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Biomedical subjects

I O Haefliger

Publications and source records attributed to I O Haefliger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Intraocular pressure changes in the contralateral eye after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.

AIM: To assess intraocular pressure (IOP) changes of the contralateral eyes of eyes undergoing trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC). METHODS: Non-comparative retrospective study of 24 consecutive patients who underwent trabeculectomy with MMC that led to more than 45% reduction in IOP. In the contralateral eyes, IOP before surgery was compared with IOP 1 day and 1 month after surgery. 11 fellow eyes were under topical hypotensive therapy while 13 contralateral eyes were not (12 contralateral eyes had previous filtering surgery and one had normal tension glaucoma). No patients had systemic ocular hypotensive therapy. RESULTS: Mean IOP in all contralateral eyes decreased from 15.5 (SD 5.5) mm Hg to 12.5 (3.8) mm Hg (p<0.01), and 13.0 (4.7) mm Hg (p<0.001) 1 day and 1 month after surgery, respectively. In the 11 fellow eyes under topical ocular hypotensive therapy mean IOP was reduced from 19.5 (4.0) mm Hg to 13.5 (2.2) mm Hg (p<0.01), and 16.5 (2.8) mm Hg (p<0.05) 1 day and 1 month after surgery, respectively. In the 13 fellow eyes not under topical ocular hypotensive therapy mean IOP was reduced from 12.1 (4.2) mm Hg to 11.6 (4.7) mm Hg (p not significant) and 9.8 (3.8) mm Hg (p0.01) 1 day and 1 month after surgery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the present population, a month after trabeculectomy, mean IOP in the contralateral eyes decreased independently of whether these contralateral eyes were undergoing topical ocular hypotensive therapy or not.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

[Etiology of eyelid edema].

Lidedema can be a common symptom of diseases of the orbital part of the face. One can differentiate lidedema in two groups, those that are related to an inflammation and those that are not related to an inflammation. Lidedema of the eyelid can also be secondary to a systemic disease. There is also another group that is common in the ageing population that consists of blepharochalasis and dermatochalasis where the skin becomes loose with the years and forms redundant folds.

Blepharitis↗
PubMed2004

Reducing intraocular pressure: is surgery better than drugs?

Reducing IOP is presently the evidence based, most accepted and most practised therapeutical approach for glaucoma patients. Currently topical ocular hypotensive medications, with its different classes, as well as filtering surgery (trabeculectomy and non-penetrating glaucoma surgery) are in the forefront of therapeutic modalities for IOP reduction. This article looks at the potential advantages and disadvantages of topical medications versus filtering surgery. It does not directly address the question of initial treatment of glaucoma, or what is the better treatment of glaucoma, as other review articles had, but rather looks in a more specific on the pros and the cons of each in relation to IOP reduction. In other words this article deals with the situation once the decision has been made to reduce IOP.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2004

Free autologous buccal mucosal graft transplantation to treat ocular complications after toxic epidermal necrolysis: case report.

BACKGROUND: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) can lead to ocular surface scarring associated with pain, dry eye symptoms, and decreased visual acuity that often are difficult to treat. HISTORY AND SIGNS: A 34-year-old woman was referred to our department two-years after TEN induced by lamotrigin (lamictal(R)). She was complaining of severe visual acuity loss, pain, and dry eye symptoms. Visual acuity was reduced to light perception in the right eye (RE) and to 0.2 in left eye (LE). Basal Schirmer test was 2 mm in RE and 3 mm in LE. With or without therapeutic contact lenses, the patient was experiencing severe discomfort requiring tear supplementation up to 50 - 80 times/day in both eyes. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: A free autologous mucosal graft (3.5 x 2.0 cm) was transplanted from the lower lip into the upper RE fornix. Six months after surgery, with therapeutic contact lenses, the need for tear supplementation was markedly reduced to 3 - 4 times/day in RE while it remained unchanged in LE. In RE, slit-lamp examination revealed decreases in the corneal stromal edema and in the diameter of neo-vessels associated with an improvement of visual acuity (counting fingers at 30 cm). Basal Schirmer test values were unchanged. It has to be mentioned that the improvement observed after surgery was markedly dependent on wearing a therapeutic contact lens. CONCLUSIONS: Free autologous buccal graft transplantation (with its presumably accessory salivary glands) in association with the use of a therapeutic contact lens can be an efficient approach to treat ocular complication following drug-induced TEN (Lyell's syndrome).

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Influence of non-penetrating glaucoma surgery on aqueous outflow facility in isolated porcine eyes.

PURPOSE: To investigate, in vitro, the influence of non-penetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) and the influence of tightly suturing the superficial scleral flap on the aqueous outflow facility of isolated porcine eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anterior chambers of 12 enucleated porcine cadaver eyes were cannulated and perfused. NPGS was performed by the same surgeon. The overall ocular aqueous outflow facilities were assessed before and after the surgical interventions of NPGS, as well as after scleral flap closure. RESULTS: The mean (SD) aqueous outflow facility, which was 0.164 (0.014) microl/min/mm Hg before surgery, increased significantly after NPGS to 1.584 (0.217) microl/min/mm Hg, p<0.001. When the superficial flap was closed, the aqueous outflow facility significantly decreased (0.754 (0.107) microl/min/mm Hg, p<0.001) but remained significantly higher than preoperatively (p<0.01). After suturing the superficial flap, the overall resistance increased to 1.625 (0.210) microl/min/mm Hg. The difference in the resistance to outflow before and after flap closure was 0.848 (0.169) microl/min/mm Hg. CONCLUSION: After NPGS suturing the scleral flap can modulate aqueous outflow resistance. The experimental set up described might provide an efficient model for the technical training of glaucoma surgeries.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Endothelium-dependent vasoactive modulation in the ophthalmic circulation.

The vascular endothelium is strategically located between the circulating blood and the vascular smooth muscle cells. Different agonists or stimuli transported by the circulating blood can trigger the endothelium to release potent relaxing (nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) or contracting factors (endothelin, cycloxygenase products). These endothelium-derived vasoactive factors can modulate blood flow locally. Heterogeneity exists from one vascular bed to the other, or even between vessels, in the agonists able to stimulate the release of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors. In the ophthalmic circulation, nitric oxide and endothelin are strong vasoactive modulators. In many vascular diseases that are of importance in ophthalmology (hypercholesterolemia, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, vasospastic syndrome, ischemia and reperfusion, etc) the function of the endothelium can be impaired. There exist different drugs that can modulate the vasoactive function of the vascular endothelium. In other words, it appears that the vascular endothelium plays an important role in both the physiology and pathophysiology of the regulation of blood flow. The modulation of this regulatory system by different drugs might open new therapeutical approaches to treat vascular disorders in ophthalmology.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Lid retractors desinsertion in acquired ptosis and involutional lower lid entropion: surgical implications.

BACKGROUND: An association exists between upper and/or lower lid retractors' desinsertion and acquired ptosis and/or involutional lower lid entropion. METHOD: By highlighting the similarities that exist in the anatomy of the upper and lower lid retractors a possible pathophysiological mechanism leading to acquired ptosis and involutional lower lid entropion is suggested. As a logical consequence, in case of desinsertion, it is proposed to reattach the lid retractors to the tarsus. RESULTS: With this simple "physiological" surgical approach it is possible to treat with success a great majority of acquired ptosis and/or involutional lower lid entropion. CONCLUSION: Repairing upper and/or lower lid retractors' desinsertion can cure acquired ptosis and/or involutional lower lid entropion.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Decreased Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter (HRF) parameter "flow" at the papilla shortly after smoking a cigarette.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of smoking a cigarette on the Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter (HRF) parameter "Flow" at the papilla of healthy young volunteers. METHODS: Three HRF measurements were taken over the papilla (20 x 5, 256 x 64 pixels) in fourteen occasional smokers and in 14 non-smokers. Ten minutes later three similar HRF measurements were again made. In between the two series of measurements occasional smokers were asked to smoke a cigarette (Marlboro, nicotine content 9 mg) and non-smokers not. RESULTS: In occasional smokers, the values (arbitrary units) of the HRF parameter "Flow", calculated at the papilla (50 x 50 pixels), significantly (P = 0.01) decreased (11.2 +/- 3.5%) after smoking a cigarette. In contrast, in non-smokers, the values of the HRF parameter "Flow" did not decrease significantly (2.9 +/- 2.2%) when measurements were repeated 10 minutes later. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that smoking a cigarette can affect the HRF-parameter "Flow" at the papilla. The clinical implication of such an observation needs further investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Vasorelaxing effect of the potassium (K+)-channel opener pinacidil in isolated porcine ciliary arteries.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the vasorelaxing properties of pinacidil (a potassium-channel-opener) in isolated porcine ciliary arteries. METHODS: Isometric contractions of isolated porcine ciliary arteries were measured with a myograph system. The vessels were first precontracted with the thromboxane A2 analog U 46619 (0.1 microM), and then exposed, in a cumulative manner, to increasing concentrations of pinacidil (1 nM-100 microM). Relaxations have been expressed in percent of the maximal contraction evoked by U 46619 (0.1 microM). RESULTS: Pinacidil showed a pronounced concentration-dependent relaxing effect in isolated porcine ciliary arteries. The difference between pinacidil and time-control experiments was significant (100 microM: 112 +/- 2% vs. 18 +/- 6%, P < 0.0001). The half-maximal concentration (pD50) value was 5.3 +/- 0.1 (-log M). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that pinacidil has marked vasorelaxing properties in isolated porcine ciliary arteries.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed2001

[Dependence of lipid peroxidation on pigmentation of the porcine iris].

PURPOSE: Melanin has been shown to act as antioxidant in lipid peroxidation studies. We have now investigated lipid peroxidation in dependence on stromal pigmentation in isolated porcine irises. METHODS: The same number of lightly pigmented and heavily pigmented porcine irises (visual selection) were homogenized in buffer (50 mmol/l Na2HPO4, 50 mmol/l NaH2PO4 and 4 mmol/l sodium azide; 1:20 w/v). 500 microliters homogenate were incubated at 37 degrees C for 5, 10, 20 and 40 min in absence and presence of Fe2+ as inducer of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation was assayed by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Results are expressed as nmol of TBA reactive material produced (TBAR) per mg protein. Fe2+ concentration of the supernatant was determined spectrophotometrically with phenanthroline. RESULTS: 70 mumol/l, 180 mumol/l and 360 mumol/l Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation. A plateau region was reached after 20 min. Lipid peroxidation differed in dependence on stromal pigmentation in porcine irises by a factor of 2.8. 180 mumol/l Fe2+ induced 1.373 +/- 0.138 nmol TBAR/mg protein in lightly pigmented irises compared to 0.491 +/- 0.125 nmol TBAR/mg protein in heavily pigmented irises after 10 min incubation (p < 0.0001, n = 4). On the other hand, the content of Fe2+ in the supernatant was the same within error. CONCLUSIONS: There was a stronger induction of lipid peroxidation in lightly pigmented porcine irises compared to heavily pigmented porcine irises. This effect may be related to the difference in stromal melanin content and its antioxidant activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Brimonidine and inhibition of nitrite production in isolated porcine ciliary processes.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist brimonidine (a drug that decreases intraocular pressure in part by reducing aqueous humor production) can inhibit the production of nitrite induced by forskolin in isolated porcine ciliary processes. METHODS: Nitrite (a metabolite of nitric oxide) was measured (Griess reaction) before and two hours after exposure to the adenylcyclase activator forskolin (0.1 microM) in the presence or in the absence of the brimonidine (10 microM) and/or the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine (10 microM). RESULTS: The increase of nitrite production evoked by forskolin (139 +/- 9%) was significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited by brimonidine (108 +/- 6%). The inhibitory effect of brimonidine on the increase of nitrite production induced by forskolin was significantly (P < 0.01) reversed by yohimbine (136 +/- 7%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study suggest that brimonidine inhibits the production of nitrite evoked by forskolin through a mechanism that could involve alpha 2-adrenoreceptor activation in isolated porcine ciliary processes.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed2001

Topical ocular instillation of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and intraocular pressure in rabbits.

PURPOSE: It has been reported that intravenous injection of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME) causes a rapid decrease of intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits. This study investigates the effect of topical ocular application of different NOS inhibitors on a raise of IOP induced by an acute water intake (rabbit water loading model). METHODS: Forty New Zealand (albino) male rabbits received randomly (within thirty minutes) in their right eye three 50 microliters installations of either 0.9% NaCl, 0.5% timolol maleate (beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist), 0.5% 7-nitroindazole (7-NI; NOS inhibitor), 0.5% L-NAME, or 0.5% 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-1,3,-thiazine (AMT; NOS inhibitor) before an oral water gavage (60 ml/kg). IOP was measured (TonoPen) before and after topical instillation (time 0), and then 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after water intake. RESULTS: In right eyes, the area under the curve (AUC) of the IOP difference versus time (arbitrary units) was 527 +/- 284 for NaCl, 255 +/- 178 for timolol, 466 +/- 242 for 7-NI, 604 +/- 195 for L-NAME, and 394 +/- 202 for AMT. Values of AUC were only significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the timolol-treated group. In left eyes, no significant difference (p > 0.05) could be observed in values of AUC between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Under the present experimental conditions (including concentration and bioavailability of the drugs used), topical application of the NOS inhibitors 7-NI, L-NAME, and AMT does not prevent an IOP increase induced by water intake in rabbits.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2001

Modulation of Na/K-ATPase activity by isoproterenol and propranolol in human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells.

PURPOSE: The present study investigates whether beta-adrenoreceptor agents such as isoproterenol and propranolol can regulate Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in cultured human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells. METHODS: Human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells (ODM2) were grown to confluence. The active ion transport mediated by the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was evaluated by measuring ouabain-sensitive rubidium (Rb+) uptake. In a first set of experiments, cells were exposed to the beta-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol (0.01-10 microM). In a second set of experiments, cells were exposed to isoproterenol (1 microM) in the presence of different concentrations of the beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol (0.01, 0.1, 1 microM). RESULTS: In a concentration-dependent manner, isoproterenol induced an increase in Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. The maximal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was observed at a concentration of 1 microM of isoproterenol (283 +/- 58%, P < 0.001). The increase in Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity evoked by isoproterenol (1 microM) was inhibited. In a concentration dependent manner, by propranolol (maximum: 659 +/- 39 vs. 141 +/- 42 pM/mg protein/min, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The beta-adrenoreceptor agents isoproterenol and propranolol are apparently able to modulate Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in cultured human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed2001

L-NAME- and U 46619-induced contractions in isolated porcine ciliary arteries versus vortex veins.

PURPOSE: To investigate contractions evoked by the thromboxane A2 analog U 46619 and by the inhibitor of nitric oxide formation NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in isolated porcine ciliary arteries and vortex veins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a myograph system (for isometric forces measurement), vessels were exposed (at different levels of wall tension) to 100 mM potassium chloride (KCl). At their optimal tension, vessels were exposed (in a cumulative manner) to increasing concentrations of U 46619 (0.1 nM-1 microM) in the absence or in the presence of L-NAME (0.1 mM). Contractions were expressed in mN or in percent of a 100 mM KCl-induced contraction. RESULTS: Optimal tension was higher in arteries (7 mN) than in veins (3 mN). Maximal contractions induced by KCl were stronger in arteries (24.4 +/- 3.6 mN; n = 8) than in veins (1.8 +/- 0.2 mN; n = 8). In contrast, maximal contractions evoked by U 46619 were proportionally higher (p < 0.001) in veins (178.3 +/- 8.9%; n = 8) than in arteries (108.4 +/- 2.6%; n = 5) and were not significantly affected by L-NAME. Sensitivity to U 46619 was not significantly different between arteries (pD50 = 7.7 +/- 0.1) and veins (pD50 = 7.9 +/- 0.1). In quiescent vessels, L-NAME evoked contractions that were higher (p < 0.001) in veins (43 +/- 7.9%; n = 13) than in arteries (7.5 +/- 1.7%; n = 10). CONCLUSIONS: When compared with KCl-induced contractions, contractions evoked by U 46619 or L-NAME are proportionally higher in porcine vortex veins than in ciliary arteries.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed2001

Cyclic AMP and anionic currents in porcine ciliary epithelium.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate whether in the ciliary epithelium of isolated porcine ciliary body cyclic 3',5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activates transmembrane anionic currents. METHODS: Changes in membrane potential induced either by the adenylcyclase activator forskolin (10 microM; n = 4) or the stable membrane permeable cAMP analog 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (8-br-cAMP; 30 microM; n = 4) were measured with intracellular microelectrodes. The effect of the drugs were assessed in the absence or in the presence of the non-selective anionic channel/transporter inhibitor diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2' disulfonic acid (DIDS; 1 mM; n = 4). RESULTS: Significant (p < 0.001) membrane potential depolarization were induced by both forskolin (11.8 +/- 0.3 mV) or 8-br-cAMP (9.3 +/- 0.4 mV). In the presence of DIDS, a significant (p < 0.001) inhibition of the depolarization evoked by forskolin (0.9 +/- 1.1 mV) and 8-bromo-cAMP (0.7 +/- 0.2 mV) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In the ciliary epithelium of isolated porcine ciliary body cAMP induces membrane potential depolarization through a process that could involve anionic channels.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Latanoprost is a vasoconstrictor in isolated porcine ciliary arteries.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the vasoconstrictor effect of the prostaglandin F2 alpha analog latanoprost in isolated porcine ciliary arteries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: With a myograph system to measure isometric forces, porcine ciliary arteries were exposed, in a cumulative manner, to increasing concentrations of latanoprost (0.1 nM-0.1 mM). Experiments were conducted in quiescent vessels as well as in vessels precontracted with potassium chloride (KCl; 40 mM) or endothelin-1 (10 nM). Contractions were expressed in percent of 100 mM KCl-induced contraction. RESULTS: In a concentration dependent manner latanoprost induced significant (p < 0.001) contractions in quiescent vessels (maximum: 68 +/- 3%, n = 5; PD50: 5.7 +/- 0.1). In KCl or in endothelin-1 precontracted vessels latanoprost did not evoke any relaxation but in contrast significant (p < 0.001) contractions (maximum: 33 +/- 4%, n = 5 and 26 +/- 6%, n = 8, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost has a vasoconstrictor effect in isolated porcine ciliary arteries. No relaxation could be observed. The clinical relevance of this finding requires further evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Pupillary examination with infrared consumer videocamera.

BACKGROUND: Pupillary observation in the dark is always a problem in a general ophthalmological practice or an outpatient clinic without specialized equipment. We present two methods for observation of the pupils in darkness: 1) illumination of the pupils with the skiascope as a routine examination and 2) infrared observation of the pupils with a consumer digital video camera. METHODS: (1) Pupillary reactions are observed with the skiascope/retinoscope, the observation beam of the device focused to infinity and documented with a video camera. (2) Infrared observation of the pupils was performed with a digital consumer video camera, allowing observation of the pupillary reaction in darkness. After recording, video sequences of interest were transferred to a personal computer and the still images of interest extracted. RESULTS: In everyday clinical routine, observation of the pupillary reaction with the skiascope/retinoscope proves as a reliable tool with a large bandwidth of illumination and a high contrast between pupil and surrounding area. The infrared video camera allows an excellent visualization of the pupillary reflex in darkness. The transfer of the video sequences to a personal computer proved to be simple and single images can easily be chosen. CONCLUSION: Observation of the pupillary reflex with the skiascope proved a useful tool that is available in practically every ophthalmological office. Use of the infrared digital consumer video camera (available at low prices) is a highly sophisticated tool for observation and documentation of pupillary reflex in darkness.

Dark Adaptation↗