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Biomedical subjects

I Romslo

Publications and source records attributed to I Romslo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Quality assurance in laboratory medicine--reality and challenge].

So far, quality assurance in laboratory medicine in Norway has concentrated mainly on results. As yet, however, much still remains to be done, particularly in the fields of pathology, radiology and nuclear medicine. Insufficient emphasis has been paid to quality assurance of the requests made for tests and interpretation of the results. Important for this part of quality assurance are teaching and education, cooperation between the laboratory physician and the clinician, more active participation of the laboratory physician in the solving of clinical problems and a change from menu-oriented to problem-oriented requests.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1992

Subcellular localization of transferrin and pyrophosphate in liver cells after perfusion in situ or incubation in vitro.

Rat livers were perfused in situ with [125I]-transferrin, FITC-dextran and [32P]-inorganic pyrophosphate (PP). In a parallel set of experiments rat liver homogenates was incubated with [125I]-transferrin and [32P]-PPi. In both sets of experiments cellular organelles were prepared by density gradient centrifugation in metrizamide. In the perfusion experiments [125I]-transferrin and FITC-dextran accumulated in fractions rich in plasma membrane enzymes, whereas in the homogenate experiments [125I]-transferrin remained in soluble fractions. [32P]-PPi remained in soluble fractions in both sets of experiments, i.e. PPi did not co-localize with transferrin taken up by intact cells. In another set of experiments fractions rich in endosomes were tested for their ability to synthesize PPi from ATP. No PPi was found. The results argue against a role for PPi in transferrin-iron release within endosomes.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

[Laboratory diagnosis of multiple sclerosis].

In 26 patients with multiple sclerosis 100% responded abnormally to magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Lesions in the posterior fossa were observed in 18 patients. The auditory brain stem response was abnormal in 15 patients, and 22 had abnormal immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid. The correlation between abnormalities of the auditory brain stem response and the magnetic resonance images was greatest in a subgroup where the two investigations were performed within a ten day interval. Results from magnetic resonance imaging, evoked potentials and cerebrospinal fluid investigations were used to reclassify 13 of 15 patients with clinically "possible" or "probable" multiple sclerosis to a higher level using Poser's criteria. Evoked potentials (the auditory brain stem response in particular) correlated best with clinical multiple sclerosis category. We recommend that magnetic resonance imaging is established as a first-hand investigation in evaluations of multiple sclerosis. Evoked potentials and cerebrospinal fluid investigations may prove to be more specific, however, and these investigations should also be performed as a routine.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical chemistry in Norway from the beginning of the 1990's].

From 1980 to 1989 the number of chemical tests ordered in Norway increased by approximately 81%. By 1989 it amounted to approximately eight tests per inhabitant per year. The increase has been most marked among outpatients. During the period, the trend has been towards closer cooperation between the laboratory and the primary health care physician, and greater focus on rational use of laboratory resources. Challenges in the nineties are recruiting, to improve cooperation between the clinician and the laboratory, and to put more resources into research.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1991

Variations in serum erythropoietin and transferrin receptor during phlebotomy therapy of hereditary hemochromatosis: a case report.

Serum levels of transferrin receptor and erythropoietin were determined in 2 patients with hereditary hemochromatosis undergoing phlebotomy therapy. The objective of the study was to determine changes in serum transferrin receptor and serum erythropoietin occurring during therapy, and to investigate if such changes could be useful to monitor the therapy. The study showed that serum transferrin receptor, and to a lesser extent serum erythropoietin, may be better parameters than serum ferritin as indicators of when phlebotomy should be discontinued. The most sensitive parameter, however, appeared to be the serum transferrin receptor/ferritin ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Quality control does improve the performance of laboratory practice in primary health care.

Quality control surveys combined with teaching courses and expert consultations were offered to laboratories serving general practitioners in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Fifty-one laboratories participated in the programme and the surveys during 1988-89. During the study period the number of laboratories having acceptable accuracy of their haemoglobin determination increased from approximately 80% to more than 90%. A similar increase was found also in precision where CV declined from 6.7% to approximately 2%. Additional positive effects were more close co-operation and more fruitful dialogues between the specialist laboratory and that of the general practitioners. The results offer promising perspectives to the control of laboratory performance in primary health care and the optimal use of laboratory tests.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1990

[Nikolai Astrup and his asthma].

Nikolai Astrup (1880-1928) is recognized as one of the most famous Norwegian painters of his time. He grew up in Jłlster, in the western part of Norway, and has become known as the painter of the West Coast, not only because of his landscapes but even more so because of the atmosphere and special mood reflected in his paintings. Most of his paintings depict scenes from spring and summer nights in Jłlster. From a medical point of view it is interesting to know that Astrup suffered from asthma all his life, and one wonders whether his motives appeared to him during long walks at night while plagued by severe attacks of asthma. One also wonders what sort of impact the disease had on the composition of his paintings. There is reason to believe that his asthma not only hampered his creative activity and brought his life to a premature end, but also influenced his visionary imagination and helped him to discover the motives for his pictures.

Asthma↗
PubMed1990

Comparative study on the pharmacokinetics of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate after administration of methotrexate in the dose range of 0.5-33.6 g/m2 to children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Concentrations of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate (7-OH-MTX) were determined in serum samples obtained after 266 infusions of methotrexate administered to 58 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The dose of methotrexate (MTX) was in the range of 0.5-33.6 g/m2. Pharmacokinetic parameters (metabolic index, drug/metabolite ratio, half-life) of 7-OH-MTX and their relationship to the kinetics of methotrexate were analyzed. A great variability was observed in the extent and time-course of the metabolite formation. The concentration of the metabolite was higher than that of the parent compound at any examined time after the end of the 24 hours' infusion. The increase of 7-OH-MTX levels at the end of the methotrexate infusion was found to be proportionate to the increase of the dose of MTX. Males had significantly higher metabolite levels than did females (P less than 0.01) in the dose range of 0.5-8.0 g/m2. The age of the patients also significantly influenced the rate of the metabolite formation. The serial number of the treatment courses did not have effect on the metabolism of MTX. Dose dependency of the elimination half-life of the metabolite was found. Although a tendency was observed that patients in continuous complete remission had higher metabolite levels than those who relapsed, the difference was not significant. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical importance of 7-OH-MT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis: the relation to VEP, SEP and CSF immunoglobulins.

One hundred patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were analysed retrospectively with respect to investigations of brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), and cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins (CSF-IG). BAEP were abnormal in 42% of those with normal VEP and SEP examinations, and in 38% of patients with normal CSF-IG. The chance of obtaining at least one abnormal EP was lower in patients with normal CSF-IG than in patients with abnormal CSF. When a "dispersion ratio" was included in the criteria for BAEP abnormality, the sensitivity increased compared with conventional BAEP criteria. We recommend that BAEP should still be included in the EP test battery for patients with suspected MS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

7-Hydroxymethotrexate concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) and 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX) were determined by HPLC in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 29 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. CSF and serum samples were obtained at the end of 104 infusions of MTX given in a dose range of 0.5-8.0 g/m2. Concentrations, distribution ratios in serum and CSF for MTX and 7-OH-MTX, and the metabolic index were analyzed with regard to the MTX dose, age and clinical state of the patients. A wide inter-patient (2- to 12-fold) but narrower (1.1- to 3.5-fold) intra-patient variability of the concentrations was observed. A dose-proportional increase in the metabolite concentration was found in serum. On the other hand, the elevation of the level of metabolite in CSF was less than proportional to the dose. The CSF/serum distribution data suggest the existence of a saturable carrier system for MTX and 7-OH-MTX between serum and CSF that has lower affinity for 7-OH-MTX. No correlation was found between concentrations of MTX and 7-OH-MTX in the serum of patients receiving the same dose of MTX. No significant difference was observed in the values for metabolic index between relapsed patients and those who were in continuous complete remission. A significant correlation was found between age and metabolic index: the younger the patient, the higher the metabolite concentration measured in serum.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Pyrophosphate-loaded hepatocytes show increased iron uptake from transferrin.

Exogenously added pyrophosphate was found associated with hepatocytes in suspension, particularly in the presence of calcium ions. The cell-associated pyrophosphate was recovered with the stroma fraction. Pyrophosphate thus bound did not affect cellular ATP, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase or trypan blue exclusion. Compared to control cells, pyrophosphate-loaded hepatocytes showed an approximately 70% increase in iron accumulation from transferrin. The excess iron was handled by the pyrophosphate-loaded cells as control cells. The relevance of pyrophosphate to hepatocyte iron uptake is discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Long-term effectiveness of the Burch colposuspension in female urinary stress incontinence.

Of 91 women who underwent Burch colposuspension, 86 were available for clinical, urodynamic and isotope renographic follow-up examinations 5 years after surgery for evaluation of late complications and long-term effectiveness in urinary stress incontinence. A repeat urodynamic examination was accepted by 76 patients. Stress incontinence was cured in 71% of the patients with a stable bladder preoperatively, and in 57% with stress incontinence and detrusor instability (non-significant difference). Cure rate was not significantly related to age, hormonal status or previous anterior vaginal repair. The urodynamic measurements at follow-up showed a significant increase in the functional urethral length in the cured group, as compared with the improved group. The mean maximum urethral closure pressure was reduced in both groups. Symptomatic detrusor instability was found in 18% of the preoperative stable bladders, while 67% of the unstable bladders had become stable. Only 29% of the patients with a preoperative unstable bladder had a normal lower urinary tract function at follow-up. Late voiding difficulties were observed in 3% of the study group; enterocele, requiring surgical repair, developed in 7%. One patient suffered a damaged kidney due to undetected ureteral obstruction after surgery. Irritative bladder symptoms such as urgency, frequency, stranguria and nocturia represent a long-term problem after colposuspension. At the 5-year follow-up, only 52% of the study group were completely dry and free of complications, and about 30% needed further incontinence therapy. This may be due to some neurogenic factor which is not corrected by surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Anemia in general practice.

Among 4928 consecutive consultations in urban general practice in Mid-Norway anemia was found in 106 patients. Eighty-nine patients had their anemia worked out and treated by their general practitioner, 11 patients were referred to hospital or specialist, and in 6 patients no clear-cut reason for the anemia could be found. The patients could be broadly divided into four groups: iron deficiency in pregnancy (48%), iron deficiency secondary to bleeding (21%) anemia of chronic diseases (17%) and miscellaneous (7%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Anemia in general practice. Which laboratory tests are requested--how are the results interpreted and what are the consequences to patient care.

Laboratory tests requested in patients with anemia by general practitioners were recorded together with the diagnostic problem, the practitioners' interpretation of the test results and the consequences to the further work-up and treatment of the patients. There is broad agreement as to selection of tests to diagnose fairly well-established clinical entities. With more composite or complex disease patterns, the request patterns differ, not only with the diagnostic problem, but more so with the physicians. Some tests are requested with results very seldom outside the reference range (e.g. cobalamins and folate) and some on indications notoriously prone to give false positive results (e.g. serum iron in patients with anemia of chronic diseases). As part of future quality control programs proper use of laboratory tests should be important topics as joint projects between clinical chemists, general practitioners and clinicians.

Adolescent↗