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Biomedical subjects

I Rystedt

Publications and source records attributed to I Rystedt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Skin disease and contact sensitivity in house painters using water-based paints, glues and putties.

A dermatologic investigation of 202 construction painters included patch testing with the TRUE Test standard series and ingredients of water-based paints, glues and putties (painters' series). 32 painters had current eczema and 16 had a history of previous eczema. Of these, 16 and 9, respectively, had current and previous histories of hand eczema. Irritant reactions on the hands, characterized by dry, erythematous finely fissured skin, which healed within a few days of skin rest, were found in 18 painters. 8 painters presented dry, fissured finger tips and finger sides. The total group of painters had 25 allergic reactions to the TRUE Test standard series and 11 to the painters' series. 11 test reactions were found to be related to present or previous hand eczema: 4 cases reacted to nickel, cobalt, colophony or N-octyl-isothiazolinone; 2 each to p-tertbutylphenol-formaldehyde resin and benzisothiazolinone (BIT); and 3 to Cl + Me-isothiazolinone. 5 painters were sensitive to BIT without clinical symptoms of skin disease. Hand eczema is no more common among construction painters who work with water-based paints, glues and putties, than in an average population. There are, however, special risks of sensitization and eczema in a construction painter's work that should be considered on employment.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1990

Influence of topical metal binding substances, vehicles, and corticosteroid creams on the allergic patch test reaction in metal-sensitive patients.

Persons known to be allergic to nickel, cobalt, or both were patch tested with serial dilutions of cobalt chloride or nickel sulfate either in petrolatum on skin treated with topical preparations with and without metal-binding compounds or incorporated into such special preparations. A decreased response was found in patients tested with Vioform (clinquinol) and cobalt chloride simultaneously, whereas rutin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavon 3-rhamnoglucosid) increased the response, and polyfloretin phosphate had no effect. The vehicles proved significant: "Ung Merck" and "W/O Cream Base" increased reactivity, whereas polyethylene glycol gave good protection against metal ions. As expected, corticosteroid creams suppressed the inflammatory response.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

Infections as contributing factors to atopic dermatitis.

Certain cutaneous viral infections, such as Herpes simplex, vaccinia and varicella infections are known to occasionally run an usually severe course in AD. Patients with AD display increased frequencies of recurrent cold sores and Herpes zoster and they also have increased antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus. Heavy colonization of the skin with staphylococci and streptococci is common. The findings of increased severity and/or frequencies of these infections in AD may be explained by dysfunctional cell-mediated immunity and by cutaneous changes associated with AD. There is suggestive, but not any firm evidence, that infections play a causal role in the precipitation and exacerbation of AD. Infections are thus, in most cases, probably consequences rather than causes of the disease.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

The Scandinavian multicenter photopatch study 1980-1985: final report.

At 16 different dermatology clinics in Scandinavia from 1980-1985, photopatch testing was performed on 1993 patients with suspected photodermatosis. The collective results are presented in this article. The most common cause of sun-related dermatosis was polymorphic light eruption (PLE) (38%), while secondary aggravation of pre-existing skin diseases was established in 16% of the patient group. Photocontact dermatitis (11%) and contact dermatitis (10%) were responsible for 274 and 369 positive test reactions (respectively) on photopatch testing using the SPDRG standard series. Musk ambrette and para-aminobenzoic acid were the leading photosensitizers, while perfume mixture, balsam of Peru and lichen mixture were the most frequent causes of contact sensitivity. The principal photoallergens and contact allergens in the PLE, persistent light reaction and actinic reticuloid groups are discussed, together with the problems, risks and possible mechanisms of induction of photosensitization in these patients. The incidence, causes and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of secondary sunscreen sensitivity in these groups are also addressed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Recurrent viral infections in patients with past or present atopic dermatitis.

Histories of recurrent infections were obtained from 955 adults with past or present atopic dermatitis (AD) and from 199 controls. Patients who had previously been hospitalized in childhood because of severe AD had a significantly higher incidence of recurrent (greater than 5 episodes per year) cold sores and upper respiratory tract infections as well as a higher incidence of herpes zoster, than non-atopic controls. Patients with milder AD in childhood (never hospitalized) had lower incidence of these diseases, but as regards cold sores, the frequency of recurrent infections was still significantly higher than that of the controls. AD patients with past or present respiratory allergy had a slight but not statistically significant increased incidence of recurrent infections, as compared to AD patients without concomitant respiratory allergy. The factors predisposing to frequent infections appeared to be those related to severity of the atopic condition, i.e. ongoing AD, need for hospitalization in childhood and extent of dermatitis. The increased susceptibility to recurrent viral infections in AD patients is most probably related to dysfunctioning cell-mediated immunity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hand eczema among hard-metal workers.

Seven hundred seventy-six of 800 workers in a hard-metal factory were investigated. The prevalence of hand eczema and irritant reactions of the hands was 10% and 15% respectively. Of 1,006 workers who had left the industry during the previous ten years, 87 had had hand eczema. The cumulative incidence of hand eczema for these ten years was estimated to be 17%. Fifty-two percent of the hand eczemas and 67% of the irritant reactions started during the first year of work. The majority of both the hand eczemas and the irritant reactions first appeared in grinding activities. Wet grinding and oil grinding entailed the highest risks of hand eczema. Hand eczema was significantly more common in individuals with an atopic background. Eighteen percent of the individuals with present or previous hand eczema had positive patch-test reactions. Positive patch tests were equally common among individuals with irritant reactions and those with normal skin.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1985

False-positive, follicular and irritant patch test reactions to metal salts.

853 hard metal workers were patch tested with nickel sulphate 5%, potassium dichromate 0.5% and cobalt chloride 1%, each in petrolatum. Non-allergic reactions appeared in 6.5% of the nickel tests, 13% of the chromium tests and 18.3% of the cobalt tests. Most of the individuals with positive, poral or pustular reactions were retested with serial dilutions of metal salts in pet. and in water. The accuracy of a positive initial nickel reaction was 83%, a chromium reaction 40% and a cobalt reaction 62%. The nonallergic reactions were partly reproducible and correlated with both the type of patch test material and with individual factors. Weak and moderately strong positive patch test reactions to metal salts may be irritant and should be checked with serial dilution tests or at least be retested. A reduction of the cobalt chloride concentration from 1% to 0.5% in the standard test material is discussed.

Chromates↗
PubMed1985

Work-related hand eczema in atopics.

549 individuals with severe (group 1), 406 with moderate (group 2) atopic dermatitis in childhood, 222 with respiratory allergy but no atopic dermatitis in childhood (group 3), and 199 without personal or family atopy (group 4) were studied as to occupational health symptoms due to hand eczema. In groups 1, 2 and 4, there was a slightly significant difference (P less than 0.05) between the frequency of hand eczema in individuals with and without occupational exposure to chemicals, water, soil or wear (friction). Despite no such work, 55% in group 1 and 44% in group 2 had developed hand eczema. About 1/4 of the atopics in extreme risk occupations, such as ladies' hairdressers and nursing assistants, had not developed hand eczema. Altogether, 9% in groups 1 and 2 and 3% in group 4 had changed their jobs due to hand eczema, the majority from work with to work without exposure to chemicals, water, soil or wear. Social factors had usually contributed to the change. The healing rate after taking up a new occupation was 15% in group 1, 36% in group 2 and 67% (4 out of 6) in group 4. The majority of the patients whose eczema had not healed had improved in their new occupations. It is claimed that medical reasons for change of occupation should be carefully weighed against social reasons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Factors influencing the occurrence of hand eczema in adults with a history of atopic dermatitis in childhood.

A series of 955 persons aged 24-44 years, with atopic dermatitis in childhood, were interviewed in order to identify factors which increase the risk of developing hand eczema in adult life, or aggravate already existing hand eczema. Endogenous (constitutional) factors were in general of greater importance than exogenous factors, viz. chemicals, water, soil and wear (friction). Eczematous involvement of the hands in childhood was of predominant importance. In individuals without such involvement, severe (widespread) dermatitis in childhood was a dominant factor. Other factors, each of them significantly more important than the exogenous ones, were persistent eczema on other parts of the body and dry/itchy skin. The factors female sex, family history of atopic dermatitis and simultaneous bronchial asthma/allergic rhinitis were associated with increased risk of developing hand eczema in adult life, but were of limited importance compared with the other endogenous and the exogenous factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Atopic background in patients with occupational hand eczema.

Of 368 patients with hand eczema examined during the years 1978-79, at a Department of Occupational Dermatology, 39% had a history of atopic disease (dermatitis, asthma, or rhinitis). 28% of the patients had or had had atopic dermatitis. The % of atopics in the patient material was highest in the age range 20-24 years, in which 57% of the patients had a history of atopic dermatitis, compared with only 11% in the age range above 35 years. Of all patients with a history of atopy, 22% had developed allergic contact dermatitis, while the corresponding figure for non-atopics was 45% (p less than = 0.001). Positive patch test reactions occurred in a significantly smaller number of individuals with past or present atopic disease than in non-atopics. Atopics had not changed jobs because of hand eczema to a greater extent, but had healed to a lesser extent after change of occupation than non-atopics (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Contact sensitivity in adults with atopic dermatitis in childhood.

2 groups of patients were patch tested with a standard series of allergens. 1 group of 159 individuals aged 24-44 years had a history of severe atopic dermatitis, and the other group of 130 individuals in the same age range, had had moderate atopic dermatitis in childhood. In group 1, positive reactions were recorded in 17% and in group 2 in 23%. A significant difference in the % of individuals with positive reactions was found between those who had healed (9%) and those who had not healed (22%) before 15 years of age (P less than 0.05). The frequency of individuals with hand eczema in adult life was higher, but not significantly, among sensitized than non-sensitized individuals. Altogether 100 positive reactions were found in groups 1 and 2. The average number of positive reactions per person was significantly higher in individuals with than without hand eczema in adult life (P less than 0.05). The most frequent contact allergens were fragrance-mix, balsam of Peru and nickel, which had sensitized 8.0%, 4.5% and 4.1% of the individuals, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Long term follow-up in atopic dermatitis.

A long-term follow-up study (minimum 24 years) has been carried out on 955 individuals with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD), who in childhood had been in- or out-patients at the Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm. 62% of the in-patients and 40% of the out-patients still had dermatitis at investigation. The most common site was the hands. Eczematous hand involvement in childhood had been of predominant importance for the occurrence of hand eczema in adult life. Both tabular and stepwise logistic regression analyses revealed that the prognostically unfavorable factors as regards healing were, in order of importance, severe (widespread) dermatitis in childhood, family history of AD, associated allergic rhinitis, and/or bronchial asthma (with allergic rhinitis as the dominant of these two factors), female sex and early age at onset. Fewer than 20% of the individuals with all these prognostic factors were healed at the time of investigation, whereas 85% of those with none of the factors were healed. Persistent dry/itchy skin in adulthood was also found to be associated with persistent or recurring AD to a significantly (p less than 0.001) higher degree than normal skin. As this factor cannot be used as a predictor in childhood, it was not included in the regression analyses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Viral infections in atopic dermatitis.

In a study of almost 1000 patients with past or present atopic dermatitis (AD) it was found that histories of recurrent (greater than 5 episodes/year) cold sores and upper respiratory infections, as well as histories of zoster were significantly more common in AD patients than in non-atopic controls. Serological studies revealed that AD patients have clearly elevated titers of antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus. These findings suggest that the increased susceptibility to viral infections in AD is due to immune dysfunction rather than to cutaneous alterations which are associated with the disease. The mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility to infections may be related to immunological aberrations that are secondary to a basic abnormality in the fatty acid or cyclic AMP metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic factors in atopic dermatitis.

A long-term follow-up study (24 years minimum) was made of 955 individuals aged 24-44 years, who had atopic dermatitis (AD) in childhood. The material was divided into two groups; patients who in 1952-56 had been hospitalized on at least one occasion at the Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm (Group 1), and patients who in 1955-56 had been out-patients in the same department (Group 2). At the time of investigation 62% and 40% of the patients in Groups 1 and 2 respectively had ongoing dermatitis, the majority with mild skin lesions. The frequency of healing of AD and severity of persistent or recurring dermatitis were influenced by several factors. In order of relative importance, disregarding sampling errors, persistent dry/itchy skin in adult life, widespread dermatitis in childhood, associated allergic rhinitis, family history of AD, associated bronchial asthma, early age at onset, and female sex were associated with low frequency of healing and increased severity of persistent or recurring dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hand eczema in patients with history of atopic manifestations in childhood.

A follow-up study of two groups of individuals aged 24-44 years, with a history of severe and moderate atopic dermatitis in childhood (n = 549 and 406 respectively), showed that the most common site of atopic dermatitis was the hands. The prevalence of hand eczema in the two groups was 41% and 25% respectively. The corresponding figure for a group of 222 individuals with respiratory allergy, but not atopic dermatitis in childhood, was 5%, and for a control group (n = 199), without family or personal atopy, 4%. In all four groups the majority of the patients had mild to moderate hand eczema. The fingers were the most common site in all groups. In 69%, 55%, 36% and 12% respectively, hand eczema was found simultaneously with other eczematous manifestations. Irritants were considered by 71-96% in the four groups to aggravate the hand eczema. Contact with various food substances, particularly proteins, was regarded by 38%, 43%, 30% and 9% as an eliciting/aggravating factor. Dust was looked upon as an eliciting/aggravating factor by 25% and 20% of the individuals in the two groups with atopic dermatitis in childhood, but by no one in the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hand eczema and long-term prognosis in atopic dermatitis.

A follow-up study of 1177 adult patients who had had atopic dermatitis (AD) (Groups 1 and 2) or respiratory allergy (Group 3) in childhood is reported. Patients who had had AD in childhood had received in-patient (Group 1) or out-patient treatment (Group 2) for their dermatitis. 183 patients in Group 1 and 162 in Group 2 were examined clinically. Further, 445 patients who had recently been treated for hand eczema at a department for occupational dermatoses were studied (Group 5). A group of 199 people who had no personal or family history of atopy served as controls (Group 4). The essential findings were as follows: The healing rate was lower (38%) in patients with severe (Group 1) than in those with moderate (60%) childhood dermatitis (Group 2). Although the healing rate was comparatively low in both groups, persistent eczema was in most cases of mild degree. The commonest localization of persistent dermatitis was the hands. The AD had developed earlier in patients who had had severe childhood dermatitis than in those whose childhood AD was moderate. Severe childhood AD was also associated with a significantly higher frequency of family history of atopy and associated respiratory allergy. The inheritance pattern was specific for the different types of atopic disease. A family history of AD was significantly commoner in people with AD than in people with respiratory allergy, and, conversely, people with a family history of respiratory allergy had developed asthma or allergic rhinitis rather than AD. The serum IgE level was raised in 45% and 26% of the clinically examined individuals in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. A comparatively large proportion of patients with persistent or recurrent dermatitis had normal IgE values. There was a strong correlation between the extent of persistent dermatitis and serum IgE levels. It is concluded that the serum IgE cannot be used to establish the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. The number of contact sensitized people was greater in Group 2 (23%) than in Group 1 (17%). Occurrence of contact sensitivity, which was demonstrable in a total of 20% of the patch tested individuals from Groups 1 and 2, was not correlated to prevalence of healing at the time of examination. Fragrance-mix and balsam of Peru were the commonest contact sensitizers. People with a history of AD showed a higher incidence of recurrent (greater than 5 episodes per year) cold sores, upper respiratory infection, and herpes zoster than non-atopic controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Contact sensitivity to nickel in white gold.

Nickel release from white gold discs stored at room temperature for 1 week in synthetic sweat was analyzed. The nickel content of the discs was 2-15%. The nickel release from the discs was 0.09-0.82 microgram. Rhodium plating reduced the nickel release to 0.04-0.54 microgram. 18 nickel-sensitive women were patch tested with the white gold discs and all showed at least 1 positive patch test reaction. All the white gold discs gave a negative dimethylglyoxime test.

Dermatitis, Contact↗