Biomedical subjects

I Ramzy

Publications and source records attributed to I Ramzy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Ultrasound for detecting Schistosoma haematobium urinary tract complications: comparison with radiographic procedures.

Chronic infection with Schistosoma haematobium primarily causes urinary tract complications. These lesions are often silent or ignored and not detected until irreversible changes have occurred. However, early chemotherapy can prevent progression and usually reverse all but the more severe abnormalities. Recently, abdominal ultrasound has been shown to be an inexpensive, portable and safe means of detecting schistosomal morbidity. A prospective study was performed on 40 patients comparing abdominal radiography, excretory urography (IVP), cystoscopy and ultrasound to detect urinary tract morbidity due to S. haematobium infection. Ultrasound was as sensitive as an IVP in detecting bladder masses, hydronephrosis and renal stones. It detected hydroureter less frequently (sensitivity 62.5%) than an IVP but visualized this lesion and hydronephrosis in some patients with nonfunctioning kidneys. Ultrasound demonstrated bladder stones as well as an x-ray but it detected bladder wall calcification with less sensitivity (65%) and was much less sensitive (12.5%) for detecting ureteral stones.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Synchronous papillary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endocervix and fallopian tubes.

A unique case of synchronous, trifocal mucinous papillary adenocarcinoma involving the uterine cervix and both fallopian tubes is presented. Unequivocal carcinoma in situ changes are demonstrated in all three primary sites. A discussion of synchronous development of malignancies of the female genital tract and differentiation from contiguous or metastatic spread of a single primary focus follows.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1991

Intrauterine release of oestriol in castrated rhesus monkeys induces local but not peripheral oestrogenic effects: a possible approach for the treatment and prevention of Asherman's syndrome.

Two types of oestrogen-medicated intrauterine devices (IUD) were studied in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. An oestradiol (E2) fibre-wrapped IUD that released E2 at a rate of 3.57 micrograms/cm/day, or an oestriol (E3) fibre-wrapped IUD that releases E3 at a rate of 6.4 micrograms/cm/day, was inserted in eight animals and left in place for 4 weeks. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), E2 and E3 were determined by radioimmunoassay for 1 week before the IUD insertion, during the time the IUD was in place, and for 3 weeks after its removal. Uterine histology was performed at the time of IUD insertion and removal by light and transmission electron microscopy. Both E2 and E3 IUDs induced similar histological changes in the uterus, i.e. four- to five-fold increase in endometrial thickness, a shift of the gland/stroma ratio from 1:4 to 1:1, transformation to a marked pseudostratified epithelium with pronounced coiling of the glands, appearance of subnuclear and luminal secretion and, finally, change from spindle-dense stromal cells to plump eosinophilic cells. Oestradiol fibre-wrapped IUDs produced circulating E2 levels of 150-200 pg/ml during the entire 4 weeks. FSH and LH levels were decreased to an average of 55% and 65% from a castration baseline (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Oestriol fibre-wrapped IUDs produced circulating E3 levels of 100-250 pg/ml. However, FSH and LH levels were not altered in this group. The specific local oestrogenic effect of E3-IUDs without affecting the pituitary secretion of gonadotrophins, suggests their possible application in cases in which an exclusively oestrogenic effect at the uterine level, such as in Asherman's syndrome, is desired.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Gynecologic cytology. Practical considerations and limitations.

Diagnostic problems arise as a result of overlap of cytologic criteria of some squamous and glandular lesions of the female genital tract, lack of experience, or an overzealous attempt to interpret some features. This article emphasizes the role and limitations of cytology in the diagnosis of neoplasia and preneoplasia of squamous and glandular elements of the uterus. Sampling techniques greatly influence the pathologist's ability to interpret the material. The classifications and cytologic features of preneoplastic and neoplastic squamous and glandular epithelia, including the new Bethesda System for reporting, are reviewed. Problems in interpretation, particularly of nondysplastic conditions that mimic true neoplasia, and reasons for false-negative and false-positive results are discussed.

Chlamydia Infections↗

PubMed1989

Cytogenetic abnormalities common to adenocarcinoma metastatic to the pleura.

Recently, i(8q) was suggested to be a nonrandom chromosomal abnormality characteristic of adenocarcinoma of the lung. To further investigate this observation, a chromosomal analysis of five cases of pleural effusions representing metastatic adenocarcinoma from different primary sites (two lung, two breast, and one stomach) was undertaken. The i(8q) occurred in three of the tumors, one from each of the three different primary sites. In addition, abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 3 and extra copies of chromosome 7, both of which have been associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung, were simultaneously present in the same three tumors. Our findings demonstrate that i(8q) is not specific for adenocarcinoma of the lung and that it may have a role in the pathogenesis of adenocarcinomas from multiple organs. The simultaneous presence of i(8q), abnormalities of 3p, and extra copies of chromosome 7 may indicate a relationship among these abnormalities in multistep carcinogenesis or the development of metastatic potential.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Transbronchial fine-needle aspiration. Reliability and limitations.

Transbronchial needle aspiration is a new method of sampling pulmonary, paratracheal, and mediastinal masses. A total of 116 aspirations of the lung performed during a two-and-a-half-year period were reviewed. The results were compared with those of bronchial wash, bronchial brush, sputum, transbronchial forceps biopsy, and histologic material subsequently obtained during surgery or at autopsy. Clinical information was also reviewed. Transbronchial needle aspiration was performed on 104 patients, yielding 116 specimens. With the use of a combination of aspiration, wash, brush, sputum, and forceps biopsy, malignancy was detected in 48 patients. Open biopsy, mediastinoscopy, and transcutaneous needle aspiration increased the number of malignant neoplasms detected to 72. The tumors were detected in 67% of these 72 cases by a combination of all bronchoscopic methods. Transbronchial aspiration correctly identified 36% of malignant cases compared with 35% identified by wash, 39% by brush, 25% by sputum, and 59% by forceps biopsy. The overall accuracy of the techniques was 56% for aspiration, 48% for wash, 56% for brush, 35% for sputum, and 71% for forceps biopsy. Malignant cases were associated with cellular transbronchial aspirates, good preservation of cell detail, and a high degree of cytologic/histologic correlation regarding cell type. Transbronchial fine-needle aspiration has the potential for improving the diagnostic ability of bronchoscopy. However, the high incidence of false negative diagnoses is the main limitation for the technique, and the responsible factors are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Androgen receptors in biopsy specimens of prostate adenocarcinoma. Heterogeneity of distribution and relation to prognostic significance of receptor measurements for survival of advanced cancer patients.

Needle biopsy specimens of primary adenocarcinoma and surgical specimens of carcinomatous nodal tissue were obtained from previously untreated clinical D stage prostatic adenocarcinoma patients. Assessment of the relation between specimen androgen receptor site content and survival using either scatterplots or Kaplan-Meier analyses showed specimen receptor content was a poor prognostic P greater than 0.1, of survival subsequent to orchiectomy or diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy. The possibility that heterogeneity of specimen androgen receptor site content contributed to this finding was evaluated by comparing receptor content of multiple small or large tissue specimens from the same prostate gland of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or nonmetastatic prostatic cancer. This evaluation showed significant microheterogeneity of human prostate androgen receptor site content which was substantially masked in large tissue specimens. We conclude that microheterogeneity of human prostate androgen receptor site content compromises the use of biopsy specimen androgen receptor measurements as a prognostic of patient survival subsequent to initiation of hormonal therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1987

A microbiologic and clinical study of placental inflammation at term.

This study describes the relationships between histologically evident inflammation of the placenta, membranes, and umbilical cords, and correlates these lesions with clinical outcome and with amniotic fluid and amniotic membrane cultures in pregnancies at risk for clinical infection. The overall frequency of inflammation in 123 placentas was 85.45%. There were good interrelationships between inflammatory lesions at various sites. Membrane infiltrates of 3+ were seen in 90.9% of intra-amniotic infection cases, but in only 18.4% of asymptomatic patients (P less than .001). Conversely, 76.9% of patients with 3+ inflammation had intra-amniotic infection, whereas only 7% with lesser degrees of inflammation had intra-amniotic infection. Inflammation of any degree (1-3+) had a low specificity (28%) for febrile maternal outcome. Bacteria were recovered in 117 (95.1%) of the amniotic fluids. The grade of histologic lesions was associated with total colony count of bacteria in amniotic fluid (P less than .05) and with high-virulence bacteria in amniotic fluid (P less than .05), and Mycoplasma hominis in amniotic fluid (P less than .05). Bacteria were found in 67.6% and mycoplasmas in 18.6% of amniotic membrane cultures. Chlamydia trachomatis was not recovered in any of 35 amniotic membrane cultures. No significant correlation was seen between organisms in the amniotic membrane and histologic inflammation. Thus, positive amniotic fluid culture results are associated with histologic inflammation, and may cause the inflammatory response. A logistic regression model revealed that predictors of histologic inflammation include maternal diagnosis, amniotic fluid colony count, and M hominis in amniotic fluid.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Pilomatrixoma. Cytologic features with differential diagnostic considerations.

Pilomatrixoma are neoplasms of the hair cortical cells. They are most common during the first two decades of life and, usually, involve the head, neck, and upper extremities. These tumors may be encountered during aspiration biopsy of subcutaneous masses, and are, occasionally, confused with other neoplasms, particularly squamous cell carcinomas and epidermal inclusion cysts. The cytologic features of three such neoplasms are presented, and the characteristics that differentiate them from other benign and malignant lesions of the skin are discussed. The presence of two cell populations, the anucleated shadow cells and the basaloid cells, which lack nuclear features of malignancy, is fairly specific for pilomatrixoma. In addition, the specimens obtained from aspiration may be misinterpreted as originating from a hyperplastic lymph node in view of the intense chronic inflammatory and foreign body reaction seen in the background. Calcific deposits that lack lamellations, unlike psammoma bodies, help in establishing the definitive diagnosis of these benign neoplasms.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

An estrogen-regulated protein in normal and malignant endometrium.

The presence and distribution of a protein with a mol. wt of 24,000 (24K) was determined in endometrial biopsies from regularly cycling women and in women with endometrial carcinoma. This protein, of as yet unknown function and originally found in a breast cancer cell line, was detected by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody. In regularly cycling women, the 24K protein began to appear in the glandular epithelium during the late proliferative phase and decreased after ovulation. In contrast, in the superficial epithelium, the strongest immunostaining was observed during the secretory phase. Superficial epithelial cells expressed maximal 24K immunoreactivity around day 21 of the cycle and it was clearly seen in the bulbous projections of the apical cytoplasm. These results suggest that the 24K protein may be a marker for hormonal events in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle. In endometrial carcinoma, 24K was correlated with low tumor histologic grade, few mitotic figures, few nucleoli and a low degree of nuclear pleomorphism. These data suggest that 24K may be a potential marker of tumor differentiation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1986

Squamous cells in needle aspirates of subcutaneous lesions: a diagnostic problem.

Analysis of 1,000 cases of fine-needle aspiration biopsies of subcutaneous lesions revealed 430 cases diagnosed as malignant. Squamous cell carcinoma represented 37% of the malignant neoplasms, and many of these cases were highly differentiated tumors. Although the presence of keratinized squamous cells in superficial aspirates is strongly suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma, other lesions may produce atypical squamous cells on aspiration biopsy and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. These include acanthotic ameloblastomas, metaplastic adenocarcinomas and Warthin's tumors, branchial cleft cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and epidermal inclusion cysts. Two-needle aspirates from these cases were incorrectly interpreted as squamous cell carcinoma. The cytologic and some of the histologic characteristics of these lesions that may pose a diagnostic problem are presented. Careful evaluation of nuclear and cytoplasmic features, cellular background, clinical findings, and history is essential to avoid a false positive diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1986

Anatomy and pathology of tubal pregnancy.

The prevalence of tubal pregnancy has increased markedly during the past decade. The reasons for this are obscure. A systematic gross and histopathologic study of 25 consecutive ectopic pregnancies has been performed using a clearing method not used previously for this purpose. In addition, the presence of the corpus luteum and its location in reference to the tubal pregnancy are documented. Results indicate that trophoblastic spread was predominantly intraluminal in 67% of cases. Intratubal hemorrhage, generally in parallel to trophoblastic spread, often led to marked tubal destruction. Histologic evidence of salpingitis was noted in only seven of 24 specimens (29%). The corpus luteum was contralateral to the ectopic pregnancy in five of 21 cases (23.8%). Clinical correlates and areas of future research are discussed. Results indicate that segmental resection of the tubal pregnancy is appropriate in selected cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

A new marker of maturation in the cervix: the estrogen-regulated 24K protein.

The presence of an estrogen-regulated protein (24K) in normal, dysplastic, metaplastic, and neoplastic cervical epithelium correlates with histologic criteria for squamous cell maturation. The 24K protein, originally discovered in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, was studied in 51 cases by the modified immunoperoxidase Avidin-Biotin Complex method, using an anti-24K mouse monoclonal antibody. Immunostained sections were compared to hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections cut from the same tissue block. The 24K protein was observed to be located primarily in the parabasal or "prickle cell layer" of normal cervical tissue (6 of 7 normal cervical tissue specimens tested were positive for 24K protein. Specimens were obtained from surgery for nonneoplastic causes) and in all cases (12 of 12) of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Intercellular bridges of these cells showed prominent immunostaining in normal cervix and dysplasia. 24K protein was observed as a granular cytoplasmic stain in all cases of squamous metaplasia (5 of 5) and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (9 of 9), and in 8 of 14 cases of nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. In this latter group, immunostaining was confined to only those cells showing cytoplasmic eosinophilia on H&E sections. In no case was the presence of the 24K protein associated with areas of mature keratin. 24K immunostaining was also observed in the reserve cells of morphologically normal endocervical glands adjacent to areas of dysplasia and carcinoma. We conclude that 24K protein is associated with squamous cell maturation and may be an important marker of reserve cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Presence of an estrogen-regulated protein in endometrial cancer.

The presence of an estrogen-regulated protein of Mr 24,000 (24K) was studied in 43 patients diagnosed as having endometrial adenocarcinoma. using an anti-24K monoclonal antibody, a modified immunoperoxidase system (avidinbiotin complex) was used to detect the presence of 24K in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The positivity for 24K was correlated with low tumor histologic grade, few mitotic figures, few nucleoli, and a low degree of nuclear pleomorphism. These data suggest that 24K may be a potential marker of tumor differentiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1984

Needle aspiration biopsy: role and limitations in surgical decision making.

A total of 464 fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens in 450 patients was studied. The majority of these aspirates were performed by the pathologist. The technic was 95% sensitive, 99.5% specific, and 97.0% accurate when correlated with histopathology or long-term follow-up. The complication rate was 0.9% and occurred only when needles larger than #22 were used to aspirate lung lesions resulting in pneumothorax. A flow chart for the role of needle biopsy in investigating masses of various organs is presented, together with some illustrative examples. In the current atmosphere of cost-containment, this inexpensive yet fast and accurate technic should play an important role in surgical decision making. However, pathologists and clinicians should be aware of the limitations and should not hesitate in obtaining an open biopsy when necessary, particularly when clinical suspicion for malignancy is not confirmed by the aspiration, in view of the small but significant (4.9%) false-negative rate.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

CT appearance of multifocal hepatic steatosis.

The CT appearance of focal and diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver has been described in recent radiologic literature. Previous reports of focal steatosis have emphasized the differential diagnosis of the solitary lesion. We report a case of multifocal hepatic involvement and describe a new radiologic sign that is useful in differentiating this process from neoplasia.

Aged↗

PubMed1983

Localized eosinophilic myositis of the masseter muscle associated with actinomycosis.

A case of eosinophilic myositis of the masseter associated with pseudotumor and trismus is presented. Extensive eosinophilic infiltrates of the masseter are rarely observed in the absence of parasitic infection or the hypereosinophilic syndrome. This case is reported because of the rarity of the phenomenon and its importance to the surgeon from the standpoint of differential diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of the condition and its relation to other lesions of muscle associated with eosinophilic infiltration are discussed.

Actinomycosis↗

PubMed1983

Inability of cytoplasmic or nuclear androgen receptor content or distribution to distinguish benign from carcinomatous human prostate.

We used exchange saturation analysis at 15 degrees to quantitate total cytoplasmic and nuclear androgen receptor content of 70 patient specimens. Cytoplasmic androgen receptor contents (fmol/mg DNA) for eight specimens of clinically benign hyperplasia, 14 specimens of histologically hyperplastic prostate obtained at cystoprostatectomy, and carcinomatous and noncarcinomatous prostate obtained at radical prostatectomy for prostatic carcinoma, 48 specimens, respectively, were 830 +/- 165 (mean +/- S.E.), 890 +/- 445, 955 +/- 240, and 750 +/- 95. Nuclear androgen receptor contents of these same specimens, respectively, were 275 +/- 40, 235 +/- 30, 345 +/- 25, and 350 +/- 30; whereas, the values of the cytoplasmic/nuclear receptor content, respectively, were 3.25 +/- 0.55, 3.05 +/- 0.80, 2.50 +/- 0.50, and 2.80 +/- 0.40. Multiway analyses of variance of these cross-sectional data showed that there was no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) between group mean values. This result principally reflects the fact that the families of values for the four tissue groups were highly heterogenous with broad overlap. The results would not appear to be unduly influenced by carcinomatous epithelial cell content of the specimens, because cytoplasmic and nuclear androgen receptor content were not related to specimen carcinomatous epithelial cell content. Paired analyses of receptor content in carcinomatous and noncarcinomatous prostate specimens from the same prostate showed enhanced or unchanged receptor content in 58% (cytoplasmic) and 62% (nuclear) of specimens. Our studies show that cross-sectional analyses of androgen receptor content fail to distinguish carcinomatous prostate from noncarcinomatous prostate. However, paired analyses of these tissues from the same gland identify distinguishing differences. The clinical relevance of these observations remains to be examined.

Cell Nucleus↗