Biomedical subjects

I Odano

Publications and source records attributed to I Odano.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

A comparative study of simple methods to measure regional cerebral blood flow using iodine-123-IMP SPECT.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and reliability of simple methods of quantifying regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with 123I-labeled N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and SPECT and to determine which method was best. METHODS: Four methods were examined: (a) the microsphere method with continuous withdrawal of arterial blood, which was based on a microsphere model using the SPECT image obtained 5 min after tracer injection, (b) the microsphere method with one-point sampling, which was the same as the first method except that one-point sampling was used instead of continuous withdrawal, (c) the modified microsphere method with one-point sampling, which was the same as the second method except that a later SPECT image (30-min postinjection) with correction was used and (d) a table look-up method based on a two-compartment model with one-point arterial blood sampling and two SPECT scans obtained 40- and 180-min postinjection. The accuracy of these methods was validated by comparing the rCBF values with those obtained by nonlinear least squares fitting analysis based on the two-compartment model in 15 subjects. RESULTS: Regional cerebral blood flow values obtained by the first method correlated most closely with those obtained by nonlinear least squares fitting analysis (error, 6.8%). The second method estimated rCBF with a mean error of 10.4%. The third method estimated rCBF with a mean error of 13.1%, even though it tended to slightly overestimate rCBF. The fourth method was inclined to underestimate rCBF with a mean error of 17.1%, and it greatly overestimated regional distribution volume. CONCLUSION: The first method was the most accurate and reliable. For less invasiveness, the first method should be combined with one-point sampling instead of continuous withdrawal, which was used in the second method. When using a delayed SPECT image with a conventional SPECT scanner, the third method was considered to be superior to the fourth method.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[A comparative study of the quality of SPECT images obtained by 123I-IMP, 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-ECD].

The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the quality of SPECT images for the mapping of rCBF using three tracers, 123I-IMP, 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-ECD. We performed three SPECT studies on seven patients with various cerebral diseases under the same conditions. An effect of Lassen's correction on SPECT images obtained by HMPAO was also evaluated. The same irregular regions of interest were placed on the four transaxial SPECT images. To quantitatively evaluate the pattern of tracer uptake and image contrast, the uptake ratio, regional count/mean count of the cerebrum, and its coefficient variations (CV) were defined, respectively. The order of the value of CV was HMPAO with correction > IMP > ECD > HMPAO without correction. HMPAO with correction showed the best image contrast, but HMPAO without correction was the worst. Uptake ratios of ECD and HMPAO with correction were decreased in the brain stem and thalamus in comparison with those of IMP. Both uptake ratios of ECD and HMPAO without correction were increased in the occipital cortex. IMP provides high quality SPECT images. Images obtained by HMPAO should be modified by Lassen's correction to increase image contrast. ECD or HMPAO should not be used to evaluate patients with spinocerebellar degeneration.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

[A limitation of the split-dose method for evaluating rCBF changes using 99mTc-ECD and SPECT].

The purpose of the study is to validate the split-dose method corrected with dose ratio of 99mTc-ECD for brain perfusion scan. A dose of 600 MBq of 99mTc-ECD was divided into two with various dose ratios from 1:1 to 1:4, and injected to eleven patients with various cerebral diseases. A lesser dose of 99mTc-ECD was injected under a control state for the first SPECT scan, and 15 min SPECT scan was performed 10 min after injection with a triple-head high resolution gamma camera. After the scan, the other dose of 99mTc-ECD was injected under the same control state and the second SPECT scan was performed as same as above. A ratio of the activity of the first scan to the net activity of the second scan corrected by dose ratio, defined as K, was measured in brain regions of each subject. Expected value of K was 1, but the value was distributed with large variations in each subject. The mean % error of the K value was 10.4 +/- 4.9%. Hence it is considered that activity changes by more than 20% from the control values should be required to detect a significant rCBF change in an activation SPECT study. Then, we proposed a new method in which the activity of both two SPECT scans was normalized by cerebellar or occipital activity and compared. The ratio obtained by the proposed method came closer to 1 with less variations and with less mean % error in comparison with those of K value obtained by the dose-correction method. Although the proposed method has a limitation in the use of an activation study loaded with Diamox, it may be useful to evaluate an alteration of rCBF in the study such as postural testing or finger-moving test.

Brain↗

PubMed1997

Quantification of cerebral blood flow and partition coefficient using iodine-123-iodoamphetamine.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to develop a simple, noninvasive method for quantifying both regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the partition coefficient (lambda) using N-isopropyl-p[123I]iodoamphetamine and SPECT. METHODS: By employing a two-compartment model (influx, K1: outflux, k2), a new method was introduced that requires two serial SPECT scans at 30 min and 60 min, and a single arterial sample 5 min after tracer injection. The integral of the arterial input function is inferred from the sample by using the correlation obtained from 25 subjects. Two original mathematical functions, phi for K1 and gamma for lambda (= K1/k2), were obtained from the input functions of 12 subjects. The values of K1 and lambda are determined from the two scans and the single arterial sample by using these functions. The values obtained for K1 (= rCBF) and lambda were compared with those obtained by nonlinear least-squares fitting analysis and the 133Xe inhalation SPECT method. RESULTS: K1 and lambda were in good agreement with the values obtained by nonlinear least-squares fitting analysis (r = 0.873 in K1 and r = 0.825 in lambda), and rCBF values were closely correlated with those obtained by the 133Xe method (r = 0.843). CONCLUSION: The proposed method has three advantages: (a) accurate, simultaneous quantification of both rCBF and the partition coefficient; (b) simplicity and noninvasiveness; and (c) a relatively short period (approximately 70 min) for the study.

Amphetamines↗

PubMed1996

Decrease in benzodiazepine receptor binding in a patient with Angelman syndrome detected by iodine-123 iomazenil and single-photon emission tomography.

A receptor mapping technique using iodine-123 iomazenil and single-photon emission tomography (SPET) was employed to examine benzodiazepine receptor binding in a patient with Angelman syndrome (AS). AS is characterized by developmental delay, seizures, inappropriate laughter and ataxic movement. In this entity there is a cytogenic deletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 15q11-q13, where the gene encoding the GABAA receptor beta3 subunit (GABRB3) is located. Since the benzodiazepine receptor is constructed as a receptor-ionophore complex that contains the GABAA receptor, it is a suitable marker for GABA-ergic synapsis. To determine whether benzodiazepine receptor density, which indirectly indicates changes in GABAA receptor density, is altered in the brain in patients with AS, we investigated a 27-year-old woman with AS using 123I-iomazenil and SPET. Receptor density was quantitatively assessed by measuring the binding potential using a simplified method. Regional cerebral blood flow was also measured with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine. We demonstrated that benzodiazepine receptor density is severely decreased in the cerebellum, and mildly decreased in the frontal and temporal cortices and basal ganglia, a result which is considered to indicate decreased GABAA receptor density in these regions. Although the deletion of GABRB3 was not observed in the present study, we indirectly demonstrated the disturbance of inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by the GABAA receptor in the investigated patient. 123I-iomazenil with SPET was useful to map benzodiazepine receptors, which indicate GABAA receptor distribution and their density.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Redistribution on I-123 IMP SPECT in children and adolescents with partial seizures.

To evaluate the redistribution phenomenon on delayed I-123 IMP SPECT images of children and adolescents with partial seizures, 25 patients were selected and investigated in the interictal state. Early and delayed SPECT were performed 15-20 minutes and 5 hours, respectively, after I-123 IMP injection. Redistribution patterns were classified into three groups: 1) redistribution (RD) (-) group (n = 5), in which a low-uptake area on the early image persisted or was enlarged on the delayed image, 2) RD (+) group (n = 14), in which a low-uptake area on the early image changed to normal distribution on the delayed image, and 3) marked redistribution (MRD) (+) group (n = 6), In which a low-uptake area on the early image changed to a high uptake area on the delayed image. Among the patients who were followed for at least 12 months after the SPECT scans, the short-term clinical outcome tended to be good in the RD (+) group, intermediate in the MRD (+) group, and poor in the RD (-) group. These results of our preliminary comparative study indicate that the redistribution pattern of I-123 IMP may be related to the clinical aspects in patients with partial seizures and that it may play an important role in predicting their short-term clinical outcome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

A multicenter validation of regional cerebral blood flow quantitation using [123I]iodoamphetamine and single photon emission computed tomography.

Recently, two methods have been proposed for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) quantitation using [123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The table look-up (TLU) method has been shown to provide both rCBF and volume of distribution, Vd, images from two SPECT scans, while a single-scan autoradiographic (ARG) technique provided rCBF using a fixed and assumed Vd. In both methods, a single blood sample was referred to calibrate the previously determined standard input function. The present multicenter project was designed to evaluate the accuracy of both methods for use as clinical investigative tools. Ten independent institutions performed [123I]IMP-SPECT studies according to both methods in 76 subjects (10 normal volunteers, 32 patients with cerebrovascular disease, and 34 patients with other diseases). Calculated rCBF values were compared with those obtained by the following reference methods available in the participating institutions; [15O] H2O positron emission tomography (PET) (five institutions), [133Xe]SPECT (four institutions), and the [123I]IMP microsphere method (three institutions). Both ARG and TLU methods provided rCBF values that were significantly correlated with those measured by the [15O] H2O PET technique (p < 0.001 for all subjects; overall regression equation, y = 15.14 + 0.54x) and those measured by the [123I]IMP-microsphere method (p < 0.001 for all subjects: y = 2.0 + 0.80x). Significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed in 18 of 24 subjects studied with the [133Xe] SPECT reference technique (overall regression equation, y = 15.0 + 0.55x). Mean cortical gray matter rCBF in a group of normal subject was 43.9 +/- 3.3 and 43.4 +/- 2.0 ml/min/100 g for the ARG and TLU methods, respectively. Regional Vd of [123I]IMP estimated by the TLU method was 45 ml/ml +/- 20% in the normal cortical region. Close agreement between ARG and TLU rCBF values was observed (y = -3.21 + 1.07x, r = 0.97), confirming the validity of assuming a fixed Vd in the ARG method. Results of this study demonstrate that both the ARG and TLU methods accurately and reliably estimate rCBF in a variety of clinical settings.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[A new method for measurement of both regional cerebral blood flow and distribution volume using N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and SPECT].

We developed a new method (functional IMP SPECT) to quantitate both regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and distribution volume (Vd) using 123I-IMP and SPECT based on a 2- compartment model (influx; K1 =rCBF and outflux; k2). This method requires one arterial blood sampling at 5 min after injection of the tracer and two SPECT scans at 30 min and 60 min. It takes approximately 60 min for total measurements. The integration of arterial input function is estimated by one blood sample taken at 5 min after injection of the tracer without octanol treatment, by using the correlation between one blood sample and the integration, which was obtained from studies on 25 subjects. With the value of integration, K1 and Vd are calculated from the data of two SPECT scans by using the mathematical functions based on the 2-compartment model, which were obtained from studies on 12 subjects. In the practical range of K1 (0.3-0.7 ml/g/min) and Vd (15-35 ml/g) given in the 2-compartment model, statistical errors of K1 and Vd obtained by the functional IMP SPECT were evaluated at approximately 14.0% and 17.2%, respectively. In clinical studies for eight subjects including two healthy volunteers, three patients with cerebral infarction and three patients with degenerative disease, K1 and Vd values estimated by the functional IMP SPECT were significantly correlated with those estimated by non-linear least squares fitting analysis based on the 2-compartment model, and the mean errors of K1 and Vd estimated by the functional IMP SPECT were approximately 8.0% and 11.2% respectively, suggesting the validity of the new method. We conclude that the functional IMP SPECT is clinically useful because of the accuracy, less-invasiveness and convenience.

Amphetamines↗

PubMed1996

[A functional diagnostic method by measuring of distribution volume of 123I-IMP with SPECT].

To measure distribution volume of 123I-IMP with one-point sampling of arterial blood and 2 times SPECT scans using the Magic square method (Rate constant square method), we introduced a program on a SPECT computer system. In this program four functional images; distribution volume, CBF (K1), k2 and delayed/early ratio, and absolute values with S.D. are obtained on the computer. We have been using the program on daily SPECT studies. In this study we discussed the usefulness of the method. Redistribution phenomenon of 123I-IMP, which is not exactly enough investigated, can be transformed into a functional parameter, distribution volume. Since distribution volume represents an extent of retention of 123I-IMP in brain tissue, it can play an important role to evaluate functional activity in the brain and to diagnose cerebral diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Validation study in quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow using N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and SPECT].

We validated following five methods to quantitate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using 123I-IMP and SPECT; 1) microsphere method, which is based on a microsphere model using the SPECT image at five minutes after 123I-IMP injection with continuous withdrawal of arterial blood, 2) microsphere+ one-point sampling method, which is the same as the microsphere method except for using one-point sampling instead of continuous withdrawal, 3) conventional microsphere + one-point sampling method, which is the same as the microsphere + one-point sampling method except for using a later SPECT image corrected with the ratio of alteration of measured entire brain activity, 4) Table look-up method, which is based on a two-compartment model (influx; K1 and outflux; k2) using one arterial blood sample taken at 10 min and two SPECT images at 30 min and 180 min post-injection, and 5) functional IMP SPECT, which is based on the two-compartment model using one arterial blood sample taken at 5 min and two SPECT images at 30 min and 60 min post-injection. Those methods were applied to six patients with cerebral infarction and degenerative diseases, and rCBF results were compared with those estimated by non-linear least squares fitting (NLLSF) analysis based on the two-compartment model. The rCBF values obtained by the microsphere method was best correlated with those by NLLSF analysis (r = 0.940), followed by the microsphere+one-point sampling method (r = 0.885) and the functional IMP SPECT (r = 0.882). The table look-up method underestimated rCBF especially at the high flow level, however showed good correlation (r = 0.859). The conventional microsphere + one-point sampling method overestimated rCBF, however showed good correlation (r = 0.849). Distribution volume (Vd = K1/k2) was also estimated by both the table look-up method and the functional IMP SPECT. While values of Vd by the functional IMP SPECT were significantly correlated with those by NLLSF analysis (r = 0.785), the table look-up method overestimated Vd (43.4 +/- 6.6 ml/g) and showed not good correlation (r = 0.287).

Brain↗

PubMed1995

Frequent TIA in the territory fed by the anastomosed STA after combined therapeutic ICA occlusion and extracranial-intracranial bypass: case report.

Frequent transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) in the territory fed by the anastomosed superficial temporal artery (STA) after combined therapeutic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and extracranial-intracranial bypass is described in a 52-year-old woman with a giant aneurysm in the supraclinoid portion of the left ICA showing impairment of visual acuity in the left eye and right upper quadrantanopia. After the balloon test occlusion of the left ICA which was tolerated, the left STA-middle cerebral artery anastomosis was performed and occlusion of the left ICA using detachable balloons was carried out a day later. TIAs corresponding to the territory fed by the anastomosed STA occurred nine times two to four days and five times eight to nine days after the ICA occlusion without new infarction on computed tomography (CT) scan. Single-photon emission computed tomography showed no hypoperfusion immediately after the initial TIA. CT scan revealed thrombosis of half of the aneurysm a day after the ICA occlusion. The patient developed the same TIA as previously by compression of the left anastomosed STA at the time of follow-up angiography which was carried out eight days after the occlusion. Although heparin was continuously administered after the ICA occlusion for two days, the initial TIA occurred during heparinization. Anticoagulation seemed to be inadequate judging from activated coagulation time and incomplete thrombosis of the aneurysm occurred during heparinization. It is likely that the TIAs are caused by embolism via the STA, which is a rare ischaemic complication.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1995

Evaluation of cerebral blood flow in patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension using Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT during postural testing.

To determine whether regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) would change on standing in patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (IOH), Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT studies were performed during postural testing in five patients with IOH. After 10 minutes of quiet rest on a bed, the patients arose quickly and, at the same time, the radiotracer was injected intravenously. SPECT data were obtained with a ring-type SPECT scanner. Another dose of Tc-99m HMPAO was injected with the subjects in the supine position, and SPECT was performed again. Image subtraction was used to evaluate the change in rCBF caused by postural testing. In all patients, the authors observed a decrease of rCBF ni the frontal cortex and basal ganglia. This preliminary study suggests that changes in rCBF occur in patients with IOH on standing, and Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT performed during postural testing may have an important role in evaluating these changes.

Brain↗

PubMed1995

A potential use of a 123I-labelled benzodiazepine receptor antagonist as a predictor of neuronal cell viability: comparisons with 14C-labelled 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography and histopathological examination.

In the treatment and therapy of patients suffering a stroke, it is very important to predict whether viable neurones, even those of poor function, remain intact in the lesions of the brain. To determine whether viable neurones of low functional activity are represented in in vivo neuroreceptor imaging, we undertook experiments in gerbils with cerebral infarction, in which we examined histological changes and the results of dual-tracer in vivo autoradiography of glucose utilization with 14C-labelled deoxyglucose and benzodiazepine receptor binding with 123I-labelled Ro 16-0154. The unrelated findings of cerebral glucose metabolism and benzodiazepine receptor binding were observed in the primary infarct lesion and in remote areas, including the ipsilateral striatum and thalamus. Our experiments showed that when viable neurones with low functional activity remain intact, normal in vivo binding to benzodiazepine receptors is demonstrated as hypometabolism of glucose utilization. This functional, contrast-enhanced technique with 123I-labelled Ro 16-0154 may have an important role to play in the prediction of neuronal cell viability after recent brain infarction in experimental animals and humans using single photon emission tomography (SPET).

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Can the microsphere model by applied to cerebral blood flow measurement using N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine with SPET regardless of washout from brain tissue?

The microsphere model and the continuous withdrawal of arterial blood have commonly been used in clinical studies when measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) single photon emission tomography. The method is considered to underestimate rCBF because of the washout of tracer from brain tissue; however, the extent of this underestimation is not known. To assess whether this underestimation can be determined quantitatively, we performed simulation analysis based on the microsphere model and the two-compartment model [influx, K1(rCBF); and outflux, k2(washout)] using the time-activity curves of 123I-IMP in arterial blood [Ca(t)] of 10 subjects. With the microsphere method, rCBF values fell as time post-injection increased. The extent of underestimation of rCBF was 4.7 +/- 0.28% (mean +/- S.D.) at 5 min, 10.2 +/- 0.42% at 10 min and 15.2 +/- 0.55% at 15 min. There was little variation in the extent of underestimation and it was not dependent on the Ca(t) of the subjects. We therefore considered the results to be generally applicable to various studies of the microsphere model. As 4.7% is considered to be negligible in clinical studies, we conclude that the microsphere model can be applied to obtain accurate measurement of rCBF up to 5 min regardless of washout.

Amphetamines↗

PubMed1995

[A fundamental study of 99mTc-HMPAO double injection method and clinical application to stress scintigraphy in orthostatic hypotension].

Double injection method using brain perfusion 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT is popular one for evaluating stress scintigraphy. For appropriate evaluation of this method 555 MBq (15 mCi) of 99mTc-HMPAO was injected twice in sequence at the resting state. The first and second SPECT images were obtained 5 min after each injection. Twenty-five ROIs of 8 x 8 pixels were placed on in various regions of the first images, and calculate each counts (C1). Then the counts of the same region of the second scan were calculated (C2). One hundred and fifty ROIs/6 patients were examined. We derived the linear relationship as C2 = 1.66 x C1 + 106 (r = 0.97), where C1 and C2 represents counts of the first scan, and second scan, respectively. This results suggests that the counts of the second scan is derived from the counts of the first scan without second scanning if they are obtained in the same condition. When we applied this method to stress scintigraphy, it may be useful for evaluating the regional brain perfusion changes before and after loading instead of using subtraction technique.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[A study on accuracy of rCBF measurements using the conventional microsphere method with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine and SPECT].

To evaluate the accuracy of conventional microsphere method for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) based on the microsphere model with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and SPECT, we performed simulation analysis and clinical studies. Although the microsphere method requires early SPECT scan at a few minutes after injection of the tracer for the accurate measurement of rCBF, the conventional microsphere method, which is generally used, requires more delayed SPECT scan with long scan-duration. In the conventional microsphere method, the delayed SPECT image is corrected to the image at a few minutes after injection of the tracer by using the monitored entire brain activity. By the simulation analysis based on the 2-compartment model (influx; K1 and outflux; k2) using the input function and the entire brain activity obtained from eight subjects respectively, it was found that the conventional microsphere method overestimated the rCBF in the practical range of rCBF and Vd (= K1/k2) given in the 2-compartment model. When the values of rCBF and Vd in the 2-compartment model were given at 0.5 (ml/g/min) and 30 (ml/g) respectively, the rate of overestimation of rCBF by the conventional microsphere method was determined to be 17.3 +/- 0.7% (mean +/- S.D.). Also in clinical studies for eight subjects, the conventional microsphere method overestimated the rCBF compared with those evaluated by non-linear least squares fitting (NLLSF) analysis based on the 2-compartment model. Those results agreed well with the simulation analysis, suggesting the validity of the simulation. The rCBF values clinically estimated by the conventional method were, however, significantly correlated with those calculated by NLLSF analysis, and there were not so much difference between the two quantitative rCBF images obtained by the conventional microsphere method and the microsphere method. Therefore, we conclude that the conventional microsphere method is clinically useful in spite of the overestimation of rCBF.

Amphetamines↗

PubMed1995

131I-beta 2-microglobulin scintigraphy in patients with dialysis amyloidosis.

The noninvasive detection of amyloid deposits has recently become possible using scintigraphy with radiolabelled amyloid precursor protein (131I-beta 2-M). We studied 131I-beta 2-M scintigraphy in 15 dialysis patients with special attention to the mechanism of the localized accumulation of tracer. Scintiscans were positive in 8 of the 15 patients. Those with histologically proved amyloid deposits had positive images at the large joints with a continuous accumulation of tracer after 48, 72 and 144 hours. The most significant accumulation occurred bilaterally in the hip joints, followed by the shoulders and knees. Mild uptake was observed in the hands, elbows and feet. No apparent uptake of tracer occurred in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, pseudo-gout or AA-type amyloidosis. Three patients were operated for CTS during this study. The radioactivity of tissue excised during the operation was 2-18 times higher than that of fat or plasma. Study of synovial tissue showed that some of the cells surrounding the amyloid deposits took up the radiolabelled tracer. The present study suggests that circulating 131I-beta 2-M is taken up by the cells surrounding the amyloid deposits and detected as a positive scan. It is not known whether these cells react secondarily to amyloid deposits, or whether they take up beta 2-M and form amyloid fibrils.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Regional cerebral blood flow measured with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine single-photon emission tomography in patients with Joseph disease.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in five Japanese patients who were clinically diagnosed as having Joseph disease, also called Machado-Joseph disease or Azorean disease, using N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). Cerebellar atrophy was evaluated by a five-step rating scale as defined on X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). Compared with ten age-matched normal controls (mean cerebellar CBF +/- SD: 66.9 +/- 6.6 ml/100 g/min), rCBF in patients with Joseph disease was significantly decreased in the cerebellum (mean +/- SD: 50.2 +/- 7.3 ml/100 g/min). No significant relationship, however, was found between the decrease in rCBF in the cerebellum and the degree of cerebellar atrophy on X-CT. rCBF in the cerebellum was minimally decreased in one patient who had severe cerebellar atrophy and in two patients with moderate atrophy. These data may support the findings that Purkinje cells in the cerebellum are almost normal in Joseph disease, and that the granular and molecular layers remain intact in spite of cortical atrophy of the cerebellum. It is concluded that [123I]-IMP SPET is able to identify pathological and metabolic changes in the cerebellum that do not appear on X-CT or magnetic resonance imaging, and thus is useful for the diagnosis of Joseph disease.

Adult↗