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Biomedical subjects

I Scheer

Publications and source records attributed to I Scheer.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Ultrasound in abdominal and soft-tissue childhood PTLD (post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease).

AIM: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a rare condition, which should be well known to all paediatric medical facilities dealing with bone marrow and solid organ transplantation. The spectrum and the primary detecting modality of the initial imaging findings in paediatric transplant recipients with abdominal and soft-tissue PTLD should be studied retrospectively. METHOD: 7 children/adolescents (female: 4, male: 3; age: 3 - 19 yrs.; study period: 7 yrs.) after heart (5), kidney (1) or liver (1) transplantation were evaluated regarding their initial clinical and imaging findings of PTLD. RESULTS: 6 patients had a latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. PTLD presented with clinical symptoms in only 5 patients (ileus: 2, soft-tissue swelling: 2, intussusception: 1) and was detected on routine abdominal ultrasound (US) controls in the remaining patients. US was the primary imaging modality in all children and led to suspecting PTLD in 6 patients. In the seventh case, US had been misinterpreted first. Compared to US, additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) better demonstrated the extent of the disease in 3 children, but were even inferior in another 3. There was no completely false-negative US examination during the study period. CONCLUSION: US is reliable for detecting as well as excluding abdominal and soft-tissue PTLD in paediatric patients after solid-organ transplantation and might even be superior to MRI/CT. Therefore, all patients with an increased risk of developing PTLD should be closely monitored by ultrasound. MRI/CT may be reserved for supplementary imaging in cases incomplete or equivocal on US, but are primarily essential in all patients with a localisation of PTLD not accessible by US.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Bilateral agenesis of the superior vena cava associated with congenital hydrothorax.

Agenesis of the superior vena cava is a rare anomaly that is generally asymptomatic in the neonate. We report a male neonate with bilateral (total) agenesis of the superior vena cava with obstructed thoracic duct and subsequent congenital hydrothorax, anomalies that were detected by prenatal ultrasound at 25 weeks' gestation. The cardiac anomaly was confirmed by postnatal magnetic resonance angiography. The chylothorax disappeared with conservative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Congenital cystic lung malformations].

PURPOSE: The aim of the study concerning congenital cystic lung malformations was to evaluate prenatal diagnoses postnatally to determine prognostic factors as well as to define optimized perinatal management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is based on 45 prenatal ultrasound examinations depicting fetal cystic lung lesions. 32 of the mothers had follow-up examinations. 5 pregnancies were terminated due to CCAM and additional malformations. Complete regression of the lesions was seen prenatally in 8 cases and postnatally in 5 children. RESULTS: Surgical intervention due to respiratory insufficiency was necessary in 4 neonates. According to the imaging results, CCAM was present in 4 cases and sequestration in 7 patients. No correlation between the imaging findings and the surgical results was found in 3 children: One child suffered from rhadomyoid dysplasia, and in the case of the second child, a left-sided hernia of the diaphragm and additional sequestration were detected. The third child showed AV malformation. The cystic lesions of the 14 children operated upon were proven histologically. The degree of accuracy in the present study was high. CONCLUSION: Precise perinatal management is warranted in order to determine according to the clinical relevance surgical intervention and to prevent complications after the first year of life. This is performed during the neonatal period for respiratory insufficient neonates and within the first year of life for clinically stable children.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2006

[Infradiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration].

PURPOSE: To demonstrate characteristic imaging findings in infradiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration (IEPS) with special emphasis on ultrasound (US). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The imaging material (pre- and postnatal US in all cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 2 cases) for 4 infants (3 girls, 1 boy) was reviewed. 2 patients underwent surgery (after birth and at 4 months of age, respectively) and the diagnosis of IEPS was confirmed. The other 2 patients were monitored conservatively using US for up to 15 months. RESULTS: All 4 left-side suprarenal masses exhibited the same characteristic sono-morphology, leading to the suspected diagnosis of IEPS. The masses were small (max. 10 ml), hyperechoic with cystic components and without calcifications, well demarcated and separate from the normal kidney and the suprarenal gland, and without any change in prenatal and directly postnatal size. Doppler US showed low-grade perfusion in all cases and an aberrant systemic artery originating from the abdominal aorta in 2 cases. MRI did not add any fundamental information. Despite the suspected imaging diagnosis of IEPS and negative urinalyses for neuroblastoma, 2 patients underwent surgery for histological confirmation. The lesions in the other 2 patients were monitored via US. A complete disappearance after 4 months in one patient and a continuous decrease in size over 15 months in the other patient were documented. CONCLUSION: Based on the characteristic findings of prenatal and postnatal US, IEPS can be diagnosed reliably. With the knowledge of its benign spontaneously regressing behavior, suspected suprarenal lesions should be treated conservatively via US monitoring.

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration↗
PubMed2004

[Currarino syndrome: variability of imaging findings in 22 molecular-genetically identified (HLXB9 mutation) patients from five families].

PURPOSE: The imaging documents, obtained in connection with a primarily molecular genetic study on Currarino syndrome, should be evaluated with special respect to the constancy resp. the variability of findings in patients with proven HLBX9 mutations. METHODS: In five female non-related index patients with clinico-radiologically diagnosed Currarino syndrome and further 53 members of their families, changes of the homeobox gene HLXB9 had been analysed. Variable mutations of this gene were found in a total of 23 individuals including the five index patients. In 22 of them the preexisting radiological documents could be collected as well as further imaging (plain sacrococcygeal radiography and/or lumbosacral MRI at least) initiated. This was followed by a detailed evaluation of pathological findings in the os sacrum/coccyx as well as in the presacral, the intraspinal, the anorectal, and the urogenital region, finally. RESULTS: Imaging investigations revealed concomitant phenotypic abnormalities in all and even nine clinically asymptomatic individuals with proven HLXB9 mutations. A sacrococcygeal defect of varying intensity was depicted in every case. Complete Currarino triad (i. e. sacrococcygeal defect, presacral mass = anterior meningocele and/or tumor, anorectal malformation) was only found in the five index patients and three further relatives. In all other cases, one or more of the following anomalies were detected with variable combination and with decreasing frequency: anterior meningocele (12), presacral tumor (11), tethered cord (10), intraspinal lipoma (8), anorectal stenosis/atresia (8), syringocele (5), rectal fistula (3), urogenital (2). CONCLUSION: Currarino syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with chronic constipation since early infancy and its imaging index finding, i. e. a sacrococcygeal defect, should be looked for with plain radiography, first. In positive cases or other phenotypic suspicious constellations molecular genetic analysis for HLBX9 mutations should be the next step. If positive again, this should be followed by complete adequate imaging in the patient as well as by plain sacrococcygeal radiography in, at least, symptomatic family members.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2002

[Sonographic detection of a "VIPoma" in a small child with intractable gastroenteritis].

As case report we describe a rare cause of intractable "gastroenteritis" detected by ultrasonography. The 14 months-old boy was admitted to hospital because of intensive dehydration due to massive vomiting and diarrhoea. A salmonella enteritis with intractable hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia was thought to be the cause. After a dramatic relapse during oral treatment measures, further extensive laboratory tests finally disclosed an elevated serum level of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ("VIP"). The VIP secreting tumor ("VIPoma") was detected ultrasonographically in a retroperitoneal localization mediocaudally of the right kidney. Diffuse distinct calcifications and an increased perfusion could be demonstrated. Intraspinal tumour spread was excluded by magnetic resonance imaging. After complete surgical removal of the tumour the clinical symptomatology normalized promptly and permanently. A VIP-excreting ganglioneuroblastoma with low grade growth fraction ("VIPoma") was diagnosed histologically. Common gastroenteritis in childhood represents no indication for ultrasound. In cases of unclear and therapy-resistant symptomatology, however, diagnostic work-up should include ultrasonography to search for retroperitoneal or pancreatic VIP-excreting tumours.

Gastroenteritis↗
PubMed2001

Patent ductus venosus: diagnosis by MR angiography.

We report a 15-year-old boy with patent ductus venosus in whom the diagnosis was made by MR angiography. A patent ductus venosus Arantii is a rare form of portosystemic shunt. Only a few cases have been reported in adults and children. The diagnosis is usually made by US and digital subtraction angiography. In our patient, the diagnosis was first made by MR angiography. This demonstrates the excellent diagnostic potential of the method in paediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver mimicking metastatic disease on CT: imaging findings and diagnosis using MR imaging.

The aim of this study was to describe the MR appearance of multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver (MNFIL) using T1-weighted in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) gradient-echo as well as T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequences with fat suppression (FSTSE) and without (HASTE). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations at 1.5 T using T1-weighted IP and OP-GRE with fast low angle shot (FLASH) technique, and T2-weighted FSTSE, T2-weighted HASTE of 137 patients undergoing evaluation for focal liver lesions were reviewed. Five patients were identified in whom CT indicated metastatic disease; however, no liver malignancy was finally proven. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy (n = 3), additional wedge resection (n = 1) or follow-up MRI 6-12 months later (n = 5). Regarding the identified five patients, the number of focal liver lesions was 2 (n = 2) and more than 20 (n = 3). The MR imaging characteristics were as follows: OP-image: markedly hypointense (n = 5); IP image: isointense (n = 2) or slightly hyperintense (n = 3); T2-weighted FSTSE-image: isointense (n = 5); T2-weighted HASTE image isointense (n = 1); slightly hyperintense (n = 4). On OP images all lesions were sharply demarcated and of almost spherical configuration (n = 5). Further evaluation by histology or follow-up MR imaging did not give evidence of malignancy in any case. Histology revealed fatty infiltration of the liver parenchyma in three patients. Magnetic resonance follow-up showed complete resolution in two patients and no change in three patients. Multifocal nodular fatty infiltration can simulate metastatic disease on both CT and MR imaging. The combination of in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) gradient-echo imaging can reliably differentiate MNFIL from metastatic disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Low-dose spiral CT: applicability to paediatric chest imaging.

BACKGROUND: Spiral CT of the chest is an imaging technique with unequivocal indications and proven higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional chest X-rays. However, particularly in children, attempts should be made to reduce radiation exposure to a minimum. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate whether a low-dose technique in spiral CT scanning results in adequate diagnostic information. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 27 children (range 3 weeks to 14 years, mean 7 years) underwent a low-dose CT examination of the chest for various indications. The tube energy was 12.5 mAs (n = 5), 25 mAs (n = 17), 50 mAs (n = 3), or 75 mAs (n = 2) per slice. Two radiologists evaluated, in consensus, the CT scans with respect to their diagnostic value and comparison was made with 20 standard-dose chest CT examinations of adults (175 mAs per slice, mean age 56 years) with respect to technical image quality (noise and artefacts). In a second part of the study, dose measurements were carried out by means of exposing thermoluminescent dosimeters attached to a water/air phantom simulating a child's chest. RESULTS: All low-dose CT scans were of diagnostic image quality and no additional studies were necessary. The average image noise was significantly higher than in standard-dose CT examinations (SD 39.5 compared with 12.5 for unenhanced soft tissue, P < 0.01), but did not hinder accurate diagnosis. Artefacts were exclusively due to patient motion. Radiation exposure per slice was approx. 4 mGy at 25 mAs and 34 mGy at 250 mAs, regardless of slice thickness. CONCLUSIONS: For all indications in paediatric CT scanning of the chest, low-dose technique provides adequate image quality without loss of diagnostic information. The radiation exposure is approximately 5-20 % of a standard-dose CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A nonsymbiotic hemoglobin gene is expressed during somatic embryogenesis in Cichorium.

After differential screening of a cDNA library corresponding to genes expressed during the early stages of somatic embryogenesis in leaf tissue from the Cichorium hybrid '474' (C. intybus L., var. sativumxC. endivia L., var. latifolia) a nonsymbiotic hemoglobin cDNA was obtained. Studies of the expression of the gene corresponding to this clone by Northern blot analysis suggest that in Cichorium a nonsymbiotic hemoglobin gene is specifically expressed under somatic embryogenesis-inducing conditions, and that its expression is not related to stress caused by wounding or tissue culture conditions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Expression of a gene encoding a ribosomal p40 protein and identification of an active promoter site.

The promoter of a gene encoding a ribosome-associated protein of 40 kDa from Arabidopsis thaliana (A-p40) was sequenced and the expression of the gene studied. A-p40 was expressed in the same organs and with the same variations as the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A), another gene coding for a protein involved in translation Arabidopsis plants transformed with a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by the A-p40 promoter confirm that A-p40 is expressed in actively dividing and growing cells. eEF1A promoter-GUS fusions have the same pattern of expression. Comparison of cis-acting elements from A-p40 and eEF1A revealed some common elements. A-p40 promoter deletions and transient gene expression in transfected Arabidopsis protopasts allowed the identification of trap40, a cis-acting element regulating gene expression. Gel retardation experiments indicate that eEF1A and A-p40 are regulated by different cis-acting elements. The role of such elements is discussed.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1988

[Sexuality following radical operations].

In a retrospective study to evaluate the sexuality of patients after radical surgery for cervical cancer, we interviewed with a standardized questionnaire 87 women who had undergone radical abdominal (N = 76) or radical vaginal (N = 11) hysterectomy between 1971 and 1985. Apart from employment and partnership, we assessed sexual behaviour as reflected by frequency of coitus, libido, and orgasm. The patients were questioned about each aspect preoperatively before knowing the diagnosis, post-operatively after the immediate effects of surgery had passed, and at the time of the interview. 6.6% of the women could be considered invalids. There was a clear decrease in frequency of coitus and an anxiety-related decrease of libido. However, the number of patients without sexual activity was not statistically different from that in an age-matched group of women who did not undergo surgery. 4.5% of partnerships broke up as an immediate consequence of the surgery. Only 20% of the patients felt they had been adequately informed of possible sexual consequences of treatment by the surgeon.

Adult↗