PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

I R Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to I R Johnson.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Preparation for induction of labour of the unfavourable cervix with Foley catheter compared with vaginal prostaglandin.

Ripening of the unfavourable cervix prior to induction of labour using traction on a Foley catheter (32 patients) was compared with 40 mg of prostaglandin F2 alpha in Tylose gel applied to the external cervical os and held in place for 12 hours with a vaginal diaphragm (25 patients). Each patient in the above groups had a modified Bishop score of 0-3 and was randomly allocated to one or other group. Comparison was made with a further 25 patients in whom the cervical score was 4-6. Timing of amniotomy and commencement of Syntocinon infusion were equivalent for all patients. Prostaglandins conferred no advantage over Foley catheter in terms of amniotomy-delivery interval, operative delivery rate, and condition of the baby one minute after birth. The disadvantages of prostaglandins for cervical ripening are a longer preparation-delivery interval, and cost ($77 versus $4.75 for the Foley catheter). Currently, prostaglandins are not officially approved for use in Australia for induction of labour. It is suggested, therefore, that the Foley catheter is preferable for ripening the unfavourable cervix as a prelude to amniotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of Lamicel and prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel for cervical ripening before induction of labor.

The efficiency and safety of Lamicel, a new synthetic cervical ripening agent, were compared with those of intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel in a group of 80 primigravid women about to undergo induction of labor. Lamicel caused less uterine activity and fetal distress than prostaglandin gel, although the induction-delivery intervals were similar in both groups. More normal deliveries occurred in the Lamicel group than in the prostaglandin group. It is suggested that Lamicel is a useful, efficient preinduction ripening agent that is safer than intravaginal prostaglandin gel.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1985

A double-blind comparison of a new ibuprofen-codeine phosphate combination, codeine phosphate, and placebo in the relief of postepisiotomy pain.

In a double-blind single-dose study, the analgesic effect of a new ibuprofen-codeine phosphate combination was compared with those of codeine phosphate alone and placebo for the relief of moderate and severe postepisiotomy pain. In the 113 patients studied, combination therapy was superior to codeine phosphate alone and to placebo, the difference between the combination and codeine phosphate alone reaching statistical significance (P less than 0.05) after two hours. The few side effects reported were not of a serious nature.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Premenstrual syndrome: weight, abdominal swelling, and perceived body image.

One hundred forty-eight menstrual cycles were studied in 52 women, and in each cycle various parameters were measured to determine an objective means of assessing the syndrome. Daily mood assessment, body weight, plasma 17 beta-estradiol levels, and plasma progesterone levels were measured. The abdominal dimensions were measured in the lateral and anteroposterior diameters at the level of the umbilicus and 10 cm below; at the same time the same dimensions were measured as perceived by the patient. Mood score showed a marked increase during the premenstrual phase of each cycle. The symptom of bloatedness was marked during the premenstrual phase of the cycle. Despite these highly elevated scores for bloatedness there was no increase in body weight or the measured body dimensions in any plane. However, the patient's perception of body size did increase, and the discrepancy between the perceived body size and the actual body size (perception error) was significant.

Body Image↗
PubMed1984

Preoperative dilatation of the first-trimester cervix: a comparison between Lamicel and 16,16-dimethyl-trans delta 2 prostaglandin E1 methyl ester pessaries.

Both Lamicel and 16,16-dimethyl-trans delta 2 prostaglandin (PG) E1 methyl ester pessaries have recently been shown to be effective for cervical dilatation prior to first-trimester abortion. In the study described, the force required to dilate the cervix prior to vaginal termination of pregnancy was measured in three groups of patients--a control group, a group which received Lamicel , and a group which received 16,16-dimethyl-trans delta 2 PGE1 methyl ester pessaries. The total force required to dilate the cervix to 10 mm was significantly reduced in the treated groups, but there was no significant difference between the two treatment regimens. The use of Lamicel is associated with fewer side effects.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1984

Imaging the pregnant human uterus with nuclear magnetic resonance.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques have been used to produce images of the pregnant and nonpregnant human uterus. A series of pictures is presented showing the normal nonpregnant uterus and pelvic organs, the uterus and its contents in pregnancy at 17, 30, and 40 weeks' gestation, and the pelvic organs in the early puerperium. In early pregnancy the uterus and placenta are clearly seen and the dimensions and configuration of the pelvis can be readily assessed. Because of the relatively long scan time of 2 minutes, better images of the fetus were obtained in the third trimester when movement is more restricted. The potential value of this technique in obstetrics is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1984

The site of renin in the human uterus.

Renin has been known to be present in the human uterus for many years. The study reported in this paper deals with the identification of the site of renin in the human uterus by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, using anti-human renin. Cells containing renin granules have been demonstrated only in patients complaining of menorrhagia. The cells occur singly and in clusters in the interarteriolar connective tissue within myometrium adjacent to the endometrium. The cells bear a striking resemblance to those of the juxta-glomerular apparatus of the kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Seven years experience of home management in pregnancy in women with insulin-dependent diabetes.

Fifty-eight of a consecutive series of 75 pregnancies in women with insulin-dependent diabetes went into the third trimester. Diabetes was managed by home blood glucose monitoring and women were not routinely admitted at any stage before delivery. The mean number of in-patient days before delivery was 15 for the whole series but has been reduced to 9 during the past four years. Each woman performed an average of 171 blood glucose measurements during her pregnancy. Mean blood glucose (including post-prandial levels) fell significantly from 7.9 mmol/l in the first trimester to 7.3 in the second and 6.4 in the third. Mean percentage of haemoglobin A1 was within the normal range in the second and third trimesters. The cesarean section rate was high at 66% but there were no perinatal deaths. Three infants had congenital abnormalities. We conclude that home blood glucose monitoring is a safe and effective way of managing pregnant diabetic women as out-patients. The cost of meters and sticks is repaid many times over in the saving of hospital costs. In addition, home blood glucose monitoring is popular with the patients and many choose to continue it after delivery.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

Imaging ovarian tumours by nuclear magnetic resonance.

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of ovarian tumours has been studied in a group of seven patients with ovarian masses and several healthy volunteers who provided examples of normal pelvic anatomy. In three patients, benign unilocular ovarian cysts were demonstrated and in three patients, recurrent ovarian tumours were identified and the extent of the tumours defined. One patient with bilateral ovarian endometriomas was imaged. Endometrial cysts, like masses in other systems which contain blood or lipid-rich material, show high-density images whereas malignant tumours show tissue densities closer to those of normal tissues. The potential value of this technique in the assessment of pelvic disease is discussed.

Endometriosis↗
PubMed1983

Lamicel: a new technique for cervical dilatation before first trimester abortion.

Mechanical dilation of the cervix can be both difficult and dangerous and has potentially serious complications. Lamicel, a synthetic hydrophilic polymer, was inserted into the cervix between 2 and 24 h before termination by vacuum aspiration in the first trimester in 48 nulliparae. A control group of 12 nulliparae were not treated with Lamicel. The force needed to dilate the cervix, accurately measured with a specifically designed force-measuring instrument, was found to be significantly reduced in all treated groups. The greatest rate of dilatation occurred within the first 2 h after insertion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1980

Renin substrate, active and acid-activatable renin concentrations in human plasma and endometrium during the normal menstrual cycle.

Renin substrate, active and total renin concentrations were measured in plasma and endometrial samples obtained from 101 patients, all of whom were having normal menstrual cycles. The endometrial samples were found to contain all of these components of the renin-angiotensin system in considerably higher concentrations than those found in the plasma. There was no correlation between the plasma and endometrial concentrations of any of these substances and it is suggested that they may be produced locally in the endometrium. A marked increase in the angiotensin producing potential of the endometrium was noted immediately before menstruation, indicating a possible function in the control of endometrial blood flow.

Angiotensinogen↗
PubMed1980

Renin substrate, active and acid-activatable renin concentrations in human plasma and endometrium during menstrual cycles controlled by oral contraceptive preparations.

Measurements of active and acid-activatable renin concentrations and renin substrate concentrations in plasma and endometrial samples taken from 31 patients are described. All of these patients were taking oestrogen-containing oral contraceptive preparations. Plasma active renin concentration was lower in these cycles than in normal cycles and the substrate concentrations higher. In the endometrium the concentrations of all of the components of the system were raised by oral contraceptives. As with normal cycles, the maximum potential for production of the angiotensins was in the premenstrual stage of the cycle. It is suggested that this increase in potential is associated with the onset of menstruation.

Angiotensinogen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multilevel modeling of fetal and placental growth using echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify longitudinal increases in fetal, fetal liver, and fetal brain volume using echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging and to quantify the results using appropriate statistical modeling. METHODS: Fifty-six singleton fetuses were studied using echo-planar (snap-shot) magnetic resonance imaging, between 19 weeks and term. They were assessed at a variety of different gestations and on a different number of occasions, thereby requiring multilevel statistical modeling to analyze the pattern of fetal growth. RESULTS: Fetal volume varied according to the following equation: square root (radical) [fetal volume]=-37.71+2.17 x gestational age (GA)-0.004 x GA(2). The equation for fetal liver volume was radical[fetal liver volume]=9.47+0.56 x GA-0.02 x GA(2), for fetal brain volume was radical[fetal brain volume]=15.50+0.69 x GA-0.014 x GA(2), and for placental volume radical[placental volume]=28.54+0.95 x GA-0.039 x GA(2), where GA is the gestational age in weeks -30. CONCLUSION: The assessment of fetal, fetal organ, and placental volume was feasible using echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging from 20 weeks to term. Multilevel statistical modeling can be applied to analyze sets of data with different measurements on different occasions. This information is useful clinically to assess abnormal fetal growth.

Adult↗