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Biomedical subjects

I Rytömaa

Publications and source records attributed to I Rytömaa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Bulimia and tooth erosion.

Eating disorders are often associated with regurgitation of gastric contents into the mouth and dental erosion. In this study the dental status was evaluated in bulimic patients. Thirty-five bulimics, diagnosed in the Outpatient Departments of Psychiatry and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University Central Hospital in Helsinki, and 105 controls matched for age, sex, and educational level were examined clinically, and the factors associated with dental erosion and caries were evaluated in an interview. Severe dental erosion and dental caries were significantly commoner among bulimics than controls. Bulimics commonly had a low salivary flow rate, but other apparent risk factors of dental erosion did not differ from those of controls. A feeling of dry mouth was commoner among bulimics than controls, and bulimics had an increased tooth sensitivity to cold and touch. More should be done to protect teeth from dental erosion among bulimics, because loss of tooth tissue remains even if the eating disorder disappears.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Academic dissertations by dentists in Finland, 1891-1991, and in Finland, Norway, and Sweden, 1984-93.

Dental education in the Nordic countries was founded in the late 1800s, but the doctor's degree in dentistry (Ph.D.) was established somewhat later. Since the first dissertation in Finland in 1891, a total of 204 doctoral dentist candidates had defended their Ph.D. theses by 1991, 50% of them during the most recent 12 years. Over the 100-year period, 54% of the dentists' Ph.D. theses in Finland were defended at the University of Helsinki, 27% at Turku, 14% at Kuopio, and 5% at Oulu. Women constituted a minority of the candidates (23%) during the first 90 years but 54% from 1982 to 1991. From 1984 to 1993 a total of 374 dentist candidates in Finland, Norway, and Sweden defended their Ph.D. theses. The mean ages of the candidates ranged from 37.7 to 41.7 years for men and from 40.6 to 43.2 years for women. In the 10-year period on average 53 doctor's degrees were received per institute in Sweden, compared with 28 in Finland and 27 in Norway. In all three countries about 6 of 100 graduates in 1980s received a doctor's degree in dentistry. Almost all of these Ph.D. theses were written in English and based on collections of articles. Female candidates dominated in Finland (56%), compared with 34% in Sweden and 26% in Norway, where, however, women's contribution increased most rapidly, being tripled from early 1980s to 1990s.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Occupational syrup-tasting and dental health.

In the sugar industry the quality of a syrup is judged by taste. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tasting affected the taster's teeth. Seven technicians who had tasted syrups for at least 2 years and 21 age-matched controls working in the same factory were investigated. Dental, medical, and dietary histories were obtained, and salivary and intra-oral examinations were undertaken. The tasters had similar DMFS indices to but more decayed surfaces than the controls (3.4 versus 1.0; p < 0.05), especially on proximal surfaces (2.0 versus 0.7; p < 0.05). The tasters had also higher visible plaque index and gingival bleeding index than the controls (23% versus 11% and 23% versus 10%; p < 0.05). We conclude that frequent exposure to syrup may increase caries activity, despite the various preventive measures commonly adopted. It is concluded that those selected for tasting should be carefully examined for general health and oral status and that preventive dental measures be emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of quality of public oral health care on the basis of patient records.

The quality of public oral health care, especially the quality of preventive treatment in relation to patients' oral health, was investigated. The population studied consisted of 367 subjects representing the 15-yr-olds living in Helsinki in 1986. Data were taken from the patients' oral health charts, obtained from municipal dental clinics. Clinical examination of the teeth and periodontium had been adequately documented in 98% of cases. In 84% of cases, status recordings matched those recorded previously. Preventive treatment, on the whole, seemed insufficient and stereotyped. Of all patients 55%, and of those in high risk groups only 57 congruent to 60% had had a topical application of fluoride at least once during treatment. Periodontal treatment was insufficient and did not correlate with recorded clinical findings. The results indicate that the concept of prevention and its selective use had not been fully adopted as routine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Location of dental erosion in a referred population.

The aim of the study reported here was to determine locations of dental erosion and whether or not it is possible to decide the cause of erosion from the location. One hundred and six patients with dental erosion, 54 men and 52 women, mean age of 33.6 years, were studied. Erosion was classified as one of three grades on buccal, lingual or occlusal/incisal surfaces. Dietary and gastric causes of erosion were identified by means of a questionnaire. Erosion was observed on all teeth, but was commonest on the upper incisors, canines and premolars, and severest on palatal surfaces. In both groups, in which erosion had gastric and dietary causes, there were cases of buccal, lingual and occlusal erosion, but the risk of lingual erosion was 1.9 times greater in the group in which erosion had a gastric cause than in the group in which erosion had a dietary cause. Our findings indicate, however, that the cause of dental erosion cannot reliably be identified by location of the lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An eight-year follow-up of the occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars.

The state of the occlusal surfaces of the first permanent molars (FPMs) in a representative group of subjects from seven to 15 years of age was followed retrospectively year by year. Data were taken from oral health records. Standardized charts include information on dental check-ups, oral health status, and the treatment given. The state of each occlusal surface was classified into four categories: (1) sound but unsealed, (2) sealed, (3) filled, or (4) decayed. An overall annual attack rate for all occlusal FPM surfaces was 5.9% per year, and for approximal surfaces, 1.3%. Occlusal caries attacks had been most prevalent between seven and nine years of age, whereas new approximal lesions had been most frequent from ages 11 to 13. The FPMs that had been sealed at the age of seven developed fewer caries than did any other group during the follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Decline in dental caries and public oral health care of adolescents.

The adequacy and appropriateness of the oral health service were evaluated from patient records of 15-year-olds in Helsinki in 1976 and 1986. The subjects selected for the study represented the whole age group participating in public oral health service in the 2 years in question. During the 10 years, substantial decreases were seen in the mean numbers of dental visits (from 4.0 to 2.4) and fillings (from 2.9 to 1.2). The greatest decrease was seen in the number of fillings made in incisors. Slightly fewer preventive measures were carried out in 1986 than 10 years earlier, but no focusing on risk patients was seen. In the 2 years studied, 15-year-olds in the high-risk group received applications of topical fluorides and instructions on oral hygiene as often as those in the low-risk group. A major problem seemed to be the increasing number of unfinished courses of treatment among high-risk patients. We conclude that patients with a higher risk of caries should receive more attention with regard to both the preventive treatment given and ways of motivating them to complete their treatment courses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Drinks and dental health.

The average daily requirement for water in man is 2-3 litres, of which more than half comes from drinks. Although the total consumption of various drinks is quite stable, the choices of beverages are slowly changing. In many Western countries e.g. the use of milk is declining while consumers drink greater amounts of soft drinks, including fruit juices and carbonated beverages. These changes may also affect dental health because of the potential risk of sugar and acid-containing drinks to cause dental caries and erosion. The effects of drinks in the human mouth are, however, strongly related to many individual factors and prediction of dental effects is therefore difficult. Anyway, there are risk patients who should be recognized, and risk products which should be noticed in product formulation. If attention is paid to such factors in the future harmful effects of drinks on teeth may be minimized.

Beverages↗
PubMed1990

Experimental sports drinks with minimal dental erosion effect.

The effects of new experimental sports drinks on dental enamel were studied in vitro using bovine tooth specimens. Profilometric analysis was used to measure the loss of tooth material after immersion of the specimens in the drinks. Thereafter the specimens' surface hardness was measured and scanning electron microphotographs were taken. In addition, 13 commercial sports drinks and experimental drinks containing either citric acid or malic acid were tested for their capacity to dissolve hydroxyapatite in vitro. The erosive effect increased markedly with decreasing pH. The citric acid containing drinks were more erosive than malic acid containing drinks. No erosion was observed with the malic acid containing drink (pH 5.90) but the drink of similar composition containing citric acid caused an erosion 1.3 +/- 1.1 microns deep and a commercial citric acid containing drink caused a lesion 12.3 +/- 4.5 microns deep after 120 min immersion. Softening of enamel was greater in specimens immersed in citric acid than in those immersed in malic acid containing drink. The in vitro hydroxyapatite dissolving effect of the commercial sports drink samples studied (all having a pH under 4.22) was markedly greater (0.48-4.38 mmol/l) than that of the malic acid containing experimental drink (pH 5.50, Ca++ concentration in the supernatant 0.19 mmol/l) and of the similar citric acid containing drink (0.35 mmol/l). The hydroxyapatite dissolving effect of both drinks started to be marked at a pH level of about 5.0 but increased thereafter exponentially with decreasing pH. At pH levels above 4.0 the hydroxyapatite dissolving effect of citric acid containing drinks was greater than that of malic acid containing drinks.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Application of a new mechanical properties microprobe to study hardness of eroded bovine enamel in vitro.

A mechanical properties microprobe technique was used to study bovine tooth specimens that had been immersed in 50 ml of either cola beverage or sports drink for 1 min, 5 min, and 15 min. A Vickers diamond was used to analyze the test and control surfaces at 7V input. This corresponds to a 100 g load of a conventional indentation microhardness apparatus which was used for comparison. The results showed good agreement between the conventional and the microprobe hardness analyses. Enamel softening was found to be significant after 5 min immersion in both acidic drinks, while 1 min immersion did not cause softening. This shows that shorter immersion times than previously used can be applied in dental erosion studies in vitro. Compared with the conventional indentation microhardness measurements, however, the microprobe technique did not offer any advantage, such as assessment of the microelastic properties of enamel, probably because the biologic tissue did not allow reliable data collection during the loading and unloading phases of the instrument.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Caries decline from 1976 to 1986 among 15-year-olds in Helsinki.

This study investigated the occurrence of caries among 15-year-olds using the municipal oral health service in Helsinki in 1976 and in 1986. Data were collected from each subject's personal dental health file as recorded during routine check-ups by dentists in the health centre of the city of Helsinki in the year in question. All indicators showed a significant improvement (p less than 0.001) in dental health during the 10-year period. The percentage of intact teeth and surfaces increased markedly. The mean number of DMF teeth per person fell from 12.1 to 5.1 and that of proximal DF surfaces from 5.6 to 1.5. In the 1976 group, 63% of all occlusal surfaces had been filled or were decayed. Ten years later the figure was 26%. Proximal DFS percentages were 10 and 3%, respectively. The ratios of the total number of proximal to occlusal DFS were 0.6 in 1976 and 0.4 in 1986.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Periodontal status of Finnish adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The periodontal status of 85 12-18 year-old Finnish adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and their paired, age- and sex-matched healthy controls was assessed clinically and radiographically. The clinical examination consisted of plaque index, gingival index (GI), retentive calculus index, WHO community periodontal index of treatment needs, number of pockets greater than or equal to 4 mm and number of surfaces bleeding after probing. Alveolar bone loss was measured interproximally from the first molars in bite-wing radiographs (all subjects) and from the first incisors in periapical X-rays (patients only). The results show that in spite of similar plaque scores, the patients had higher GI scores and more surfaces bleeding after probing. No differences were found in the number of greater than or equal to 4 mm pockets or radiographical bone loss in the first molars.

Adolescent↗