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Biomedical subjects

I Paulhan

Publications and source records attributed to I Paulhan.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Psychological adjustment to hospitalization: factorial structure, antecedents, and outcome.

Using various methods of observation, the psychological status of 211 patients of both sexes was assessed after the surgery or treatment justifying their hospitalization. Intercorrelations of scores on 40 variables obtained to describe the state of the patients were submitted to a principal components analysis. The latter yielded a factor of maladjustment to hospitalization associated with various psychosociological antecedents of the patients and a short-term unfavorable development of their physical health. This dimension seems to correspond not just with personal characteristics but to involve the interaction of medical staff members and patients in a manner detrimental to patients' recovery.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

[Health psychology: a new approach in the understanding of health and disease].

This article aims to present health psychology, a new discipline which recently appeared in the U.S.A., then in Europe and finally in France. It is defined as the study of interactions between psychological, sociological and biological factors which are influential in the onset, course and prognosis of somatic diseases. Health psychology insists on the moderating role of processual variables in the understanding of stress-distress relationship: perceived stress, coping, perceived control, social support. The most valid assessment methods of these constructs are also presented. Its application aims to promote healthy life-styles, prevention of diseases and the improvement of the management and care of patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

[The measurement of "coping". French translation and validation of the Vitaliano's scale (Vitaliano et al. 1985)].

Coping is currently defined as "the various cognitive or behavioral efforts intended to master or tolerate the internal or external demands which threaten or go beyond the resources of a subject "(Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). The general objective of this work was to present the french version of a coping scale (Vitaliano et al., 1985) for the assessment of the different types of coping strategies which one can use when confronting an adversive event. Our population is composed of 501 adults (329 female and 172 males) of the age of 20 to 35 years. A Principal Component Analysis gave us a general factor of coping (12% V.T.) which gathers emotional focused strategies and problem focused strategies. The factorial analysis with varimax rotation confirmed the existence of 5 specific types of coping strategies. These are "solving problem" factor (9.4% V.T.), "avoidance with wishful thinking" factor (7.5% V.T.), "seeks social support" factor (6.5% V.T.), "positive reevaluation" factor (5.9% V.T.) and "self-blamed" (5.7% V.T.). These results allowed us to construct a valid questionnaire of 29 items measuring 5 types of coping strategies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The TRIG (Texas Revised Inventory of Grief) questionnaire. French translation and validation].

Bereavement and mourning are normal reactions to the loss of a loved one, characterized by specific ideas, affects, and behavior, evolving spontaneously towards resolution. This syndrome, classified as a non mental disorder (DSM IV), resembles depression. Up to now, there was no instrument for an objective assessment. The general objective of this work was to present the french version of the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, or TRIG (Faschingbauer, De Vaul & Zisook, 1981), designed to evaluate the intensity of the reaction to the loss of a loved one. Our population is composed of 154 adults of the general population (74 females and 80 males) of the age of 25 to 35 years. A principal component analysis gave us a general factor of grief (28% VT) which gathers emotional reaction to the bereavement. The factorial analysis with Varimax Rotations confirmed the existence of two specific types of grief. These are "past behavior" (reaction at the time of loss) factor (37% VT), "present feelings" (at the time of assessment by TRIG) factor (31% VT). Furthermore, another factor of "related facts" (32% VT) appeared to be in relation with the aptitude of coping. These results allowed us to construct a valid questionnaire of 25 items measuring 3 types of bereavement reactions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Grief experience by 154 young adults in the general population (value of the TRIG grief scale). Texas Revised Inventory of Grief].

154 young adults (25-35 years old) of the general population completed tests and questionnaires in order to find correlations between the scores at the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, TRIG (Faschingbauer et al. 1977) and several personality variables (depression, anxiety-state and -trait, self-esteem, locus of control, social support, and tobacco dependency). The correlation between all these variables are presented and discussed. TRIG, in its French translation and validation, proves to be a reliable and specific instrument in the assessment of bereavement (past and current distress, and coping process).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Various components of smoking behavior: construction and validation of a questionnaire].

The general objective of this work was to identify within the smoking population different types of smoking behavior and to determine the multiple pharmacological and psychosocial factors (and their interaction) which could determine these categories of behavior. Our first step was to construct a valid instrument consisting of a questionnaire (self-administered) with the goal to measure the different types of smoking behavior. The second step relevant to the multifactorial approach is actually in progress. Its objective is to determine the relation between the pharmacological and psychosocial factors that could explain the inter-individual differences for smoking behavior. In this paper we present the data obtained from the first step of our research. Our population is composed of 113 smokers of the age of 21 to 40 years to whom we presented a questionnaire "Types of Smoking Behavior" constructed during a preceding step. The data were submitted to different factorial analysis. Thus, a Principal Component Analysis gave us a general factor of smoking behavior or bipolar axis of high/low tobacco use (21.4% VT). The factorial analysis with varimax rotation confirmed the existence of 5 types of smoking behavior. These are "dependence" factor (29.1% VT), "regulation of negative affectivity "factor (11.2% VT), "increase of positive affect" factor (9.3% VT), "stimulation" factor (7.6% VT) and "social integration" factor (6.7% VT). These results allowed us to construct a valid questionnaire of 20 items measuring 5 types of smoking behavior.

Adult↗