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Biomedical subjects

I Pichlmayr

Publications and source records attributed to I Pichlmayr.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Triflupromazine-effects in electroencephalogram (author's transl)].

Changes of EEG and Computer-EEG have been studied in a group of young patients premedicated intravenously with 10 mg of Triflupromazine, Druginduced changes of cerebral function caused especially variations of alpha-amplitude, in addition an increase of delta-delta/theta- and occasionally of beta-activity. The extend of EEG-changes depended on the individual weight-orientated dosage of Triflupromazine EEG-results and clinical data of quieting and sedative effects showed-with one exception-good correlation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The effect of epidural analgesia during labour on the blood gases and acid-base balance (author's transl)].

The effect of epidural analgesia on the blood gases and acid-base balance was studied in 20 women during labour and in the newborn. The measurements were taken during the early first stage, the second and forth stage and in the newborns immediately post partum. 20 women in labour who had not been given epidural analgesia served as a control group. The values for the blood gases and the acid balance were less affected in women who had epidural analgesia, but the incidence of deliveries requiring vaginal operations was higher.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1980

[Eeg-effects of promethazine. study on 17 patients (author's transl)].

Changes in EEG and cEEG were studied in two groups of patients premedicated with promethazine in a dosage of 50 mg iv; study group A consisted of patients whose age ranged from 20-50 years and study group B of patients whose age was above 70 years. The observation time was 15 min but in a few patients only it was extended to 60 min. Changes in behaviour were clinically controlled. Blood pressure and pulse-rate measurements were taken at regular intervals. The first taken base line electroencephalogram patterns of the patients in group A were unremarkable. The recordings of the patients in group B showed a high percentage of deviation from normal. The sedative effect of promethazine showed a widespread individual variation as did also the characteristic changes in EEG frequency bands. Psychomotor side-effects were frequently seen. Characteristic changes in EEG were found to be a continuing 20%-50% decline of alpha amplitude mostly combined with an alternation of stability, or a narrowing of the frequency range in the higher beta band. In addition a light increase of delta and theta activity was observed. Blood pressure and pulse-rate showed a light increase.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[EEG effects of diazepam. Studies on 16 patients (author's transl)].

Recordings of the electrical activity of the brain were obtained by using conventional EEG and computerized EEG. Both methods of recording have been used as an indicator of the cerebral condition before and after intravenous premedication with Diazepam 20 mg. Two groups of patients were studied. The first group consisted of younger patients (Gr. A n = 8), the other of geriatric patients (Gr. B n = 8). Evaluation of EEG and CEEG was done by to experienced electroencephalographers separately. Interpretations of both methods were compared and found to correspond. In group A variations found in the baseline EEG were within normal limits and corresponded with those seen in the average population. In group B 67.5% of the examined EEG's showed variaions from normal. After intravenous premedication with Diazepam both groups of patients showed changes in the electrogrm as well as in the clinical condition. Changes in group B were more marked. Characteristic of EEG changes induced by Diazepam was a high increase of activity of beta-waves from 12-20 Hz and decrease of alpha-waves. These alterations were seen together with the clinical signs of psychical indifference and effects of sedation. A temporary activation of frequencies between 4-8 Hz was also found which indicates sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[EEG-effects of atropine. Study on 16 patients (author's transl)].

Changes of EEG and CEEG have been studied in two groups of patients premedicated with 0,5 mg atropine. Study group A (n = 8) consisted of patients whose age ranged from 20 to 50 years, study group B (n = 8) of patients above 70 years. The observaton ranged from 15 to 60 min. In addition mental condition, blood pressure and pulsrate were registrated. The base line electroencephalogram of all patients was within the normal range. Atropine caused slight changes of power. Alpha-activity decreased whereas delta- and theta-activity increased. The changes were more pronounced in young patients. The behaviour of 14 patients did not change. Two patients showed slight side-effects. Correlations of changes in the electroencephalogram and clinical behaviour could not be verified. The pulse rate measurements showed an increase, without significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[EEG-effects of pethidine-promethazine. Study on 16 patients (author's transl)].

Changes of EEG and CEEG have been studied in two groups of patients premedicated with pethidine-promethazine (dosage: 50 mg/25 mg). The study group A consisted of patients whose age ranged from 20 to 50 years; in study group B the patients age was above 70 years. Continous EEG and CEEG observation ranged from 15 minutes to several hours in a few patients. Changes in clinical behaviour were recorded. Blood pressure - pulserate - measurements were taken at regular intervals. The base line electroencephalogram of thirteen patients was normal. One dialysis-patient of group A and two old patients of group B showed deviations from normal. Characteristic changes in the electroencephalogram after the tested premedication were a decline of alpha amplitude or in primarily abnormal electroencephalographic recordings a narrowing of the frequency band in higher parts, and additionally and increase of delta/theta-activity. These changes lasted several hours. In good correlation to these findings were the clinical effects of sedation and sleep. Side effects were not seen. Remarkable changes of blood pressure and pulserate were not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[EEG effects of premedication with thalamonal. a clinical study on 16 patients (author's transl)].

Changes of EEG and cEEG have been studied in two groups of patients (n=16) premedicated with 2 ml Thalamonal iv. (dosage: 5 mg droperidol; 0.1 mg fentanyl). Study group A consisted of patients, whose age ranged from 20 to 50 years, in study group B the patients' ages were avove 70 years. EEG and cEEG observation time was 15 min in general; in a few cases on hour. Changes in clinical behaviour were registered; blood pressure and pulse-rate measurements were taken at regular intervals. The base line electroencephalogram of twelve patients was unremarkable. Four elder patients of group B showed deviations from normal. Characteristic changes in the electroencephalogram after the tested premedication were: a decent accentuation and a light shifting to lower frequency of alpha-activity; in addition a light increase of delta-frequency. In good correlation to these findings were the clinical effects of sedation and light sleep. Light side effects in behaviour were seen in one patient. The tested disage of Thalamonal i.v. lowered the blood pressure particularly in younger patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[EEG-effects of halothane. Studies on 50 patients (author's transl)].

Induction of anaesthesia with 1 vol% halothane N2O/O2 3:1 was electroencephalographically registrated in 50 patients between 20 and 80 years. Blood pressure - and pulse rate - measurements were taken at regular intervals. The clinical course of anaesthesia and changes in EEG corresponded. 4-5 min after the beginning of inhalation the first clinical and encephalographic signs were seen: The base-line-electroencephalogram changed characteristically. Weak rhythms disappeared; fast frequencies of 10-32 Hz developed accompanied by clinical excitation, and at the same time low waves of 2-4 (6) Hz increased and became dominant. Distinguishing EEG-features of deep anaesthesia: 15 min after the beginning of halothane inhalation. Here was flattening with high delta (theta) activity. Anaesthesia was lowered by intubation. EEG showed signs of alpha theta or increasing fast activity. In good correlation the blood pressure and pulse rate increased. Deviations from this general behaviour were recorded in patients in poor condition and with blood pressure levels below the need of cerebral blood flow demands.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Prevention of intra, and postoperative complications. Capabilities of the anesthesist].

Prevention of intra- and postoperative complications is one of the main tasks of the anesthesiologist. It is achieved by avoidance of specific anesthesiological dangers and mistakes and by adjustment of anesthetic techniques to the course of operation. Recognition and consideration of preexisting diseases as possible causes of complications and appropriate preoperative measures are the responsibility of the surgical-anesthesiological team. Depending on the given situation and the risk state of the patient during and after operation, special anesthetic procedures may be necessary.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1978

[Supraclavicular and subaxillar plexusanaesthesias in 821 patients. Efficiency, side-effects and complications under the aspect of the educational--engagement on a medical school (author's transl)].

Local anaesthesia of the plexus brachialis has been performed in 821 patients within a period of two years (544 times in supraclavicular and 277 times in subaxillar technique). Effectiveness and side-effects have been evaluated on the base of objective parameters, of the findings of the anaesthetist and of the judgement of the patient. Results have been compared between individual differently experienced anaesthetist. Results demonstrate a good resp. sufficient anaesthetic effectiveness in both kinds of regional anaesthetic method, depending to some extent on the individual experience. Nevertheless complications in form of pneumothorax and lesion of the nerve happen independently of the grade of the experience of the anaesthetist. To avoid the danger of pneumothorax, the subaxillar type of plexus-brachialis-anaesthesia performed as centrally as possible, is preferred to the supraclavicular type. This technique can be recommended widely.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed1977

[Blood gas studies on the efficiency of narkosepiromat 650 (dräger) (author's transl)].

Efficiency of ventilation of Spiromat 650 (Dräger) has been examined in 54 patients under general anaesthesia and relaxation during normoventilation and hyperventilation of 15 and 30% degree. Changes in the acid-base status of arterial blood were used as criteria. There was a tendency to metabolic acidosis in all kinds of ventilation-probably as a consequence of surgical trauma-which was covered by an respiratory alkalosis. In all groups arterial PCO2 was reduced about 25%, without any significant difference between results of normo- 15%-and 20% hyperventilation. Using the Spiromat 650 (Drger) as respirator to normovolemic ventialtion is recommanded for clinical use.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative studies on the efficiency of ventilation by engström-respirator ER 300 (author's transl)].

The efficiency of ventilation provided by the Engstrom-Respirator ER 300 was examined in 35 patients under general anaesthesia and relaxation during normoventilation and hyperventilation of 15% and 30%. For criteria the acid-base-status of arterial blood was used. There was a tendency to acidosis in all kinds of ventilation, probably as a consequence of surgical effects. During normoventilation the acid-base-status showed changes of low hyperventilation which are desired for security. During hyperventilation of 15% and 30%, arterial pCO2 was reduced to 30 and 27 Torr. Both situations showed no advantage over normoventilation. Using the Engstron-Respirator, normoventilation should be preferred during general anesthesia. Higher degrees of hyperventilation should be avoided because of their effects in lowering cerebral blood flow.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1976

[Hypertonic circulatory response to clinical haemodilution (author's transl)].

Preoperative haemodilution was performed in 46 patients. By exchange of 1785 ml of patient's blood with plasma substitutes, haematocrit was lowered to 24.8% mean. Cardiac output rose, the other circulatry parameters remained constant on average. 8 patients experienced, however, a circulatory reaction with acute systemic and pulmonary hypertension, peripheral vasoconstriction, and ST-depression in ECG. These cases showed a decrease in oxygen uptake. In further 42 patients haemodilution was limited to haematocrit 27%, and only three weak hypertonic reactions were observed. Therefore we recommend haemodilution to be limited to this hematocrit. Saving homologous blood transfusions is the major goal of haemodilution. In comparable surgical procedures 60-70% of patients without haemodilution are given homologous blood. In our two patient groups with haemodilution blood transfusions were necessary in 15 and 21%, respectively. Thus, haemodilution is a valuable mean of hepatitis prophylaxis by saving homologous blood transfusions. This advantage outweighs the possible risks of circulatory reactions.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMed1976

[Special problems in anaesthesia of haemodiluted patients (author's transl)].

In a series of 46 patients acute haemodilution was deliberately performed to test the validity of experimental data in clinical practice. Several metabolic and haemodynamic parameters as well as continuous registration of ECG were followed. The withdrawn blood has been exchanged by Dextran 60/PPL in equal quantities resp. by 5% human albumin. Using Dextran 60/PPL a light degree of hypervolemia (700 ml) was applied. Results confirmed that haemodilution is practicable in patients in principe. Exchange of blood by human albumin was followed by less severe side effect of haemodilution than was exchange by Dextran 60/PPL. in mild hypervolaemia. The course of haemodiluted and non haemodiluted patients during comparable surgical procedures (gastrointestinal operations) has been analysed: although measured parameters did not differ significantly between both series--except of Hb and Hk--side effects of the cardiovascular type were more frequently observed in the hemodilutiongroup. Provided there is knowledge of the dangers and side effects and special care (control monitoring) of the patients by the anesthesiologist, acute hemodilution is further recommended.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1976

[Clinical experiences with the acute normovalemic hemodilution (author's transl)].

Acute normavolemic hemodilution is a mean of autotransfusion and allow hepatitis prophylaxis in major surgical procedures which general require homologous blood transfusions. The dilutional drop in blood viscosity is followed by an increased cardiac output, while blood pressure and heart rate remain stable. The CO incerase compensates for the reduced oxygen capacity of the diluted blood. Hemodilution was applied in a total of 88 patients. In 46 cases thorough circulatory and laboratory investigations were performed. While an average of 1785 ml blood was withdrawn and replaced synchronically by plasma substitutes, hematocrit was lowered to 24.8% mean and CO rose from 4.4 to 6.01 l/min. In one half of the patients side reactions were observed that occurred in combination as a syndrome in 8 patients: rise in systemic blood pressure and pulmonary artery pressure, disproportional CO increase, peripheral vasoconstriction, and ST-depression in ECG. The possible pathomechanisms of these side reactions are discussed. A sympathetic adrenergic reaction could be excluded by catecholamine estimation. Hyposia may be assumed to be the more probable reason. Since severe side reactions only occured at hematocrit levels below 26%, the dilution waslimited lately to hct 27%. Patients with coronary heart disease, age greater than 70 years, and anemia less than 12 g% hgb were excepted. In 70% of major surgical procedures, e.g. colonic surgery, homologous blood becomes necessary, in 50% in the amount of 2-4 units. The corresponding blood loss of 1000-2000 ml may be compensated by acute normovolemic hemodilution and autotransfusion. In fact, only 15% of our patients required homologous blood transfusions.

Adult↗