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Biomedical subjects

I Ringqvist

Publications and source records attributed to I Ringqvist.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Salbutamol in the treatment of asthmatic children. A comparison of oral and inhalation therapy alone and in combination.

In 10 children with asthma and reversible bronchial obstruction the effect on lung function (VC, FVC and FEV1) of salbutamol was tested comparing oral administration, inhalation or a combination of both. The oral treatment was carried out as a randomized double-blind salbutamol-placebo cross-over study followed by inhalation of salbutamol in all patients. In agreement with previous findings in adults, the study showed a significant increase of FEV1, FVC and VC (P less than 0.005) after oral salbutamol. Combined oral and inhalation medication of salbutamol gave a significantly higher increase of FEV1, VC (P less than 0.01) and FVC (P less than 0.05) when compared with oral therapy only. Compared with salbutamol inhalation only, the combined therapy gave a significantly higher FEV1 (P less than 0.01). The relatively high oral dose used produced no side effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Effect of coronary bypass surgery on survival patterns in subsets of patients with left main coronary artery disease. Report of the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS).

The 3 year cumulative survival rate of 1,492 patients with left main coronary artery disease (50 percent or greater stenosis of luminal diameter) enrolled in the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS) was 91 percent for the surgical group and 69 percent for patients treated medically (p less than 0.0001). Mortality was significantly greater in patients with impaired left ventricular function. The difference between medical and surgical therapy was significant for patients who had normal, moderately abnormal and severely impaired left ventricular function and for patients with stenosis of the left main coronary artery of 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79 and 80 percent or greater. Aortocoronary bypass surgery did not significantly improve survival in patient subgroups who had (1) a nonstenotic dominant right or balanced coronary circulation, (2) a stenotic dominant right coronary artery and normal left ventricular function, and (3) left main coronary stenosis of 50 to 59 percent and normal or mildly abnormal left ventricular function. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to select baseline variables that were independent predictors of long-time mortality. The model selected left ventricular score, age, congestive heart failure score, hypertension, percent left main coronary arterial stenosis and coronary arterial dominance as the baseline variables most predictive of long-term survival. A clinical and angiographic prognostic risk index developed from these six baseline variables showed significantly improved survival for the surgical cohort in each of four risk categories. In the best and worst risk category, the 3 year survival rate was 97 and 82 percent, respectively, for the surgical group and 85 and 34 percent, respectively, for the medical group (p less than or equal to 0.0002). The data from this observational study show that coronary bypass surgery prolongs life in most patients with left main coronary artery disease, particularly those who have severe narrowing of the left main coronary artery or impaired left ventricular function. The results permit a better understanding of the natural history of left main coronary artery disease and permit a more accurate estimate of long-term survival for individual patients through the use of a clinical-angiographic risk index.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1981

Conventional versus computer-aided interpretation of long-term ECG recordings--aspects of precision and economy.

In a sample of 60 12-h long-term ECG recordings we compared a computer-aided analysis method to a conventional scanning technique for diagnostic precision and time consumption. As regards diagnostic precision no significant difference between the methods could be found. Both were considered efficient in detecting episodes of arrhythmia. Using the computer-aided method a physician spent an average of 16 min on analyzing a recording and writing the diagnostic report. The conventional method required 69 min from an ECG technician and 9 min from a physician for each recording. From these figures we conclude that about 750 12-h recordings/year are required to outweigh the extra annual cost for the computer, if it is used only for long-term ECG analysis. If the computer can also be used for other purposes the system for long-term ECG analysis is profitable with a smaller annual number of recordings.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Preservation of the myocardium during coronary artery bypass grafting.

The influence of three methods of myocardial preservation used during coronary artery bypass grafting on operative mortality and perioperative myocardial infarction was evaluated in seven institutions participating in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Both operative mortality and perioperative infarctions were comparable with either normothermic and topical hypothermic myocardial preservation. The addition of potassium cardioplegia to hypothermia lowered both operative mortality and perioperative myocardial infarction (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively). Stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that the high-risk clinical and angiographic variables were the most important determinants of operative mortality, followed by surgical priority and the use of potassium cardioplegia. However, none of the clinical, angiographic and surgical variables other than the use of potassium cardioplegia influenced the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Home-training of patients with intermittent claudication.

Fifteen patients with intermittent claudication but without angina pectoris underwent a training programme consisting of three months of home-training followed by three months of supervised in-hospital training. Detailed information and instruction preceded the start of the training. There was a significant increase in maximal walking distance and also in physical activity during the home-training period. There was no difference in the increase in walking distance between this group and an earlier, comparable, group that had undergone a similar period of supervised in-hospital training. A further significant increase in maximal walking distance was obtained after three months of supervised in-hospital training. The physical activity during leisure time was, however, not further increased. Smoking habits were affected. After one year, one out of twelve smokers had stopped smoking and eight had reduced their consumption by 30-75%. Home-training after a careful instruction and with control of results is an alternative to supervised in-hospital training for a large group of patients with intermittent claudication but without angina pectoris.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

A non-invasive method for recording His-Purkinje activity.

A simple non-invasive method for recording of activity from the His-Purkinje system (HPS) is described. The electrical activity was derived from bipolar orthogonal surface leads. The signal was strongly amplified, bandpass filtered, delayed and averaged in an analogue averager before presentation. The equipment is mobile. The characteristics of the equipment are described. There was good agreement between invasive and non-invasive recordings. Out of seventeen subjects studied ten had a measurable HPS signal. Muscle tension and deep breathing tended to obscure the non-invasive recordings. The best lead for the measurements was lead X.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of physical training on different categories of patients with intermittent claudication.

The effect of supervised training was studied in 68 patients with intermittent claudication. Maximal walking distance was measured on a treadmill. Eight of the patients had resting pain in the leg when recumbent (group A), 25 had an initial walking distance of less than 500 m (group B), 11 had an initial walking distance of 500--1 000 m (group C), 24 had coronary insufficiency (group D). The study shows that training should be undertaken for at least three months. In some patients with resting pain, training led to relief of pain and surgical treatment was not necessary. Almost all patients without signs of coronary insufficiency increased their walking distance, compared to only 14 of the 24 patients with coronary insufficiency. Walking distance increased significantly in groups B and C and no significant difference was found between patients and proximal or distal arterial stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Differentiation of fibres in human masseter, temporal and biceps brachii muscles. A histochemical study.

Masseter, temporal and biceps brachii muscles were histochemically evaluated for fibre type differentiation on 19 aborted fetuses (gestational ages 15-23 weeks), in 2 premature infants of 34 and 36 weeks gestation and in 2 fullterm stillborn infants. There was no convincing evidence of fibre type differentiation in the masticatory muscles before 22 weeks' gestation while a fairly distinct differentiation was seen in biceps brachii specimens at 16 weeks' gestation with ATPase at pH 4.35. Around 22 weeks two types of fibre were found in all specimens with ATPase at pH 4.35. With regular ATPase (pH 9.4) there was a relatively weak difference in staining between different types of fibre in the masticatory muscles. In biceps brachii Type I and Type II were demonstrated. Neonatally 3 levels of staining were seen in biceps brachii with regular ATPase (pH 9.4); while ATPase pH 4.35 and 4.6 demonstrated the subtypes IIB and IIC. In the masticatory mucles only 2 levels were recognized with regular ATPase and all type II fibres had the characteristics of Type IIC as seen with with ATPase at pH 4.35.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Validity of the "airflometer"--a simple device for assessment of forced expiration.

The device is basically a plastic turbine with a reduction gear (approximately 1:300) driving an indicator. Following a forced expiration on the indicator comes to rest after about 30 s, when it is read. The reading appears to be generated by the expired flow versus time pattern, and during a forced expiration, close to maximum speed for the turbine is reached within 0.5 s. In a given subject repeated measurements with the same apparatus varied within a few per cent, whereas the variation was considerable among different apparatuses. Readings correlated about equally well with FEV0.5 and FEV1.

Forced Expiratory Flow Rates↗
PubMed1975

Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the beta-adrenoceptive antagonist sotalol: studies in health, angina pectoris and obstructive lung disease.

The cardiovascular and respiratory actions of the adrenergic beta adrenoceptive drug sotalol have been studied in an open, short term trial. Fifteen patients with angina performed standardized orthostatic and exercise tests before and after injection of 20 mg sotalol intravenously. Although there was a significant reduction of heart rate and blood pressure at the time of appearance of angina pectoris and ST-segment depression, there was only a slight and statistically insignificant increase in work before the appearance of angina pectoris, and ischaemic changes in the ECG disappeared more rapidly after work. In a different group of patients suffering from obstructive lung disease, sotalol 10 mg intravenously produced a significant increase in airway resistance. It has no such effect on normal subjects.

Adult↗