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Biomedical subjects

I Reintoft

Publications and source records attributed to I Reintoft.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Pituitary gland and sella turcica in human trisomy 21 fetuses related to axial skeletal development.

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the sella turcica/pituitary gland region in trisomy 21 fetuses and to relate the findings in the region to the ossification pattern in the axial skeleton formed by the cranial base and spine. Material from 22 human fetuses with trisomy 21, CRL 80 mm to CRL 190 mm, corresponding to gestational ages from 14 to 21 weeks, was examined and compared with material from gestation-matched normal controls. After radiography, tissue blocks from the cranial base, including the pituitary gland, were examined and compared with those of normal fetuses. Four different types of sella turcica/ pituitary gland morphology were observed. Thirteen fetuses (Type I) were morphologically normal. Minor abnormalities occurred in the sella turcica and pituitary gland (adenopituitary gland tissue pharyngeally) in six fetuses (Types II and III). There was agreement between the histologically recorded deviations in the sella turcica and the radiographic observations of the basisphenoid bone. In three cases (Type IV) out of 22, more pronounced structural abnormalities occurred in the sella turcica, and radiographically the basisphenoid bone appeared cleft. All sella turcica changes observed in trisomy 21 were situated anteriorly in the base of the sella. In all cases the basilar part of the occipital bone was normal. Minor changes in the sella turcica region were mainly accompanied by cervical vertebral abnormalities, while the most severe abnormalities occurred in association with malformations in the lumbar vertebrae. There was no association between sella turcica malformations and the absence or presence of the nasal bone.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1998

Pituitary gland and sella turcica in human trisomy 18 fetuses.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the phenotypic conditions in the sella turcica/pituitary gland complex in human trisomy 18 fetuses. Fourteen human fetuses with gestational ages from 12 to 39 weeks were included in the study. Normal fetuses at corresponding ages were used as controls. Whole body and special radiographic examination was undertaken before the midsagittal cranial base block, including the pituitary gland, was excised and analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically (keratin wide spectrum [KWS], thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], and neurophysin [Nph]). In all trisomy 18 fetuses, TSH-positive adenopituitary tissue was present in the sella and in greater or lesser amounts pharyngeally. The neurohypophysis was Nph-positive and located normally in the sella turcica. The adenohypophyseal tissue reacted either KWS-faint or KWS-negative, whereas KWS-positive reaction occurs in normal fetuses. This circumstance might suggest an altered cytoskeletal structure of the surface ectoderm in the pituitary placode in trisomy 18. The sella turcica was malformed in all the fetuses. Very broad craniopharyngeal canals were observed in some of the fetuses. Because endocrine disorders occur in many congenital malformations, it is essential in future studies to chart the sella turcica/pituitary gland region systematically in different genotypes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Astrocytes in the prenatal central nervous system. From 5th to 28th week of gestation. An immunohistochemical study on paraffin-embedded material.

The CNS from 30 normal fetuses aged 5-28 weeks were studied in GFAP stained paraffin-embedded material. The technique of preparation, autopsy and fixation is described in details. GFAP reacting glial cells developed first in the spinal cord at 7 weeks, and appeared in all regions of CNS during fetal life in a systematic way but with a temporal variation. The supporting and guiding properties of the fibrillary astrocytes are stressed.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1986

Central pontine myelinolysis. A case report with typical neuropathological findings.

A case of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) in an alcoholic patient with severe electrolyte changes is presented. Data in the literature suggest that it is safe to correct severe symptomatic hyponatremia to a value of 125-130 mEq/1 in 24 h. At the present time acute severe hyponatremia carries a bad prognosis if not treated with hypertonic NaCl solution. Electrolyte abnormalities are not the sole cause of CPM.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1986

The Pi Z allele and hepatic alpha 1-antitrypsin globules in patients with secondary liver cancer.

To evaluate the frequency of false positive globular inclusions, 89 autopsy cases with various malignancies and liver metastases have been examined by immunoperoxidase staining of liver sections and isoelectric focusing of sera. Four subjects with AAT globules in their hepatocytes were found, all of whom had the Pi Z phenotype. Globular inclusions were not found in any subject lacking the Pi Z allele on isoelectric focusing, but in 3 subjects with the Pi Z phenotype no hepatocytic globules were found.

Endoplasmic Reticulum↗
PubMed1979

Does the Z gene variant of alpha-1-antitrypsin predispose to hepatic carcinoma?

In 10 of 56 patients with primary liver carcinoma the nontumorous hepatocytes contained diastase resistant, periodic acid-Schiff positive and alpha-1-antitrypsin positive (immunoperoxidase technique) globules. This is a frequency of 18 per cent among patients with liver carcinoma against 6 per cent in an unselected autopsy series. The tumors were of the hepatocellular or mixed type in nine of the 10 patients, and the frequency among such patients was 23 per cent. We consider that these globules indicate a carrier of the protease inhibitor allele of the Z gene variant (single or double).

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1979

Demonstration of alpha 1-antitrypsin in hepatomas.

Sixty-nine primary malignant hepatomas were examined for the presence of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alph 1-AT) in tumor cells using immunohistochemical methods. Twenty-eight tumors showed positivity for alpha 1-AT. The reaction was globular and PAS-positive in 12 hepatocellular tumors and thus simulated the pattern of alpha 1-AT accumulation in hepatocytes in subjects carrying the Z-gene for alpha 1-AT. In fact, eight of these 12 tumors presented this pattern in the nontumours liver tissue. In ten hepatocellular tumors the reaction was finely granular throughout the hepatocytic cytoplasm, but was present in only a small number of cells. Still fewer cells were positive in six cholangiocarcinomas. The globular alpha 1-AT in tumor cells may be genetically determined when associated with the Z-gene. A reappearance of fetal gene products may be assumed in three hepatocarcinomas with globules positive for alpha-fetoprotein as well as alpha 1-AT.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1978

Reliability of histo-pathological diagnosis of squamous epithelial changes of the uterine cervix.

The reliability of histological diagnosis of squamous epithelial changes was tested by letting 13 pathologists read 1,001 consecutive cervical biopsies twice. Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement, variance, and deviation of diagnosis were determined. The diagnostic ability showed great individual variation and no significant correlation to experience in pathology. The diagnosis of invasive cancer had a high diagnostic specificity, and the diagnostic sensitivity of the diagnosis of no significant epithelial changes was high too. The reliability of the diagnosis of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ proved unsatisfactory.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Periodic acid Schiff-positive non-glycogenic globules in hepatocytes. Differential diagnostic aspects in screening for alpha-1-antitrypsin globules in an autopsy material.

Thirty-eight subjects with diastase-resistant PAS-positive cytoplasmic globules in hepatocytes were found among 238 autopsies. In 15 of the 38 subjects the globules were antigenically alpha-1-antitrypsin, in 23 subjects they were not. The latter globules were found in centrilobular regions, the alpha-1-antitrypsin globules mainly in periportal regions. The non-alpha-1-antitrypsin globules showed less differences in size (6-10 mu) and a smaller number per hepatocyte (1-7) than the alpha-1-antitrypsin globules (1-40 mu and 1-30 per cell). The non-alpha-1-antitrypsin globules were only demonstrated in livers with centrilobular sinusoidal dilatation having, in all cases but one, also centrilobular, confluent necrosis. This type of globules can be assumed to be of differential diagnostic importance mainly in an autopsy material. The nature of these globules is discussed.

Amylases↗
PubMed1977

Alpha-antitrypsin deficiency. Experience from an autopsy material.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency of genotype PiZ was found in 15 persons (6.3 per cent) out of an autopsy series of 238. The hepatic tissue was screened after diastase digestion and PAS staining. The globules demonstrated thereby showed by the immunoperoxidese reaction an antigenic identity with alpha-1-antitrypsin. It is estimated that one of the persons was homozygous, the others heterozygous. Among the latter, pulmonary emphysema was rather more common than found previously, whereas the hepatic changes were not quite so pronounced.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lymphocytic thyroiditis. I. correlation between morphological, immunological and clinical findings.

Biopsies from the thyroid glands in 32 selected patients with goitre and lymphocytic thyroiditis have been investigated with quantitation of the morphological changes. This permitted a comparison with immunological and clinical findings. The three main elements in the destruction of glandular tissue--lymphocytes, plasma cells and fibrosis varied relatively independently of each other as an expression of the great variation in the appearance of the tissue lesion. Thyroglobulin antibodies showed a correlation to the number of plasma cells, whereas the microsomal thyroid antibodies showed a correlation to the number of lymphocytes. The morphologic changes were independent of the duration of the disease. The degree of fibrosis increased parallel with age and there was a tendency towards glandular fibrosis in myxoedematous patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Lymphocytic thyroiditis. II. The course of the disease in relation to morphologic, immunologic and clinical findings at the time of biopsy.

Thirty-two patients with goitre and lymphocytic thyroiditis were followed for 1 1/2--19 years (average 7) after open surgical biopsy. Treatment with thyroid hormone was started when myxoedema was diagnosed. Five patients (group A) regained normal glandular size, remained euthyroid and had elevated antibody titres. Six patients (group B) continued to have goitre and elevated antibody titres and remained euthyroid. Thirteen patients (group C) developed myxoedema, while 8 (group D) demonstrated myxoedema at the time of biopsy. The patients in groups C and D had a higher average age and their biopsies showed more marked fibrosis compared with groups A and B. The goitre disappeared during treatment in 62% of the patients and the microsomal antibody titre also decreased in them, whereas the thyroglobulin antibody titre decreased in all treated patients. The results indicate that the degree of fibrosis in the thyroid gland is of overall importance for the prognosis with regard to glandular function. It seems evident that the treatment with thyroid hormone influences the autoimmune process so that the activity decreases.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1975

A cytogenetic study of gonadoblastoma tissue in two cases.

The hypothesis that gonadoblastoma (gonocytoma III) arises from gonadal tissue with a male chromosome complement has earlier been forwarded. In the literature there is no case with a well documented diagnosis of gonadoblastoma and absence of a Y chromosome. In the two presented cases, one a phenotypic female, the other a phenotypic male, gonadoblastoma was diagnosed. Cytogenetic studies of the removed gonadoblastomas revealed a Y chromosome in both cases. This is in accordance with the hypothesis.

Adolescent↗