Motor and somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the rat.
An accurate neurophysiological technique that is able to monitor both the sensory and motor tracts of the spinal cord is required to assess patients with injury or other lesions of the cord, and for the evaluation of experimental studies of cord injury. We have recorded and characterized the motor and somatosensory evoked potentials (MEPs and SSEPs) from 20 normal rats and from 16 rats with cord lesions. MEPs were elicited by applying constant current anodal stimuli to the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) with the responses recorded from microelectrodes in the spinal cord at T10 (MEP-C) and from a bipolar electrode placed on the contralateral sciatic nerve (MEP-N). SSEPs were elicited by stimulating the sciatic nerve and were recorded from the cord at T10 and the contralateral SMC. The MEP-C consisted of an initial D wave (mean latency 1.21 +/- 0.12 msec and 4 subsequent I waves, 11-14). The D wave was elicited at stimulation frequencies exceeding 100 Hz. The initial positive wave of the MEP-N (mean latency 3.09 +/- 0.19 msec) was followed by several slower components which were attenuated by repetition rates exceeding 8.2 Hz. The grand mean SSEP consisted of 7 peaks. Sectioning of the dorsal columns abolished the SSEP but spared the MEP. Complete cord transection abolished both the MEP and SSEP. These experiments demonstrate that the combined recording of MEPs and SSEPs is an accurate and easily performed method of monitoring the functional integrity of the rat cord, and suggest that this technique would be of value in patients, especially those undergoing operative treatment of spinal lesions.