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Biomedical subjects

I Nygaard

Publications and source records attributed to I Nygaard.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Exercise pad testing in continent exercisers: reproducibility and correlation with voided volume, pyridium staining, and type of exercise.

This study was undertaken to determine normal values for a modified pad test to be used for testing outcomes of studies addressing therapy for exercise incontinence. Fourteen asymptomatic volunteers who were continent by history completed three similar exercise sessions wearing pre-weighed pads after ingesting phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium, Parke-Davis, Sandy, UT). The mean pad weight gain for all exercise sessions combined was 3.19 +/- 3.16 g (range 0.1-12.4). The mean area of pyridium staining was 2.66 +/- 3.14 mm. Mean volume voided after the exercise sessions was 193 +/- 108 cc (range 10-625). The Kendall coefficient of concordance used to test the interest reliability was 0.96 for pad weight gain, 0.76 for area of stain, and 0.60 for volume voided. All but one of the subjects had at least one spot of pyridium stain on at least one of the three pads. The increase in pad weight attributable to sweat and vaginal moisture is reproducible in a given individual performing the same exercise routine, but due to the large variation between subjects, we were unable to establish a cut-off value separating continence from incontinence. Adding pyridium did not improve the specificity of the test, despite instructing subjects to milk the urethra and blot before applying the pad.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prevention of exercise incontinence with mechanical devices.

A prospective, randomized, single-blind study addressed the hypothesis that simple mechanical barriers are helpful in controlling urinary incontinence during exercise. Eighteen incontinent exercisers aged 33-73 participated in three 40-minute standardized aerobics sessions wearing either a Hodge pessary with support, a super tampon or no mechanical device. Urine loss was determined by a change in the weight of the pad worn while exercising. Statistical analysis of the log of urine loss revealed that women lost significantly less urine when exercising with either the pessary or the tampon than when exercising with no device. Thus, both devices studied are useful, nonsurgical alternatives for some women for the treatment of exercise incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sexuality and reproduction in spinal cord injured women.

Sexuality, reproduction, and childbearing are essential issues for the spinal cord injured women. The medical complications, including urinary tract infections, anemia, pressure sores, sepsis, and autonomic hyperreflexia are significant in each of these areas with both physical as well as emotional ramifications. Patient and family education is of primary importance in both anticipating as well as dealing with the potentially serious consequences. A consultant knowledgeable in the problems of the spinal cord injured can be of utmost benefit especially in the labor and delivery process.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1990

Exercise and incontinence.

Three hundred twenty-six women filled out questionnaires to assess the relationship between exercise and incontinence. Two hundred ninety participants stated that they exercised regularly. Overall, 152 (47%) noted some degree of incontinence, which correlated positively with the number of vaginal deliveries (P less than .0005). Eighty-seven exercisers (30%) noted incontinence during at least one type of exercise. Incontinence exclusively during exercise was seen in only one woman. Exercises involving repetitive bouncing were associated with the highest incidence of incontinence. Seventeen incontinent exercisers (20%) stopped an exercise because of incontinence, whereas 16 (18%) changed the way a specific exercise was done and 48 (55%) wore a pad during exercise. Thirty-five percent had discussed their incontinence with a health care professional. These data suggest that incontinence during exercise is a common, although little known, problem. In addition to the behavioral adaptations which women initiate on their own, surgical and nonsurgical treatments may be of benefit.

Adolescent↗