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Biomedical subjects

I Rappaport

Publications and source records attributed to I Rappaport.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Total and subtotal glossectomy: function after microvascular reconstruction.

Twelve patients with advanced carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and tongue were treated with total (five patients) or subtotal (seven patients) glossectomy, partial mandibulectomy, and immediate reconstruction with the microvascular composite groin flap. The osteomusculocutaneous groin flap was used in eleven patients, and the osteomuscular flap was used in one patient. The groin musculocutaneous or muscle flap was designed to resemble the shape of the tongue for dynamic food transport, improved swallowing, and acceptable speech. Eight of the 12 patients who survived more than 1 year were evaluated for speech and swallowing. Eight patients were able to speak intelligibly, six patients could tolerate a soft/pureed diet, and two patients were limited to fluids. Cinefluorographic swallow studies using semisolid contrast material showed voluntary active intraoral transport and propulsive pharyngeal emptying without aspiration in six patients with complete flap to palate contact; the remaining two patients were unable to move the intraoral contrast material effectively for swallowing because of poor palatal contact.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of a goldfish antigen during development and regeneration of the visual system.

Normal, regenerating, and developing optic nerves of the goldfish were studied utilizing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1E1T which has specificity for Müller cells in the retina, radial glial cells in the tectum, and non-neuronal cells in the optic nerve. Sections of the normal optic nerve revealed longitudinally oriented chains of non-neuronal cells, that were 4-8 cells long. The number of chains in the normal nerve was very few. In addition, short acellular septa, probably the connective tissue septa, were also labeled with mAb 1E1T. Sections of crushed optic nerves showed an increase in the antigen recognized by mAb 1E1T within the septa and new septa were now visualized. Furthermore, the existing septa were longer and extended the length of the optic nerve. The formation and elongation of the septa occurred as early as 3 day postcrush. Between 3 and 11 d postcrush, there was heavy labeling of the septa and a large accumulation of non-neuronal cells at the crush site. At 3 months postcrush, the accumulation of non-neuronal cells labeled by mAb 1E1T were no longer visible but heavy labeling of the septa was still apparent.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A monoclonal antibody specific for the visual system of the goldfish.

Although several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been reported that recognize antigens present in ganglion cells of the mammalian retina, these MAbs do not cross-react in the goldfish. In the current study we have identified a MAb that recognized a 14.4 kDa antigen that is present on the ganglion cells in the retinae of goldfish but is absent from the retinae of all other species that were tested. No other cell type in the goldfish retina or optic nerve was labeled with this MAb. Furthermore, the axons in the optic nerve, optic tract and the terminal layers in the optic tectum were labeled.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Persistent oral antral fistulas.

Oral antral fistulas that have been already subjected to previous attempts at closure have been difficult to treat. Gold foil, bony plugs, and other materials have been used for many years to close these fistulas. Because of all of the various techniques and materials used in this procedure, it has been vexing to evaluate their efficacy. Although the persistent fistula is a rare entity, the surgeons faced with treating this condition must understand the principles of flap closure. In six cases in which multiple attempts at oral antral fistula closure had failed, we used either bilateral or unilateral palatal flaps based on the posterior palatine artery. The patients have been followed up for ten years after surgery and can wear dentures if indicated. There has not been any recurrent fistulization in any of these cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Syngeneic monoclonal antibodies to B16 melanoma viral antigens.

Four stable IgM monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas were generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen lymphocytes from C57BL/6 mice hyperimmunized against the syngeneic B16 melanoma. All four monoclonal antibodies (R31/15, R37/4, R37/6, and R37/7), in common with polyclonal antiserum from immunized mice, recognized antigens on the same complex of related cell surface molecules specified by endogenous AKR-type murine leukemia virus, designated the B16-gp/70/80/85 antigen complex. Reactivity with this antigen complex was demonstrated by radioimmunoprecipitation. Specificity for viral Mr 70,000 glycoprotein-related antigens was indicated by absorption of antibody activity by endogenous AKR virus and by inhibition of antibody binding to B16 melanoma cells by monospecific antiserum to murine leukemia virus Mr 70,000 glycoprotein. Neither polyclonal nor monoclonal antibodies recognized antigens on fish, guinea pig, swine, or human melanoma cell lines. Polyclonal antiserum reacted with several other mouse melanomas and with certain mouse lymphoma lines induced by, or harboring, endogenous murine leukemia viruses, but the monoclonal antibodies were unreactive except for recognition of antigens on Harding-Passey mouse melanoma cells by antibody R37/4 and on RL male 1 mouse lymphoma cells by antibody R37/7. Only monoclonal R37/7 was cytotoxic for cultured B16 melanoma cells in an antibody- and complement-dependent assay with guinea pig complement, although all antibodies were cytotoxic with rabbit complement. In reflecting the predominant humoral immune response to the B16 melanoma detected in syngeneic mice during tumor growth, these monoclonal antibodies will permit experimental amplification of that response to help determine how that immunity influences tumor growth and metastatic dissemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Adaptive mechanisms of speech and swallowing after combined jaw and tongue reconstruction in long-term survivors.

Twelve patients have been studied for speech and swallowing function after major combined jaw and tongue reconstruction with the microvascular iliac bone and groin skin composite flap. Cinegraphic barium swallows demonstrated that for bolus propulsion, it is important to be able to occlude the palate with the flap. Glottic competence prevents aspiration. Speech studies show that although there is loss of certain speech sounds, approximate sounds are substituted. Speech is intelligible when soft-tissue contact to the palate can be accomplished. The adaptive mechanisms in these patients have been compared with the mechanisms used by a patient with uncorrected congenital aglossia and hypomandibulosis who developed excellent speech and swallowing. The mobility of this patient's mouth and pharynx was similar to that in the reconstructed cancer patients who were able to swallow and speak. This procedure has become our reconstruction method of choice for these major defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effects of metallic tin on background plaque-forming cells, immunoglobulins and the immune response.

Inoculation of metallic tin powder into Lewis rats resulted in marked enlargement of the draining lymph nodes. Plasma cells were the major contributors to the increase in cell mass. Certain immunologic aspects of this plasma cell lymphadenopathy were investigated. Immunoglobulin isotypes were distinguished and quantitated by fluorescence immunocytochemistry and rocket electrophoresis of lymph node extracts. Background plaque-forming cells directed against sheep red blood cells were increased. Specific activity was highest 4 days after inoculation of tin. Lymph nodes and spleen continued to increase in cell number so that total background activity attained a maximum at 14 days after inoculation of tin. Tin was a good adjuvant for plaque-forming cells in lymph nodes and for serum agglutinins (primary and secondary responses) when the rats were immunized with sheep red blood cells, even when the antigen was injected at a remote site. The plasma cell response to tin may be due to local polyclonal activation.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Development of host immunity to phenotypically diverse B16 melanoma clones. Implications for tumor growth and metastasis.

A B16 melanoma clone and four derived subclones exhibiting markedly different tumorigenic and metastatic potentials in young C57BL/6 mice were investigated comparatively to determine relative immunogenicities and capacities to induce humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following subcutaneous injection. All five populations stimulated some production of circulating antibody to a cell surface antigen complex (B16-gp70/80/85) specified by endogenous murine leukemia virus, as well as spleen-cell-mediated cytolytic and cytostatic activity apparently directed to the same antigens, but to varying extents. Immunogenicity and relative capacity to induce immunity were inversely related to tumorigenicity and tumor growth rate but were not obviously correlated with metastatic behavior. There were indications that tumor behavior might be influenced by developing or naturally acquired host immunity. The most rapidly growing clone, G3.26, which was poorly immunogenic and nonmetastatic in young mice, grew more slowly and was markedly metastatic in normal-aged mice in which some natural humoral and cellular responses cross-reactive with B16-gp70/80/85 antigens were detected. Furthermore, the highly immunogenic and normally nonmetastatic clone, G3.15, was appreciably metastatic in mice immunosuppressed by T lymphocyte depletion. In other cases, however, tumor behavior in immunosuppressed and immunopotentiated mice did not consistently indicate a critical role for host immunity in determining metastatic or nonmetastatic activity.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

A multicenter trial of the prophylactic effect of ketotifen, theophylline, and placebo in atopic asthma.

Three hundred seventy-four patients with asthma were entered into a year-long, double-blind, double-placebo controlled study comparing the prophylactic effect of ketotifen (229 patients), theophylline (73 patients), and placebo (72 patients). The ketotifen group was larger to allow the accumulation of additional long-term safety data. The primary measure of therapeutic effect was a decrease in concomitant medication without a significant increase in symptomatology or a decrement in pulmonary functions. A patient daily diary was used to document symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, and wheeze) and concomitant medications taken during the 2-week baseline and the subsequent 12 monthly periods. After 2 months of study-drug therapy, the ketotifen patients had a greater decrease in both concomitant medication and symptomatology than either of the other groups. This delay in the onset of therapeutic activity has been observed in other studies and is characteristic of this compound. The principal side effect observed with ketotifen is initial sedation, which was found to be self-limiting and of little concern to the patient after the first month.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Superficial musculoaponeurotic system amelioration of parotidectomy defects.

Resection of the parotid area for tumor results in several deformities. In addition to the neck scar, there is a retromandibular and cheek depression. By using a rhytidectomy incision and advancement of the superficial musculoaponeurotic fascia, we have obtained excellent exposure for all parotid operations, including those for accessory parotid lobe lesions, and have corrected the resultant deformities initially or secondarily. This procedure has been used for superficial and deep lobe tumors, partial masseter muscle resection, and recurrent tumors without compromising any of the principles of parotid tumor resection. The approach has resulted in greater acceptance of the tumor surgery by patients and less dissatisfaction postoperatively.

Face↗
PubMed1985

Functional oromandibular reconstruction with the microvascular composite groin flap.

Ten patients were reconstructed with the microvascular osteocutaneous groin flap for oromandibular defects with the objective of improving function. The flap was based on the superficial and deep circumflex iliac vessels for optimal positioning of the bone and contouring of the skin. Patients with major glossectomies and arch resections had intelligible speech and were able to eat a soft diet without aspirating. Cineradiographic studies to evaluate swallowing in selected patients showed that the shape of the intraoral flap and the location of the bone graft played an important role in swallowing and prevention of aspiration.

Adult↗