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Biomedical subjects

I Novák

Publications and source records attributed to I Novák.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Use of porous pyrolytic carbon for analytical and microscale high-performance liquid chromatographic bioseparations.

Porous carbonaceous adsorbent was prepared by carbonization of saccharose in silica gel pores followed by leeching out of the silica matrix. The product of pyrolysis was then deactivated by hydrogenation. The resulting adsorbent shows intermediate sorption properties between those of the highly polar pyrolytic glassy carbon and the hydrophobic graphitized carbon. The microparticulate mesoporous carbon was examined for its use in capillary HPLC separations. The separation of selected stereoisomers in a 320 microm I.D. capillary column packed with the porous carbon particles is described and discussed. Additionally, the porous carbon filled with dextran gel was tested as a material for direct HPLC analysis of drugs in human serum.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1998

Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) with citrate anticoagulation in the treatment of a patient with acute renal failure, hypercalcemia, and thrombocytopenia.

A 72-year-old patient with multiple myeloma was admitted to the intensive care unit because of hypercalcemic crisis and acute renal failure. After 7 days of comprehensive therapy including diuretics steroids, calcitonin, and intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) with low-calcium dialysate, calcium still reached high levels between IHD treatments and thrombocytopenia developed after chemotherapy. CVVHDF with calcium-free bicarbonate dialysate was started. Anticoagulation with 2.2% citrate was performed in order to chelate calcium, and thus treat the hypercalcemia, and to provide regional anticoagulation, and thus reduce the risk of bleeding due to thrombocytopenia. CVVHDF with citrate anticoagulation was continued for 6 days, and standard heparin anticoagulation was started when the hypercalcemia and thrombocytopenia abated.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1997

Glutamine and other amino acid losses during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration.

Serum amino grams and daily losses of glutamine (Gln) and other amino acids (AAs) into diafiltrate were measured during the first 5 days of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in 6 ICU patients with acute renal failure (ARF). Four patients had ARF as a part of multiple organ failure (MOF) of septic origin, and 2 patients had isolated ARF because of primary renal disease. During the study, all the patients received defined total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The mean daily AA losses into dialysate were relatively low (0.61 +/- 0.1 gN) and reached 4.5% of the daily AA substitution. Gln represented 32.7 +/- 5.9% of the total AA losses (0.19 +/- 0.04 gN). Serum levels of Gln (p = 0.002) and of most other AAs were significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (AA analysis in 16 healthy volunteers). Phenylalanine (Phe) was the only AA that was increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the patients. The mean patient serum concentrations of Phe and tyrosine were significantly higher (p < 0.03) than the correspondent concentrations in dialysate, but the lysine concentration was higher in dialysate (p < 0.03). The serum and dialysate concentrations of other AAs did not differ. Gln in serum decreased significantly (p < 0.03) on the second day of CVVHDF but returned to the baseline levels subsequently. Serum concentrations of Phe increased on the second day of CVVHDF (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of other AAs remained stable during the whole study. We conclude that Gln losses into dialysate during CVVHDF are relatively low, but CVVHDF itself may induce changes in Gln metabolism and distribution that are reflected by a decrease of serum Gln levels at the institution of this treatment. Therefore, the need for Gln supplementation in ICU patients is even greater in the first days of CVVHDF.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1997

[Replacement of the Herschel revolving double prism and the Maddox double wing with a prismatic glass for testing of heterophoria].

After the short summary of investigation methods of latent Squint the authors report about the method using the standard Trial Frame Okula and prism with a power of 16 pdpt, with Maddox lens from common trial case Okula. This method is used for an indication of magnitude of latent Squint for a short and a long distance. After the meaning of the authors is exoforia for a short distance one of the most frequent causes of muscular asthenopic disorders.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Molecular biology and role of histamine in physiological and pathological reactions. A review.

Histamine is known to exhibit a wide variety of both physiological and pathologic functions in different tissues and cells, this amine is one of the most general mediators of the mammalian organism. Extracellular histamine action is believed to be mediated by binding to its specific cell-surface receptor(s) resulting in the converting the extracellular signal to intracellular events. Moreover, numerous studies suggest basic role for intracellular histamine as one of the intracellular messenger moieties. The functional consequences of the action of histamine involve many physiological and pathophysiological events, including allergy, neurotransmission and cell growth.

Histamine↗
PubMed1996

[Kidney injuries in childhood].

The author presents the results of conservative treatment of renal injuries in children. In the investigated clinical group (9 children) six children were treated conservatively (67%) and surgical revision was made in three children (33%). In two instances nephrectomy was performed and in one instance conservative surgery. The function of the injured kidney was preserved in all children treated conservatively and in the child with conservative renal surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Temporal relationship between food intake, administration of insulin and physical loading in type I diabetics treated with an intensified insulin regimen].

BACKGROUND: Although there is no doubt about the benefit of physical exercise in diabetic patients, risks of exercise are known in particular in type 1 diabetics. The purpose of the investigation was to assess the optimal time of exercise in relation to food intake and insulin administration in type 1 diabetics treated by intensified insulin regimens. METHODS AND RESULTS: The group comprised 31 type 1 diabetic patients without complications (21 women, 11 men) mean age 26 years, range 18-32 years with a mean duration of diabetes of 9 +/- 5.3 years and a BMI of 24.7 +/- 2.3. The patients were treated by intensified insulin regimens. In order to evaluate the blood sugar reaction they were subjected to a physical load amounting to 50% of the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) after exercise in the morning on fasting (state I), after administration of an insulin bolus and after breakfast (stage II) and after administration of a snack containing 20 g carbohydrate without insulin administration (stage III). The results of the blood sugar level during the 30th minute and during the fourth hour of the investigation are presented as per cent of the initial blood sugar level. Stage I ((10.1 mmol/l, SD = 5.2, 94%, SD = 54, 107%, SD = 50), stage II (9.16 mmol/l, SD = 5.1, 131%, SD = 86, 135%, SD = 97) and stage III (7.66 mmol/l, SD = 3.9, 189%, SD = 150, 153%, SD = 97). Processing of the results by Wilcoxon's test revealed a statistically significant difference of the blood sugar level after the load only between stages I and III (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In type 1 diabetics treated by intensified insulin regimens the authors did not reveal a different response of the blood sugar level to loads on fasting or after a meal and insulin. Thus it is not necessary to respect previous recommendations: to take exercise 30-60 minutes after a meal, but according to individual needs of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Long-term results of therapy in patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis].

In 1972-1991 at the urological clinic in Hradec Králové 13 patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis were treated. In six idiopathic fibrosis, primary fibrosis (morbus Ormond) was involved. By surgery only one patient with the primary disease was treated, five patients with secondary fibrosis only conservatively (by nephrostomy, by introduction of an ureteral endoprosthesis and prednisone administration 1200-1500 mg in total). Seven patients, incl. five with primary fibrosis, had combined treatment, an open operation with subsequent administration of prednisone. All remained under dispensary care of the clinic. During check-up examinations renal function and congestion in the urinary pathways was examined. In morbus Ormond treatment was successful in 83% of the patients (one patient died from myocardial infarction on the fifth day after operation); in patients with the secondary disease treatment was successful in 60%.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Comparison of the effect of continuous and intermittent physical loading in type I diabetics].

In order to evaluate the optimal mode of physical loads the authors examined 19 diabetics type I without secondary complications. On the second day of an educational-rehabilitation camp the authors subjected the patients to a continuous load-a 40-minute endurance run at a heart rate equal to 60% of the maximal oxygen requirement. On the fifth day an intermittent load with a maximal intensity--training of 4 x 10 minutes with 5-minute intervals was administered. At the onset, during the 20th and 40th minute of the load the titrable acidity, lactate and blood sugar level were assessed. The intermittent load led already after 20 minutes to marked acidosis (titrable acidity = 12) which did not increase after 40 minutes of the load. The authors recorded a statistically significant rise of the lactate level (4.57 mmol/l) which after 40 minutes of the load rose further to 12.3 mmol/l, as compared with values of titrable acidity during the 20th and 40th minute (0.44 and 1.14) and lactate during the 20th and 40th minute (4.57 and 3.86 mmol/l) during a continuous load. After evaluation by the test of linear correlation it appears with regard to the stability of the blood sugar level during a load that an intermittent load is more favourable. The drop of the blood sugar level in time during a continuous load was at the 1 level of significance, in intermittent loads at the 5% of significance. Both types of loads did not lead to hypoglycaemia or other complications and thus both can be used in diabetics type I.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Does reconditioning improve compensation in diabetics?].

The authors evaluate the short-term and long-term effect of a ten-day educational camp on metabolic compensation, the physical and mental state and knowledge of the disease in 30 diabetics type I, mean age 29 years (range 17-45 years) with a duration of diabetes of 6.3 years (plus minus 5.6). After processing of individual parameters at the onset, after termination of reconditioning and after two subsequent months the authors revealed after evaluation by the paired t-test a statistically insignificant drop of the mean blood sugar level after reconditioning. After two months the mean blood sugar level rose again insignificantly and an insignificant decline of glycosylated haemoglobin occurred. After reconditioning a statistically significant decline of insulin consumption occurred (p < 0.01) but after two months the consumption returned to the original level. A significant increase was recorded in the knowledge of the disease (p < 0.05) and an increase in physical fitness (p < 0.01). The authors consider thus that the positive effect of reconditioning is mainly in training of a proper lifestyle, learning of self-monitoring and psychic improvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Successful control of hypoglycemia through education].

The objective of the work was to assess whether education focused on hypoglycaemic complications can influence in a favorable way the number of these acute episodes in diabetics type I treated by an intensified insulin regime. Using a questionnaire method, the authors examined 40 diabetics type I without chronic complications, treated by an intensified insulin regime. The authors investigated the most frequent cause, clinical severity and number of hypoglycaemic episodes three months before and three months after a 10-day educational camp. During the three months before reconditioning in the group as a whole total of 600 hypoglycaemic episodes were recorded, while during the same period after reconditioning only 240. The most frequent causes before and after reconditioning were a physical load and a delayed meal. Education reduces markedly the severity and total number of hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetics type I.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[A vesico-sigmoid fistula in a 15-year-old girl].

The authors diagnosed in a fifteen-year-old girl. other wise healthy, a double vesicosigmoidal fistula. It developed probably at the age of two after an acute abdominal attack of inflammatory character which was treated conservatively. The fistulae caused repeated inflammations of the urinary pathways. In the late diagnosis participated among others evaluation of miction cystography which was imperfect from the technical aspect. When repeated, this examination contributed to the diagnosis. After surgery the girl recovered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Visual evoked potentials. Their use in ophthalmology and other specialties].

The technique of investigating evoked visual potentials (EVP) is resumed within the context of electrophysiological methods as applied in optic neuritis. Several typical courses of the disease are case-reported in this account. In conclusion, authors recommend further on EVP implications due to its objectivity, non-invasiveness and time-sparing with a possible automated evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Epiglottitis and subglottic laryngitis].

Account of the course and conclusions of a working session of the Paediatric Society devoted to laryngeal obstruction in children. The participants discussed in particular the differential diagnosis of subglottic laryngitis and epiglottitis in children.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Hand, foot and mouth disease].

The authors described a case of viral stomatitis of the type of hand, foot and mouth disease with mucosal and skin manifestations in an adult with a significant rise of neutralizing antibodies against the Coxsackie B4 virus.

Adult↗