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Biomedical subjects

I S Gambhir

Publications and source records attributed to I S Gambhir.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Significance of Cryptosporidium as an aetiology of acute infectious diarrhoea in elderly Indians.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the significance of Cryptosporidium isolation in elderly Indian with acute infectious diarrhoea and its clinical correlates. DESIGN: A hospital-based clinico-aetiological study of 120 patients aged 60 years or older, 25 adults younger than 60 years and 25 children up to age 14 with acute diarrhoea, and 57 apparently healthy elderly individuals. RESULTS: Cryptosporidium was isolated in 22 older patients with diarrhoea (18.3%) and was highly significant (P < 0.01) compared with healthy age-matched controls. Of these patients 66% had a history of close contact with animals. Most (68%) Cryptosporidium infections occurred during the rainy season. Among the elderly patients 17% suffered from vomiting and abdominal pain, 31% were febrile; none were severely dehydrated. Stools numbered three to nine per day with duration of 5-17 days. Stool leucocytes were <6/hpf and no RBCs were seen. Isolation of Cryptosporidium in older persons was associated with diabetes mellitus (22.7%), tuberculosis (9.0%), malignancy (4.5%) and coronary artery disease (4.5%). CONCLUSION: Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrhoea in elderly Indians, especially those with close contact with animals. The infection has a mild clinical course, is self-limiting and does not cause dysenteric stool. Its effect on nutrition requires further study.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of CSF-adenosine deaminase activity in tubercular meningitis.

Sixty patients of inflammatory brain disease were diagnosed and classified according to clinico-investigational criteria by Ahuja et al into tuberculous meningitis group (36 patients) and non-tuberculous meningitis group (24 patients). Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients were classified as probable (9 patients) and possible (27 patients) TBM. Non-TBM group comprised of pyogenic meningitis (8.3%), viral encephalitis (23.3%), cerebral malaria (5%) and enteric encephalopathy (3.3%). Cerebrospinal fluid-adenosine deaminase (CSF-ADA) activities were measured in both TBM and non-TBM groups. Mean CSF-ADA levels in TBM patients was 9.61 +/- 4.10 IU/L and was significantly elevated as compared to viral encephalitis and enteric encephalopathy cases; but difference was insignificant in comparison to pyogenic meningitis (7.92 +/- 0.95 IU/L) and cerebral malaria. Using 8 IU/L as cut off value for diagnosis of TBM a sensitivity of 44% and specificity of 75% was observed.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1999

Herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in eastern Uttar Pradesh.

OBJECTIVE: To study the proportion of HSV-1 encephalitis in acute viral encephalitis. METHODS: One hundred and five patients presenting with clinical diagnosis of acute viral encephalitis and with exclusion of other possible causes of acute inflammatory brain disease prevalent in the area by relevant laboratory investigations were included in the study. Ninety single CSF samples were tested for HSV-1 IgM antibodies by ELISA test supplied by Dia Medix Corporation, USA. CT Scan and EEG studies were carried out in 25 patients. RESULTS: Clinical and neuro investigational profile of patients suggested a low incidence of HSV-1 encephalitis in the study group. IgM antibodies were present in CSF sample of one patient only. CONCLUSION: HSV-1 encephalitis constitutes a very low proportion (1.1%) of acute viral encephalitis cases seen in Eastern Uttar Pradesh (India).

Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex↗
PubMed1992

Tropical pyomyositis in India: a clinico-histopathological study.

Eighteen cases of tropical pyomyositis, aged 12-45 years, were seen over a 3-year period. There was clustering of cases in January, February and July to October. Male:female ratio was 14:4. Multiple muscular lesions (greater than 2) were common (67%). Extramuscular complications were present in 50% of the cases. Cardio-pulmonary involvement was most frequent. Muscle biopsies, done in 16 cases, showed suppurative changes (pus) in 15 cases and one case of non-suppurative myositis. Muscle necrosis, cellular infiltration with polymorphs and haemorrhage in-between muscle fibres were common.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sublingual nifedipine in hypertensive emergencies with special reference to cerebrovascular accident.

Effect of sublingual nifedipine was evaluated in 39 cases of hypertensive emergencies (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 120 mm Hg with impending organ failure, loss of vital function or death). It was found to be effective (95%), safe, with prompt (with 15 minutes) and predictable response (lowering of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure by 30% at the end of 3 hours), and few adverse effects. Its use in patients of cerebrovascular accident (24 cases) was found to be effective and safe without any significant clinical problem or increased mortality.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1989

Cardiac changes in acute viral hepatitis in Varanasi (India): case reports.

Three cases of acute viral hepatitis are reported with various cardiac changes such as transient left ventricular hypertrophy, myocarditis and progressive cardiomegaly (cardiomyopathy). Extra-hepatic manifestations of acute viral hepatitis are rare but have been well documented. The aims of the present study are to highlight the cardiac involvement in acute viral hepatitis and to report the clinical implications of cardiac changes in acute viral hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗