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Biomedical subjects

I Rasmussen

Publications and source records attributed to I Rasmussen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Hepatic extraction of hyaluronic acid in porcine peritonitis.

The hepatic extraction of hyaluronic acid (HA) was studied in porcine fecal peritonitis in two groups of animals given various amounts of volume substitution. There was a progressive decrease in hepatic blood flow (QH) and a corresponding increase in the plasma concentration of HA in arterial blood over a 5-hour observation period, less pronounced in animals given more volume substitution. While hepatic clearance of HA decreased, the extraction ratio over the liver was not altered. The extracted amount of HA, which at steady state reflects the turnover of HA, was also unchanged. There was a significant correlation between QH and arterial HA concentration (r = 0.57; p < 0.05). The data suggest that the arterial HA concentration in sepsis reflects QH rather than an altered ability of the liver to eliminate HA.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Detection of liver ischemia using microdialysis during experimental peritonitis in pigs.

The liver oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2) were measured in a porcine model of septic shock induced by fecal peritonitis. Lactate and hypoxanthine were simultaneously monitored in hepatic extracellular fluid and in central venous blood using a microdialysis technique. Animals were divided into a control group (n = 6) and a peritonitis group (n = 6). Peritonitis was induced by installation of a standardized amount of autologous feces into the abdominal cavity. The animals were followed for 5 h. The changes in the liver during peritonitis were, a decreased DO2, a increased, maintained, or decreased VO2, an increased oxygen extraction, and a loss of net hepatic lactate uptake. Parallel to these changes, systemic lactic acidosis developed. Intrahepatic lactate and hypoxanthine increased during peritonitis reflecting liver ischemia. The increase of these metabolites was seen concomitantly in the liver and in central venous blood. There was a wide variability of the individual response to the septic challenge among the animals. The limited hepatic oxygen delivery, and the increased needs for oxygen led to flow-dependent oxygen consumption, and signs of liver ischemia in severe sepsis. Intrahepatic and intravenous microdialysis may be useful for monitoring of the individual time course of hepatic and systemic ischemia in sepsis.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of CD18-dependent adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes does not affect liver oxygen consumption in fecal peritonitis in pigs.

We tested the hypothesis that circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), adhering to endothelium of the liver vascular bed are involved in the alterations of the liver oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2) that is a result of fecal peritonitis in pigs. Twenty-two pigs were divided into three groups. Animals in group I (n = 7) served as controls. Fecal peritonitis was induced in groups II (n = 7) and III (n = 8). Animals in group III were pretreated with IB4, a monoclonal anti-CD18 antibody inhibiting adherence of PMNs to the endothelium. Peritonitis increased liver VO2 in groups II and III in spite of decreased liver DO2. In group I, circulating PMNs increased during the experimental period. Sepsis caused a decrease in the number of circulating PMNs in group II, an effect that was fully counteracted in group III, where the number of PMNs rose to control level. Myeloperoxidase activity and morphometric determination of PMN infiltration in liver biopsies virtually paralleled the circulating PMN count. Although fecal peritonitis is followed by a CD18-dependent leukopenia that can be counteracted by pretreatment with an anti-CD18 antibodies, this treatment does not affect the alteration in liver VO2 and DO2 observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Hepatic oxygen consumption and cytochrome P450 activity in experimental faecal peritonitis.

OBJECTIVE: To study hepatic oxygen consumption and cytochrome P450 activity in pigs with septic shock induced by faecal peritonitis. DESIGN: Controlled experimental study. ANIMALS: 12 pigs weighing 19-27 kg. INTERVENTION: The animals were divided into a control group (n = 6) and a peritonitis group (n = 6). Peritonitis was induced by intraperitoneal instillation of a standard amount of autologous faeces. The animals were then observed for 300 minutes. Liver biopsy specimens were taken at 0 and 300 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hepatic oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2). Cytochrome P450 activity was studied by measuring O- and N-demethylation of codeine at 0 and 300 minutes. RESULTS: Hepatic DO2 was reduced, whereas VO2 was increased during sepsis. There were no significant changes in the N- and O-demethylation of codeine. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic VO2 did increase during sepsis, possibly because of the increased metabolic demand. Cytochrome P450 activity was unaffected by the septic challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Laparoscopic surgery. A shift in paradigm?].

Since it was first introduced at the beginning of the century, laparoscopy has been developed by pioneers in the field of gynaecological surgery from a diagnostic aid to a high tech tool for use in various branches of surgery. In the near future, this rapidly developing technique, with three-dimensional video and robot-assisted surgery, will require well planned theoretical and practical training.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1992

Splanchnic and total body oxygen consumption in experimental fecal peritonitis in pigs: effects of dextran and iloprost.

Tissue oxygenation in the gastrointestinal tract and in the liver was studied in a porcine model where septic shock was induced by fecal peritonitis. The effects of different fluid regimes were compared. In one group (n = 8) a moderate amount of crystalloid fluids was given, in another (n = 7) crystalloids and colloids, and in a third group (n = 6) iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, was administered intra-arterially (10 ng x kg-1 b.w. x min-1) in combination with the crystalline and colloid fluid regime. Septic shock induced by fecal peritonitis reduced cardiac index and oxygen supply to splanchnic organs. Iloprost improved the hepatic arterial blood flow, and tended to attenuate the reduction in liver oxygen delivery. Oxygen consumption (VO2) in the gastrointestinal tract and the liver was significantly increased in the group given crystalloids. These animals developed a hypovolemic/hypodynamic septic shock. Liver VO2 in these animals became flow dependent reflected by increasing hepatic venous lactate values and inversion of lactate turnover by the liver. In the two other groups gastrointestinal and liver VO2 remained constant during the observation period. Oxygen extraction over the liver increased when oxygen delivery decreased. The increased liver VO2 is suggested to be secondary to impaired microcirculation and accumulation of macrophages and leukocytes in the septic liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Early gut ischemia in experimental fecal peritonitis.

Tissue oxygenation in the gastrointestinal tract was studied in a porcine model in which septic shock was induced by fecal peritonitis. The oxygen delivered was estimated by measuring the portal venous blood flow and the calculated arterial oxygen saturation. The oxygen consumption of the gut, including the pancreas and spleen, was monitored by measuring the portal venous blood flow and the difference between the calculated arterial oxygen and the measured portal venous oxygen saturation. In addition, the oxygenation of the gut mucosa was followed via the tonometric technique. Furthermore, lactate was measured in arterial and portal blood. The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one control (n = 6) and one experimental (n = 6). Peritonitis was introduced by installation of a standardized amount of autologous feces into the abdominal cavity. The animals were followed for 5 hr. Very early during the course of sepsis there was a fall in gut intramucosal pH (pHi), and this was evident before any reduction in splanchnic DO2. Furthermore, an early increase in splanchnic VO2 was evident simultaneously with the fall in pHi. Arterial pH and lactate were not able to detect the inadequate regional tissue oxygenation. It is concluded that pHi measured with the tonometric technique is sensitive in detecting gut mucosal ischemia, and it is therefore highly likely that tonometry would be a valuable method in monitoring severe ill patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Splanchnic oxygen consumption in septic and hemorrhagic shock.

Oxygen consumption (VO2) is dependent on oxygen delivery (DO2) in septic shock. Local hypoxia with later secondary organ failure may develop, however, despite an often hyperdynamic circulation. The splanchnic organs seem to be of vital importance in this context. In experiments performed in pigs we compared total body VO2 and DO2 with oxygen consumption and delivery in the gastrointestinal organs and the liver in two different shock states: (1) septic shock induced by peritonitis (n = 6) and (2) hemorrhagic shock (n = 6). Another group of six animals not in shock served as controls. Total, gastrointestinal, and liver DO2 decreased in a similar pattern in both septic and hemorrhagic shock. Gastrointestinal and liver VO2 increased in sepsis, whereas it was unchanged in hemorrhage. In the later phase of sepsis, liver VO2, but not gastrointestinal VO2, again decreased, because liver oxygen extraction was almost total and liver DO2 decreased further. The development of flow-dependent liver hypoxia was reflected in a decrease in liver lactate turnover (increased liver lactate release) during late sepsis. Early hypoxia in the splanchnic region is suggested as a plausible mechanism behind the development of secondary organ failure, especially in sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Drug utilization in Hvalsö. An attempt to change the attitude of the population and physicians to drug use].

All of the prescriptions, a total of 1,876, issued by the five practitioners in Hvalsø in four chosen weeks in 1987/88 were copied. The prescribed drugs, a total of 3,177, were calculated for the individual groups of drugs and corrected for the age distribution among the population as a whole and in the individual doctor's practice. The main results from the following groups of drugs are presented here: hypnotics, drugs for neurosis, antibiotics, drugs for cardiac and circulatory disease, drugs for asthma, contraceptive pills and female sex hormones. By and large, considerably more medicine was prescribed for women than for men. For example, twice as much medicine for insomnia was prescribed for women. This is enough for every fourth woman over the age for 70 years to receive a daily dose of hypnotics. Women appear to commence using hypnotics at the age of 40 years and men at 60 years. Marked differences were found in the patterns of prescription between the individual practitioners and thei is apparently greatest as regards prescriptions for men while the more liberal prescription of hypnotics to women was observed for all of the practitioners. Two groups of drugs were, however, prescribed mostly for men, viz, asthma medicine for all age groups and cardiac and circulatory medicine for persons greater than 60 years. Where all of the groups of drugs were concerned, comparisons were undertaken between the prescription habits of the individual practitioners. The results of this investigation are employed in local health work among the population, in study circle work among the practitioners and as basic ideas for the county drug committee activities.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Bone lesions of acne fulminans. Case report and review of the literature.

Acne fulminans, which is the most severe form of acne, affects mainly teenage men; its pathogenesis is unknown. In its most severe form bone lesions may occur, and although they appear to be transient, they cause considerable discomfort to the patient. Roentgenologically these lesions are not well defined, and often biopsies are performed to rule out malignancy or infection. The result of bone biopsies has, however, always been reported to be benign, as they are in this case. We report a case of acne fulminans with a distinct presentation of bone lesion in a technetium 99 scan and findings of high levels of C3 and C4 and low levels of serum estradiol. These changes have not been described before and are contrary to previously published findings.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1989

Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Report of a series with long-term results.

Of 72 patients who underwent jejunoileal bypass because of morbid obesity, 69 could be evaluated with special reference to long-term (median 11 years) results. One of the other three had fatal anastomotic leakage, one underwent resection and reversal of shunt because of postoperative gangrene in the bypassed segment, and one died of sepsis and liver failure following cholecystectomy 6 months after bypass. The median body mass index (kg/m2) fell from 45.4 preoperatively to 33.2 after 16 years. Shunt-related complications in early and late follow-up were diarrhoea (n = 15), anal/perianal disorders (15), arthralgia (15), urinary calculi (16), cholelithiasis (5), severe flatulence (7), liver cirrhosis (5), intestinal tuberculosis (1), ileitis (1), severe electrolyte disturbance (4), hypomagnesaemia (22), hypokalaemia (8), and deficiency of vitamin B12 (24), iron (24) and folate (17). Although jejunal bypass effectively reduces weight, the patients are at continuous risk of many complications. However, the improvement in quality of life should not be underestimated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Quantitation of facial affection in scleroderma.

The interincisor distance, the vertical lip distance, and the horizontal oral distance were measured in 68 patients with generalized scleroderma and in 66 healthy individuals. Interincisor distance and vertical lip distance were decreased in scleroderma (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001). Vertical lip distance and horizontal oral distance provided clinically a clear differentiation between minor and major affection (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001), while the interincisor distance provided a weaker differentiation (p less than 0.05). The horizontal oral distance correlated with the duration of scleroderma (r = -0.289, p less than 0.05), and the vertical lip distances tended to do so (r = -0.208, n.s.). In healthy individuals interincisor and vertical lip distances decreased significantly with age (in males only), while the horizontal oral distance showed no significant decrease. In conclusion, interincisor and vertical lip distances are preferable for diagnosis and the horizontal oral distance for follow-up of facial scleroderma. If only one vertical parameter is wanted, the authors prefer the vertical lip distance to the interincisor distance.

Adult↗