Method to determine UVA protection for normal skin.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
I R Scott
Publications and source records attributed to I R Scott.
The use of intravenous cholangiography in teaching hospitals: a survey.
Thirty academic radiology departments active in biliary imaging were surveyed to document how frequently intravenous cholangiography (IVC) was being performed. Over a 10-year period the number of examinations has decreased precipitously from approximately 1728 in 1976 to 8 in 1986. This coincides with the increased availability of alternative procedures. The availability of new contrast agents with improved diagnostic yield and decreased toxicity suggests that its use may have been prematurely abandoned.
Cholangiography↗
Pacemaker electrode repositioning using the loop-snare technique.
Using a percutaneous femoral vein approach under fluoroscopic control, a malpositioned ventricular pacemaker electrode was released from the right ventricular wall by hooking the lead with a deflecting wire inserted into a RIM catheter. A closed loop was formed by tightening the handle of the wire allowing the electrode to be dislodged and pulled into the inferior vena cava. The electrode was then snared using a loop formed by an exchange wire advanced through an 8 French catheter with a J-curve steamed at its tip. The electrode was advanced to the right ventricular apex and released by advancing one end of the snare wire while pulling the other end to open the loop.
Aged↗
Evidence for filaggrin as a component of the cell envelope of the newborn rat.
A substrate of transglutaminase, specific to the epidermis, was identified, by fluorescent and radioactive labelling with the lysine analogues dansylcadaverine and [14C]putrescine respectively, in newborn-rat epidermal homogenates and whole-skin organ cultures. The labelled analogues were preferentially incorporated into the stratum-corneum protein filaggrin in a Ca2+-dependent manner in both 'in vitro' systems. When filaggrin was labelled in vivo with [3H]histidine and then incubated with rat epidermal preparations, the label was rendered SDS/thiol-insoluble. Incorporation of [3H]filaggrin into the insoluble envelope fraction was Ca2+-dependent and inhibited by EDTA and exogenous amines. Antisera to newborn-rat filaggrin cross-reacted with purified newborn-rat cell envelopes, and this reaction was blocked by adsorbing the antiserum with purified filaggrin. Quantification of the 'envelope-bound' filaggrin showed it to be a significant component, accounting for approx. 10% of the cell-envelope protein.
Animals↗
Does catabolism of stratum corneum proteins yield functionally active molecules?
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Animals↗
Resectable stage III lung cancer: CT, surgical, and pathologic correlation.
The new International Staging System identifies a subset of patients with stage III lung cancer who have improved survival rates after surgical resection. The computed tomographic (CT), surgical, and pathologic findings in 26 patients with completely resected stage IIIa lung cancer were reviewed. Preoperative CT scans accurately demonstrated chest wall invasion in only two of ten patients with chest wall or diaphragmatic invasion. CT demonstrated pericardial involvement in only one of three patients. Tumor extension to within 2 cm of the tracheal carina was seen with CT in one of three patients. Eleven of 26 patients had limited ipsilateral mediastinal (N2) disease; eight of 11 had affected nodes greater then 10 mm on CT scans. As previously shown, CT is of limited value in the assessment of chest wall, mediastinal, pleural, or pericardial tumor extension; however, such extension does not preclude complete resection. Ipsilateral node involvement does not preclude surgery. Familiarity with the new staging system and awareness of what constitutes potentially resectable disease are necessary for an adequate assessment of CT findings.
Adult↗
Ruptured breast implant: computed tomographic and mammographic findings.
We report the computed tomographic and mammographic findings in a patient with a ruptured breast implant. The diagnosis was made by recognition of alteration in prosthesis contour, collapse of the prosthesis envelope, and the presence of free silicone in the breast and axillary region.
Breast↗
Filaggrin breakdown to water binding compounds during development of the rat stratum corneum is controlled by the water activity of the environment.
Filaggrin is a specific epidermal protein which is the precursor of the free amino acids, urocanic acid and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid which are largely responsible for the ability of the stratum corneum of the skin to remain hydrated at low environmental humidity. The distribution of filaggrin shown by immunofluorescence in the stratum corneum of the rat changed dramatically during the first hours of postnatal life. During late foetal development, filaggrin accumulated through the entire thickness of the stratum corneum, indicating that there was a block on the subsequent processing of the protein which normally would convert it to free amino acids. Immediately after birth this block was lifted and normal proteolysis of the filaggrin took place in the outer part of the stratum corneum, leaving the normal adult pattern of a thin zone of cells containing filaggrin at the bottom of the stratum corneum. This activation of filaggrin proteolysis was dependent on the drop in external water activity caused by the transition from an aqueous environment in utero to a dryer environment after birth and it could be blocked by maintaining a 100% humidity atmosphere around the newborn rat after birth. In isolated stratum corneum in vitro, filaggrin proteolysis took place only between 80 and 95% relative humidity, both higher and lower relative humidity blocked the proteolysis. Application of occlusive patches to adult rats prevented the normal proteolysis of filaggrin, indicating that this mechanism controls not only the massive filaggrin proteolysis occurring after birth but also the proteolysis occurring during normal stratum corneum maturation. The stratum corneum therefore has the ability to respond to changes in external humidity by altering the level of the stratum corneum where it converts its reserves of filaggrin into water binding amino acids, such that under humid conditions water binding components will be produced in only the most superficial stratum corneum, or even not produced at all.
Aging↗
Alterations in the metabolism of filaggrin in the skin after chemical- and ultraviolet-induced erythema.
We have investigated the effect on the normal synthesis and metabolism of filaggrin of treatment of guinea pig skin with a chemical irritant, hexadecane, or with erythemal doses of UV radiation. Examination of the skin by immunofluorescence with an antiserum against filaggrin demonstrates 3 phases of the response. The first phase is an apparent stabilization of the filaggrin present at the time of treatment. Thus, a zone of stratum corneum is produced which moves up toward the skin surface over the days following treatment, without the loss of immunoreactivity which normally results from the metabolism of filaggrin to free amino acids. The second phase of the reaction, which occurs during the first day after treatment, is a loss of immunoreactive material from the upper viable epidermis, which results over the next day in the formation of a zone of filaggrin-deficient stratum corneum. The third phase, 2-3 days after the treatment, is the reestablishment of immunoreactivity in the newly re-formed granular layer, followed by the formation of an immunoreactive zone at the bottom of the stratum corneum. This zone remains very thin despite the rapid passage of cells through it. This shows that the filaggrin being formed during this phase of the reaction is being broken down normally as the stratum corneum matures. Investigations of the kinetics of filaggrin synthesis and breakdown using a [3H]histidine pulse/chase method, confirm the impression gained from immunofluorescence studies that the time between formation and breakdown of the filaggrin is much reduced in the hyperplastic epidermis resulting from the irritation. Thus, although the hyperplasia is reflected in a thickening of malpighian and granular layers of the epidermis, it does not result in any thickening of the filaggrin-positive zone at the bottom of the stratum corneum. This suggests the action of a control mechanism designed to prevent the extension of this filaggrin-positive zone into the upper stratum corneum.
Alkanes↗
Late paraplegia as a consequence of intraaortic balloon pump support.
There have been several reports of paraplegia after intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in the surgical literature. In each instance, the paraplegia occurred during the period of counterpulsation support. We describe a patient in whom late paraplegia occurred three days after the removal of an intraaortic balloon catheter.
Aged↗
Metabolism and the triggering of germination of Bacillus megaterium. Concentrations of amino acids, organic acids, adenine nucleotides and nicotinamide nucleotides during germination.
A considerable amount of evidence suggests that metabolism of germinants or metabolism stimulated by them is involved in triggering bacterial-spore germination. On the assumption that such a metabolic trigger might lead to relatively small biochemical changes in the first few minutes of germination, sensitive analytical techniques were used to detect any changes in spore components during the L-alanine-triggered germination of Bacillus megaterium KM spores. These experiments showed that no changes in spore free amino acids or ATP occurred until 2-3 min after L-alanine addition. Spores contained almost no oxo acids (pyruvate, alpha-oxoglutarate, oxaloacetate), malate or reduced NAD. These compounds were again not detectable until 2-3 min after addition of germinants. It is suggested, therefore, that metabolism associated with these intermediates is not involved in the triggering of germination of this organism.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
Metabolism and the triggering of germination of Bacillus megaterium. Use of L-[3H]alanine and tritiated water to detect metabolism.
L-[2,3-3H]Alanine was used to probe for metabolism of alanine during triggering of germination of spores of Bacillus megaterium KM. No detectable incorporation of label into any compound, including water, was found, indicating that any metabolism involving the alanine germinant must be at a very low rate and also that alanine racemase is absent from spores of this strain. Spores were germinated in 3H2O to find if any of the many metabolic reactions causing irreversible incorporation of 3H into reaction products took place during triggering of germination. No incorporation was detected until 2-3 min after addition of germinants. It is therefore concluded that a wide variety of metabolic routes, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway and amino acid metabolism are either not involved in the reactions causing the triggering of germination or operate at an extremely low rate during this process.
Alanine↗
Study of calcium dipicolinate release during bacterial spore germination by using a new, sensitive assay for dipicolinate.
The release of calcium and dipicolinic acid from spores of Bacillus megaterium KM during L-alanine-induced triggering of germination has been studied using a new, simple, and rapid assay for dipicolinic acid capable of detecting a concentration of 0.5 micron. The release of both calcium and dipicolinate started within seconds of exposure of the spores to L-alanine, thus preceding other measurable changes associated with germination. From the earliest times, the two substances were released in equimolar quantities, although later in germination calcium predominated.
Bacillus megaterium↗
Rapid, chloramphenicol-resistant, activation of membrane electron transport on germination of Bacillus spores.
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Bacillus megaterium↗