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Biomedical subjects

I Sanou

Publications and source records attributed to I Sanou.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[W135 meningococcus meningitis: study of 148 cases observed in 2002 and 2003 at the National Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso].

The purpose of this report is to describe the bacteriological features, clinical signs and therapeutic outcome of 148 cases of W135 meningococcus meningitis observed during meningitis outbreaks in Burkina Faso in 2002 and 2003. Diagnosis was based on microbiological study of cerebrospinal fluid. Cases of meningococcus meningitis were recorded throughout the study period with the peak number of cases occurring around the 14th week. There was a slight male predominance (56.1%) and young patients between one and 15 years accounted for 81.7% of cases. The mean interval between onset of symptoms and hospitalization was 2.6 days and the mean duration of hospitalization was 5.5 days. The most common clinical signs were fever (98.6%), stiff neck (90.5%),Brudzinski's sign (85.1%),Kernig's sign (66.2%), altered consciousness (41.9%), vomiting (36.5%) and headaches (34.5%). In most cases treatment with a singie dose of chiorazuphenicol in oil was curative. Overall mortality was 15.5% idth no correlation with sex or age. Seventeen of the 23 deaths occurred within 24 hours after their admission to the hospital. The other six deaths occurred on the second day after admission inS cases and fifth day in one case. Convulsions, shock and altered consciousness were consistent poor prognostic signs. A correlation was found between mortality and interval for hospitalization with better survival in patients receiving prompt treatment. Study of the susceptibility of 102 samples showed that W135 meningococcus was sensitive to penicillin G, ampicillin,ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol but resistant to sulfamides (cotrimoxazole). Bacterial meningitis is an Important factor of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our findings indicate that the bacteriological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of W135 meningococcus is do not differ greatly from those of meningococcus A. Since W135 meningitis is susceptible to antibiotics used to cure meningitis, campaigns to promote early detection and treatment must be continued.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Molecular characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Burkina Faso in 2001.

In the course of an epidemic of meningitis in Burkina Faso in 2001, 27 cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients in 7 districts were forwarded to Norway for isolation and characterization of the causative agents. Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from 13 (48%) samples. The isolates were analysed using serological and genetic methods. Of the 13 strains, 4 were serogroup A, serotype 21:P1.9, sequence type (ST)-5 and belonged to clonal subgroup III, while the remaining 9 strains were serogroup W135, serotype 2a:P1.5,2, ST-11 and belonged to the electrophoretic type-37 complex. PCR analyses revealed meningococcal DNA in 13/14 culture-negative samples. Sequence analysis of the PCR products demonstrated that at least 3 different meningococcal strains were responsible for these 13 cases. Our results show that the W135 strain associated with the 2000 hajj (Muslim pilgrimage) outbreak was a significant cause of disease in Burkina Faso in 2001. Further studies are warranted to determine whether W135 is about to replace serogroup A in sub-Saharan Africa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies in children at the University Hospital Center of Ouagadougou (analysis of 96 cases)].

Over a 10-year period, a series 96 patients were treated for laryngotracheal and bronchial foreign bodies in the ENT department of the Ouagadougou University Hospital Center (Burkina Faso). The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemioclinical features and therapeutic pitfalls encountered in that series and to propose measures to improve management. The age of patients ranged from 10 months to 14 years. The male-female ratio was 1.7. Anamnesis documented foreign body aspiration was obtained in 77% of cases. The foreign body was organic in 78 cases (81.2%) including vegetal material in 56 cases. Management was delayed due to late diagnosis since only 59.3% of the patients were admitted to the hospital within the 48 first hours. Endoscopic removal was performed in all cases but such procedures remain challenging in developing countries due to a lack of proper anesthetic facilities, skilled personnel and adequate equipment. Tracheostomy was performed in 10.4% of cases mainly in patients with foreign bodies located in larynx. One patient died during extraction. In addition to providing more information and education on prevention of laryngotracheal and bronchial foreign bodies, better management requires better training of medical personnel and improvement of technical facilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Haemoglobin C protects against clinical Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Haemoglobin C (HbC; beta6Glu --> Lys) is common in malarious areas of West Africa, especially in Burkina Faso. Conclusive evidence exists on the protective role against severe malaria of haemoglobin S (HbS; beta6Glu --> Val) heterozygosity, whereas conflicting results for the HbC trait have been reported and no epidemiological data exist on the possible role of the HbCC genotype. In vitro studies suggested that HbCC erythrocytes fail to support the growth of P. falciparum but HbC homozygotes with high P. falciparum parasitaemias have been observed. Here we show, in a large case-control study performed in Burkina Faso on 4,348 Mossi subjects, that HbC is associated with a 29% reduction in risk of clinical malaria in HbAC heterozygotes (P = 0.0008) and of 93% in HbCC homozygotes (P = 0.0011). These findings, together with the limited pathology of HbAC and HbCC compared to the severely disadvantaged HbSS and HbSC genotypes and the low betaS gene frequency in the geographic epicentre of betaC, support the hypothesis that, in the long term and in the absence of malaria control, HbC would replace HbS in central West Africa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Pityriasis rosea in secondary schools in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso].

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis rosea is a spontaneously regressive benign erythematous squamous dermatosis. A better understanding of this condition in developing countries would be useful. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross section study based on one-day surveys in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, secondary schools. The stratified cluster sampling method described by Henderson was used. Six thousand pupils were examined to collect epidemiology and clinical data and to determine the presence of complications and results of complementary explorations performed. RESULTS: Thirty-six cases of pityriasis rosea were observed (0.6 p. 100). Prevalence was higher in children from an unfavorable social and economic background. A typical eruption was often observed with classical localizations and morphology in 86.1 p. 100 of the cases. Pruritus was often observed with an inaugural lesion (61.1 p. 100) predominantly on the upper limbs (54.6 p. 100) and the trunk (31.8 p. 100) measuring 1 to 3 cm. A typical second eruption was found in most cases, situated on the trunk (75 p. 100), distal portions of the limbs (64.4 p. 100), proximal portions of the limbs (33.3 p. 100) and the neck (30.5 p. 100). The eruption evolved for 1 week to 1 month in most cases (61 p. 100). In 55.5 p. 100 of the cases, therapeutic abstention was the rule. Secondary treatment-related complications occurred in 38.9 p. 100 of the cases. Stool studies generally demonstrate ameba cysts. Syphilis serology was negative. DISCUSSION: Our sampling technique in the secondary school setting provided a representative sample of the urban population of African cities. This work demonstrated the variability of prevalence by social and economic conditions and is in favor of an infections cause, demonstrating several similar features with other series reported in the literature. Generally, a stool study is not necessary and syphilis serology is negative in typical cases. Health care workers should be more aware of pityriasis rosea in order to avoid poorly adapted treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Evolution of the demography of anesthesia practitioners in French speaking Sub-Saharan Africa].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the course of the demography of anaesthesia providers in French-speaking subsaharian countries. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective survey. PERSONS: Doctors trained in anaesthesia and nurse anaesthetists registered in West African medical societies. METHODS: Countries, hospitals, anaesthesia manpower, seniority and place of training were analysed. RESULTS: In the 13 French-speaking subsaharian countries including 97.5-M inhabitants, 122 doctors and 868 nurses were registered as anaesthetists in 1998. Mean ratios were one doctor trained in anaesthesia for 799,180 inhabitants and one nurse anaesthetist for 112,327 inhabitants. From 1980 to 1998, these figures increased by a factor 11 for doctors (+1100%) and by a factor two for nurses (+100%). Most doctors were working in the chief town, in both public and private health care institutions. CONCLUSIONS: In all French-speaking subsaharian countries, a major shortage of doctors trained in anaesthesia is existing.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed1999

Severe malaria in Burkina Faso: urban and rural environment.

The age distribution and the clinical patterns of severe malaria (SM) were compared in patients from urban areas characterized by relatively low transmission, and from rural areas where the mean inoculation rates are at least twenty fold higher. The mean age of the urban and rural patients was 4.8 +/- 3.0 and 2.2 +/- 1.9 respectively (p < 0.000). The prevalence of coma was higher in the urban subsample (53.6 vs 28.9%, p << 0.000) while that of severe anemia (hemoglobin < 5 g/dl) was higher in rural patients (47.4 vs 14.8%, p < 0.000). Our data, in line with previous results obtained comparing rural areas characterized by different inoculation rates, show that the epidemiological context influences the clinical presentation of SM.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Severe malaria in Burkina Faso: influence of age and transmission level on clinical presentation.

We analyzed the clinical presentation of 800 severe malaria cases six months to 15 years of age (mean +/- SD = 4.3 +/- 3.0) recruited at the pediatric ward of the Ouagadougou University Hospital, and at the Sourou and Nayala District Hospitals in Burkina Faso. Inclusion criteria followed the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of severe and complicated malaria. The children were treated according to WHO guidelines with a complete regimen of drugs that were provided free of charge as part of the study. The case fatality rate of each sign and symptom of severe malaria was calculated on the 686 children whose outcomes were known. A total of 95 patients (13.8%) died while in the hospital; the mean +/- SD age of these children was 3.2 +/- 2.1 years. The age distribution and the clinical patterns of severe malaria was compared in patients from the urban areas of Ouagadougou characterized by relatively low transmission, and from rural areas where the mean inoculation rates are at least 20-fold higher. The mean +/- SD age of the urban and rural patients was 4.8 +/- 3.0 and 2.2 +/- 1.9 years, respectively (P < 0.001). The prevalence of coma was higher in the urban subsample (53.6% versus 28.9%; P << 0.001) while that of severe anemia (hemoglobin < 5 g/dL) was higher in rural patients (47.4% versus 14.8%; P < 0.001). Our data, in line with previous results obtained comparing rural areas characterized by different inoculation rates, show that the epidemiologic context influences the clinical presentation of severe malaria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Progressive noma: apropos of 27 cases seen at the National Hospital Center of Ouagadougou].

This retrospective study objects to report epidemiological profile, clinical display and take care of progressive noma at the National Hospital Center of Ouagadougou. We assign the term noma to the gangrenous gingivo-stomatitis occurring in a prone environment, leading in a few days into a sharp ulcer in the soft parts, accompanied by halitosis. This definition excludes noma like-lesions. 27 cases have been observed in the ENT department and the Paediatrics between 1991 and 1995. They were 17 boys and 10 girls aging between 2 and 8 years and most of them coming from families with modest income (76%). The consultation delay averaged 8 days. The research for associated pathologies showed 63% energizing and protein malnutrition. We only observed unilateral localisations and no case of extra-facial one. At the stage we received our patients, the gangrenous was formed and the aspect evoked noma right away. Quite a lot needs to be done for precocious diagnosis because it is at the beginning phase that best evolution is obtained. Even though no evidence of the responsibility of a specific pathogenic germ was established so far, nevertheless, the assumption that has more support remains that of a bacterial infection in a prone environment. The vital prognosis of the progressive noma appears to be much linked with intensive care and feeding again. The hope to see this poverty-linked pathology under control is essentially based on prevention: medical population information, medical personnel's awareness for early diagnosis and best take care of these patients, improvement of the living conditions of the people and the health care services.

Burkina Faso↗
PubMed1998

[Helicobacter pylori infections in children in the tropical zone. Endoscopic and histological aspects].

AIMS: To assess the endoscopic and histological aspects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children in a prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and four children (6 months-15 years old), with digestive symptoms admitted to the Pediatric Department of the National Hospital of Ouagadougou between February Ist and October 31 1996, underwent upper digestive endoscopy with fundic and antral biopsies for histological and bacteriological analysis. RESULTS: Endoscopy was normal in 80 cases (77%). No lesion was specific of H. pylori infection. Nodular gastritis was observed in 3% of the cases only. Duodenal ulcers were seen in 3 children (3%). 83% of the children had chronic antral gastritis, associates with H. pylori in 95% of the cases. The lesions were follicular gastritis (45%), mild atrophic gastritis (38.5%) and lymphocytic gastritis (1%). Follicular gastritis was more pronounced in the antrum than in the fundus. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of early H. pylori infection and chronic gastritis in children contrasts with the rarity of gastric cancer in black Africa. Protective factors or peculiar strains should be searched for.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Malignant keratoma].

INTRODUCTION: Birth of an Harlequin fetus in an African maternity ward is an exceptional event. There is no question as to the diagnosis, but no treatment is available. CASE REPORT: A female infant was delivered with typical lesions of malignant keratoma. Death occurred 20 hours after birth. DISCUSSION: In countries with adequate intensive care facilities (hydration, acitretine), such infants may occasionally survive with the risk of developing major lamellar ichthyosis which remains a handicap for the rest of life. In Burkina-Faso, such therapeutic facilities are lacking as are means of antenatal diagnosis. The ethical question as to whether or not to attempt survival measures is quite different under these conditions.

Burkina Faso↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of Vibrio cholerae isolation over 10 years in CHU Fann].

A retrospective study, concerning ten thousand five hundred and sixty five (10,565) stool samples examined from 1981 to 1990, was done at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Fann University Hospital, Dakar (Sénégal). One thousand and six hundred and eighty (1680) enteropathogen agents were detected (15.9%), five hundred ninety two (592) of which were vibrio cholerae. The quasi totality strains of the vibrio cholerae (99.8%) belonged to the Ogawa serotype; they were isolated mainly during the hot and raining season. Young male adults were the most infected. Most of the strains revealed sensitive to Sulfamids and Tetracycline.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[An epidemic of measles in Burkina Faso: 714 cases hospitalized in the hospital at Bobo-Dioulasso. A study of risk factors].

From January 1986 through June 1987, 714 children with measles were admitted to the Pediatric Department of the Sanou Souro Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso. Eighty-four per cent of cases occurred during the first semester of 1987. Sixty per cent of patients were 9 to 35 months of age. The case-fatality rate was 29.1% (31.5% during the first semester of 1987, 12% in 1986). Fifty-five per cent of deaths occurred within 24 hours of admission. The most common clinical features upon admission included dehydration (91% of patients), diarrhea (64%), conjunctivitis (56%), fever in excess of 39.5 degrees C (50%), respiratory infection (46%), and cardiovascular collapse (34.5%). Factors associated with a fatal outcome included dehydration and cardiovascular collapse, poor nutritional status, and occurrence of the disease during the dry season (March, April, May). In most cases, immunization status of affected children was unknown. The high mortality rate can be ascribed to the significant delay with which medical care was provided, due in part to the inadequacy of primary health care facilities. This outbreak denotes the inadequacy of immunization against this disease that is included in the Extended Immunization Program.

Burkina Faso↗