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Biomedical subjects

I Söderback

Publications and source records attributed to I Söderback.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The actual state of the effects, treatment and incidence of disabling pain in a gender perspective-- a Swedish study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to elicit the actual state of self-perceived experience of long-term and/or recurrent pain and its effects as reported by women and men with disabilities due to pain, in order to determine criteria for assessing the need for measures in rehabilitation/occupational therapy. METHODS: The study used a comparative design with a sample randomized from the Swedish population aged 18-58 years (n = 10,000). The inclusion criterion was that the respondents had or had had pain causing activity limitation or restricting participation in daily life. A special questionnaire including items concerning demography, pain, coping, occupations in daily life, work, treatments, care institutions and hospital/care staff visited, was posted to 1,849 persons and was answered by 1,448 respondents (study group n = 1,305, control group n= 117). RESULTS: Gender differences were found in the overall prevalence of pain, women reporting more frequent episodes of pain than men did. Differences were also found in pain variables, in daily occupations, days of sick-leave and work variables. Women completed more varied treatment than men. The incidence rate of long-term/recurrent pain in the population studied was 0.07. CONCLUSIONS: As a conclusion from this study, three essential components are suggested for use when assessing the need for rehabilitation/occupational therapy: (1) shoulder/arm or lower back pain of aching, tensed and/or searing character, particularly among women; (2) emotional/affective pain effects causing restlessness and depression, particularly among women; and (3) limitations in daily occupations assessed by FSQ and the demand/control/support model with results falling within the warning zones plus long sick-leave periods.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Assessing health care needs: the actual state of self-perceived activity limitation and participation restrictions due to pain in a nationwide Swedish population.

Needs assessment may be helpful in establishing health care priorities, especially when community financial resources are reduced and the need and demand for health services are increasing. As the starting point of empirical studies concerning needs assessment of rehabilitation and occupational therapy, this study aimed to establish the prevalence of self-perceived activity limitation and/or participation restrictions due to long-term or recurrent pain. The study sample (n = 10000) was taken at random from the Swedish population aged 18-58 years. After three reminders, the response rate to a postal questionnaire was 77.1%, by mail or to a telephone answering machine. The main results indicated prevalence frequencies of 26%, showing the actual state of self-perceived activity limitation and/or participation restrictions due to long-term and/or recurrent pain. Differences were found between genders, among almost all age-classes and between persons who had pain currently and those who had had pain previously. Suggested indicators from the study result were women born between 1940 and 1949 with long-term pain and previous pain.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

A needs assessment for referral to occupational therapy. Nurses' judgment in acute cancer care.

As a step toward developing criteria for referral to occupational therapy, the study set out to assess patients' needs of occupational therapy in an acute cancer care hospital. A 31-item Needs Assessment Questionnaire was produced. It was intended to reflect interventions/ measures of occupational therapy. Seventeen questions eliciting information on occupational therapy gave a factor with an alpha coefficient of 0.92. Four single questions on occupational therapy did not form a factor. Six questions about the disease had an alpha coefficient of 0.83, whereas four about rehabilitation prognoses formed a factor with an alpha coefficient of 0.57. The questionnaire was completed by 40 day-shift primary-care nurses acting as key informants. Their answers concerned a total of 88 of their patients. Twenty-six percent of the patients had been recommended for or referred to occupational therapy, whereas many whom the nurses judged to need this (47%) had not been referred (p = 0.01 chi-squared test, 10.59 McNemar test). Hence, no logical pattern of referral was found, and this seems to highlight both the absence of and the need for clear referral criteria.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Wheelchair users' experience of non-adapted and adapted clothes during sailing, quad rugby or wheel-walking.

The purpose of the present quasi-experimental post-test-design study was to compare 32 wheelchair users' (mostly para/tetraplegics) experience of wearing specially adapted clothes and non-adapted clothes for sailing, quad rugby or wheel-walking. Four existing assessment instruments were used: the Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living Scale; a two-part Basic Information Questionnaire eliciting experience of effort, comfort and feeling of physical condition; the Experience Sampling Form for investigating the individuals' attitudes in terms of involvement and affective and activity mood states, and the Occupational Therapy Assessment of Leisure Time interview framework for collecting data about experience of leisure time. The wheelchair users all associated significantly greater comfort with use of the adapted clothes and, particularly the 'sailors', better physical condition. Overall, significantly greater involvement and more positive affect states were associated with the adapted clothes than with conventional garments, and mood state changed for the better. The wheelchair users set a higher priority upon work or leisure activities than upon independence in activities of daily living, and for this reason the Klein-Bell ratings showed great variation between the 'sailors' and the 'quad rugby players' (range 57%-93%), though these groups demonstrated more independence than the 'wheel-walkers'. The results of the study confirm the value of adapting sportswear for handicapped people. Such adaptations should also be of benefit for other activities than those studied.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of patients with chronic back pain using the "Functional Status Questionnaire".

Forty-eight patients with chronic back pain undergoing a rehabilitation program were assessed with the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) during the first week of rehabilitation and after 6 weeks, 6 months and one year. In their first test, all the patients showed diminished functional capacity in at least one of five summary scales, indicating serious health problems and a need for rehabilitation. The test-retest correlation was k = 0.96, indicating high reliability of the questionnaire. After 6 weeks of rehabilitation the patients estimated significant improvements regarding "Satisfaction with health", "Mental health" and "Number of close friends". Some of these improvements were maintained after 6 months and one year. The "Basic ADL" and "Intermediate ADL" scales, however, showed no changes, indicating either low sensitivity or that no real changes had occurred during the rehabilitation period. The FSQ is recommended for use among patients with chronic back pain, but the tests need to be supplemented with other measurements concerning ADL capacity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Video feedback in occupational therapy: its effects in patients with neglect syndrome.

The use of video feedback in occupational therapy was evaluated in four patients with right hemisphere stroke and hemineglect. The study followed a single-case research experimental pretest, posttest, and follow-up (A1, B, A2, A3) design. Phases A1 and A2 included four observation times and phase A3 three, with 12 weeks for each patient. Three household tasks were assessed, and the patients' neglect behavior while performing these was videorecorded. One paper-and-pencil task using a modified Albert's test was also used, but not filmed. In the intervention program, the patients watched the film, which was stopped by the occupational therapist where the neglect behavior was significant. Through dialogue, the patients were led to perceive and interpret their neglect behavior, and strategies for relearning and remediation were recommended. The program seems to be effective for remediation and relearning a functional way of working.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Individualized adaptation of clothes for impaired persons. A comparison of two groups with and without experience of adapted clothes.

Impaired persons often have difficulties in obtaining suitable clothing. Questionnaires on this subject were sent to a consecutive series of impaired persons. Group 1 (n = 50) had received adapted clothes and group 2 (n = 81) had not. Questionnaire A (both groups) contained general questions on clothes and questionnaire B (Group 1) contained questions on adapted clothes. The result of the study shows a significant difference (p less than 0.01) between the need for adapted clothing in group 1 and group 2. No significant difference was found between the groups regarding the reason for obtaining and using adapted clothes. It was difficult for 94% in group 1 and 85% in group 2 to obtain clothes which were suitable for the individual's impairment and which made their daily activities easier. In group 1 the adapted garments were of most value when dressing and undressing (86%). They also reduced the time needed, by 31% for the individual, by 43% for a helper; and by 62% when going to the toilet. The adapted garments were considered smarter and more comfortable by 64%. Eighteen per cent considered that wearing them had increased their self-confidence.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

The effectiveness of training intellectual functions in adults with acquired brain damage. An evaluation of occupational therapy methods.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and maintenance of occupational therapy training of intellectual functions. Gain in generalization, by which is meant the transfer of newly-learned skills to novel but appropriate tasks, was also studied. Sixty-seven patients with acquired brain damage underwent 14 weeks of training in one of the following four groups, to which selection was randomized: Intellectual Function Training (IFT) plus a regular rehabilitation programme (R) (n = 15), Intellectual Housework Training (IHT) plus R (n = 19), and IFT + IHT + R (n = 15). The fourth group, which received regular rehabilitation only (R) (n = 18) was the control. A four-group, pretest-posttest, follow-up, controlled experimental test design was adopted. The training result was assessed with the Intellectual Function Assessment (IFA), the Intellectual Housework Assessment (IHA) and 15 psychometric tests. Comparison between the IFT, the IHT and the IFT + IHT groups respectively and the R group indicated some areas of function where individualized intellectual training was more effective than a regular rehabilitation programme of occupational therapy. The development of intellectual functions within each group was obvious in most areas, but less so within the R group than in the others. The maintenance of training effects could not be demonstrated satisfactorily. Generalization gains were demonstrated in 4/5 "theoretical" intellectual functional areas assessed with IFA, and in 3/7 "practical" intellectual functional areas assessed with IHA.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A housework-based assessment of intellectual functions in patients with acquired brain damage. Development and evaluation of an occupational therapy method.

The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a housework-based method of selecting, from among adults with acquired brain damage, those who would benefit from housework-based training; and of assessing the effects of such training. The method presented--the Intellectual Housework Assessment (IHA)--consists of two parallel programmes of seven subtests, each including eight observation points. There is also a manual. The reliability of the IHA was tested in a group of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients. Construct validity was studied by calculating the mean IHA difference between the patient group and a group of nonclinical persons. Concurrent validity was studied through comparison with the Intellectual Function Assessment (IFA), with a psychometric test battery and with an ADL status. The results of the study indicate that IHA is an adequate instrument for the purposes specified.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Intellectual Function Training in adults with acquired brain damage. An occupational therapy method.

An occupational therapy method termed Intellectual Function Training (IFT) is presented for cognitive retraining of patients with brain damage. Comprehensive training material, comprising about 900 pages, is described. The method is used to remediate intellectual dysfunction and to give intellectual stimulation, particularly concerning the following abilities: visual perception ability, spatial ability, verbal ability, numerical ability, memory ability and logical ability. The material is used for systematic individualized, daily treatment over a period of 2-4 months. The way in which the material is used is based on neuropsychological and pedagogical principles. Examples of training tasks and the training procedure are given.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intellectual Function Training in adults with acquired brain damage. Evaluation.

Intellectual Function Training (IFT) is an occupational therapy method for remediating cognitive functions in patients with acquired brain damage and has been presented in a previous paper. It has been evaluated by comparing a group of trained patients (n = 13) using the IFT method with a control group (n = 13) which underwent conventional rehabilitation. The trained group received IFT for 40 min each day, 5 days a week for about three months. Age, education and neurological status did not differ between the groups. The measurement methods of evaluation were Intellectual Function Assessment (IFP) and three psychometric test batteries. At the beginning of the study there was no significant difference in any subtest between the two groups. After the training period there was a significant difference of at least p less than 0.05 between the trained and the control group in the IFP battery, except for the Long-term Memory subtest. The improvement for the trained group was evident six months later at the time of the follow-up measurement, clearly indicating a significant difference between the groups. In one psychometric subtest a significant difference of p less than 0.01 was found. Within the experimental group over the study time there was a slight increase in performance which was notable in seven of the psychometric subtests p less than 0.05-p less than 0.001. The positive effect of IFT is considered to be specific for the type of task in which the patients were trained, while evidence of the effect on general intellectual function is inconclusive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Discharge of frail older people from acute hospitals across Europe.

Over the last few years the number of elderly patients in acute hospitals throughout Europe has risen dramatically. The pressure on hospital beds leads to earlier discharge and the task of sending patients home from hospitals is becoming more complex. The provision of health and social services is organized in different ways all over Europe. Therefore, it would be of interest to know more about how different kinds of systems support the professional carers in their effort to satisfy the needs which older people and their significant others experience in the discharge process. A pilot study was set up mainly to provide information on what kinds of problems are inherent in a multicentre, interprofessional research project involving a large number of countries. The findings serve as an important knowledge base in a future project. Experiences from the pilot study and the benefits of it are presented.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impairment/function and disability/activity 3 years after cerebrovascular incident or brain trauma: a rehabilitation and occupational therapy view.

A consecutive series of 195 individuals who had had a stroke or brain trauma in 1986 responded in 1989 to a questionnaire about the consequences of the incident for occupational performance. The questionnaire contained 86 questions organized to correspond to the WHO International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH). The questions were distributed over 11 areas of occupational performance: work, leisure activities/social role, life satisfaction, sensori-motor, perceptual, intellectual, emotional function, sleep, personal care, domestic/housework/gardening, and temporal adaptation. None of the individuals considered they had attained the same level of occupational performance in all 11 areas as before the incident. Eight patterns of occupational performance were identified: 35% considered that they performed personal care at the same level and had the same temporal adaptation as before the incident, and that they had minimal impairment/disability in the other areas of occupational performance; 27% thought that they had a considerable degree of disability in all areas of occupational performance except for temporal adaptation; 8% thought that they had imbalance in temporal adaptation and severe performance difficulties in all 11 areas of occupational performance; 4% were dissatisfied with their life situation, and had a changed family role, did not practise the leisure activities they wanted, and had severe sleep problems; and for 9% the levels of performance varied a great deal and depended on the particular area of performance. The consequences of stroke or brain trauma for function and activity 3 years afterwards are considerable.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical and social factors affecting behaviour patterns in patients with acquired brain damage: a study of patients living at home three years after the incident.

This study aimed to describe the consequence of stroke or brain trauma 3 years after the incident for individuals living at home, and how patterns of behaviour were influenced by determinants. One hundred and eighty-eight individuals in three age groups answered a questionnaire. Answers were classified according to WHO's ICIDH, and 11 areas of behaviour were distinguished. Diagnoses and locations of lesions were noted from medical records. Impairment and disability increased with increasing age at the time of the incident. Individuals working before but not after the incident indicated decreased life satisfaction and changed intellectual function, personal care, and domestic/housework/gardening activities, and inability to organize their time. Those who had resumed work but at different tasks indicated changed emotional and sensorimotor function and content in leisure activities. The influence of the localization and lateralization of the lesion is also discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗