancers by demonstrating involved vessels and the morphology of the lesions.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Clinical features of resected patients with lung cancers revealed by computed tomography].
Seven cases of peripheral lung cancers revealed only by computed tomography (CT) were examined in order to study the clinical features and the roentgeno-pathological correlation. There were four male and three female cases with a median age of 68 (range 32-79) years. Conventional X-ray films were negative, but the primary tumors were found by CT. The reasons why the primary tumors were overlooked on conventional X-ray films were that two cases had lesions situated in the para-mediastinal area and five cases had vague lesions. CT findings were classified into two groups; infiltrative type with obscure margin and solid type with clear margin. Histologically, the former were revealed to be well differentiated adenocarcinoma and the latter included poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Pathological evaluation showed stage I in six of the seven cases. Our study cannot prove whether CT screening will prevent any number of participants from deaths due to lung cancer. However, it is suggested that CT may be superior for early detection of lung cancer as opposed to conventional X-ray. In the future, a more applicable CT system will be required for early detection of lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Influence of low dissolved oxygen concentration in body fluid on corrosion fatigue behaviors of implant metals.
In their previous study, the authors carried out a fatigue test for AISI 316, 316L stainless steels and COP1 alloy in a living animal body and observed a remarkable deterioration in the fatigue durability of these metals. In that study, it was concluded that the reason the corrosion resistance of the metals was reduced in the living body was that the low concentration of dissolved oxygen gas in the body fluid (the partial pressure pO2; 28-78 mmHg) was insufficient to form the chromium oxide passivation film on the metal surface, and the base metal (iron) was released into the environmental fluid in ionic form. In this paper, with the concentration of dissolved oxygen gas in a physiological normal saline solution being set equivalent to that of living body fluid, fatigue tests on AISI 316 were made to simulate the stress corrosion behavior of the metal in the living body. As a result, remarkable deterioration of fatigue strength was observed in the low O2 concentrated normal saline solution, which was the same as that in the living animal body.
Animals↗
Temperature and humidity control system in a lunar base.
An increasing number of lunar base construction programs are in the process of developing lunar resources such as helium 3. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the temperature and humidity control system, which will allow man to live and work on the moon while developing lunar resources. The results of thermal load calculation show that the load of electric lighting is a 80 to 90% of the cooling load in the habitat module and that only the cooling function is required for temperature control. Due to this, a fluorocarbon refrigerant heat pump system was selected to satisfy reliability, energy consumption, size and weight requirements for the lunar base equipment. According to the load calculation, occupants will feel discomfort due to radiant heat from lighting fixtures. To resolve this problem, an air conditioning system, used in combination with forced convective cooling and panel cooling on the ceiling, was adopted in the living space. Moreover, the experiment on the ground was carried out to evaluate the effects of panel cooling.
Air Conditioning↗