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Biomedical subjects

I Shibata

Publications and source records attributed to I Shibata.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Experimental dual infection of specific pathogen-free pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and pseudorabies virus.

Twenty 6-week-old specific pathogen-free pigs were divided into four groups. On day 0 of the experiment, PRRSV-PRV (n = 6) and PRRSV (n = 4) groups were intranasally inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (10(5.6) TCID50). On day 7, the PRRSV-PRV and PRV (n = 6) groups were intranasally inoculated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) (10(3.6) TCID50). Control pigs (n = 4) were kept as uninoculated negative controls. Half of the pigs in each group were euthanized and necropsied on day 14 or 21. Clinical signs such as depression and anorexia were observed in the PRRSV-PRV and PRV groups after inoculation with PRV. Although febrile response was observed after virus inoculations, the duration of that response was prolonged in the PRRSV-PRV group compared with the other groups. The lungs in the PRRSV-PRV group failed to collapse and were mottled or diffusely tan and red, whereas the lungs of the pigs in the other groups were grossly normal. Histopathologically, interstitial pneumonia was present in all PRRSV-inoculated pigs, but the pneumonic lesions were more severe in the PRRSV-PRV group. Mean PRRSV titres of tonsil and lung in the PRRSV-PRV group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the PRRSV group on day 21. These results indicate that dual infection with PRRSV and PRV increased clinical signs and pneumonic lesions in pigs infected with both viruses, as compared to pigs infected with PRRSV or PRV only, at least in the present experimental conditions.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2003

Experimental reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2): investigation of quantitative PCV2 distribution and antibody responses.

Sixteen cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were inoculated intranasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), originally isolated from a pig affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). At 1 day postinoculation (PI), 3 of the 5 piglets in the uninoculated control group were moved to the room of inoculated piglets for contact exposure. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in swabs from inoculated piglets from 1 day PI and from contact piglets from 2 days after cohabitation. Porcine circovirus type 2 was also detected in all serum samples but not in control piglets 7 days PI. Until the end of study, PCV2 was detected in swabs and serum samples by PCR but not in the control piglets. One inoculated piglet died suddenly without clinical signs 19 days PI. Beginning at 14 days PI, 5 piglets, including 1 contact piglet, had clinical signs of depression, anorexia, and icterus, and 1 inoculated piglet died 21 days PI. Most of the piglets exhibiting the above clinical signs became moribund and were necropsied 21 and 28 days PI. In the piglets that showed clinical signs, gross lesions, including icterus of liver and hemorrhage in stomach, and typical histopathological lesions of PMWS, such as lymphoid depletion and basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymph nodes and other tissues, were observed. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected by PCR in all tissue samples except in those of the control piglets. Porcine circovirus type 2 was recovered from several tissue samples of the piglets necropsied until 35 days PI. In particular, PCV2 was recovered in high titer from most of the tissue samples of the piglets exhibiting clinical signs. Serum antibody against PCV2 was mostly detected in inoculated piglets and in contact piglets 14 and 21 days PI by an indirect fluorescence antibody test but was not detected in the piglets exhibiting clinical signs until 28 days PI. These results indicate that PCV2 was able to induce clinical PMWS in the absence of other swine pathogens and that there were significant differences in both the quantitative PCV2 distribution in tissues and the antibody response between the piglets that were infected and developed PMWS and those that were infected but remained healthy.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Adenoviral gizzard erosion in commercial broiler chickens.

Pathologic and immunohistochemical changes caused by group I of the fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotype-1 99ZH strain, isolated from broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion, were investigated in commercial broiler chickens. One hundred twenty-two chickens were inoculated with the strain by both oral and ocular routes at 1, 3, or 5 weeks of age and euthanatized for necropsy within 4-18 days of inoculation. Focal gizzard erosions were observed in the inoculated chickens of each age group. A histologically degenerative koilin layer, necrotic mucosa, intranuclear inclusion bodies in the glandular epithelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltrations in the lamina propria, submucosa, and a muscle layer were seen in the gizzards. Immunohistochemical staining showed evidence of FAV antigens in the intranuclear inclusion bodies. These findings were recognized regardless of their maternal antibody levels for FAV serotype-1. Gizzard lesions appeared later in the lower-dose-inoculated chickens than in the higher-dose-inoculated chickens. Numerous CD3-positive cells and IgY-positive plasma cells were seen in the gizzard lesions. In 5-week-old chickens the heterophil infiltrations in the lesions were milder than in younger chickens. Intranuclear inclusion bodies also were observed in the epithelial cells of the ileum or cecal tonsils of some chickens. Thus, this study shows that FAV-99ZH causes adenoviral gizzard erosion in broiler chickens without hepatic or pancreatic lesions and that cell infiltration is more severe than in dietary gizzard erosions.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2001

Passive protection against porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus in piglets by colostrum from immunized cows.

The effects of hyperimmune cow colostrum (HCC) on experimentally induced porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) were investigated in piglets. In experiment 1, four 2-day-old piglets fed HCC containing an antibody titer of 1:512 and another four piglets fed unimmune cow colostrum (UCC) were orally inoculated with 10LD50 of PED virus. The piglets were given colostrum three times a day at 4 hr intervals. Half of the piglets fed HCC showed diarrhea and recovered, and all piglets survived. In contrast, all piglets fed UCC developed diarrhea and three of them died. In experiment 2, 2-day-old piglets fed HCC containing antibody titers of 1:512, 1:128 and 1:32, and UCC were inoculated with PED virus, and survival rates after challenge were 100, 75, 50 and 0 %, respectively. In experiment 3, 1-day-old piglets fed HCC with 1:512 antibody titer or UCC were inoculated and necropsied at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the inoculation for pathological examination. Piglets fed HCC remained healthy and PED virus antigen was not detected in the epithelial cells of the small intestine, and the length of the villi in small intestine was normal. On the other hand, in piglets fed UCC, villous atrophy and PED virus antigen were observed in epithelial cells of the jejunum and ileum from 24 hr. It was concluded that oral administration of HCC to piglets was effective in preventing PED virus infection and reduced their mortality.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Neurosarcoidosis without systemic sarcoidosis--case report.

A 20-year-old male presented with symptoms of isolated neurosarcoidosis including epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed multiple enhanced right temporal and frontal lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid examination identified mild lymphocytic pleocytosis, and histological examination of a stereotactic brain biopsy specimen demonstrated noncaseating granulomas, so fungal or other inflammatory or granulomatous diseases were excluded. The diagnosis was cerebral sarcoidosis, despite the absence of systemic manifestations. Corticosteroid therapy improved his neurological state and radiological findings. Neurosarcoidosis is a well-recognized occurrence in systemic sarcoidosis, but diagnosis may be difficult in the absence of extracerebral manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[A case of neural injury by defective epidural needle].

A 70-year-old man who had undergone an elective transverse colectomy developed neural injury caused by defective epidural needle. The stylet of the 17-gauge disposable Tuohy needle used consisted of two components. The tip of the stylet was made of teflon and the material of the body was steel. The needle was inserted at Th 11-12, Th 10-11 and Th 9-10 interspaces utilizing the loss of resistance method with saline, but all the trials resulted in failure to identify needle entry into the epidural space. The patient complained of fatigue in his right lower extremity and the blood pressure was elevated to 235/125 mmHg during the series of the needle placement. The cause of the failure was finally found to be complete obstruction of the needle with a small piece torn from the stylet tip. Right femoral pain, right instep hypesthesia and muscle weakness in the right leg remained after the operation. These symptoms gradually improved and he left the hospital with slight hypesthesia remaining in his right instep 42 days after the operation.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in porcine cell cultures and experimental infection of pigs of different ages.

This paper describes the isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus in Vero and porcine cell cultures, and the influence of age on disease in experimental infection. PED virus was isolated from the small intestine of piglets inoculated with PED samples and cultured in Vero, porcine bladder and kidney cells propagated in collagen-coated tissue culture plates in maintenance medium (MM) containing trypsin. In porcine bladder and kidney cell cultures inoculated with isolated PED virus, cytopathic effects (CPE) including cell fusion were detected. Specific brilliant fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm of these cells. Two- and 7-day old, and 2-, 4-, 8- and 12-week old specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were orally inoculated with PED virus isolated from an outbreak. All 2- and 7-day old pigs inoculated developed severe watery diarrhea from post-inoculation day (PID) 1 and died between PID 3 and 4. Although three of five 2-week old pigs developed diarrhea on PID 1-4, they eventually recovered. In the 4-week old group, three of five pigs had mild diarrhea for 1-2 days. None of the 8- and 12-week old pigs showed any clinical signs. Antibodies against PED virus were detected in all surviving pigs by virus neutralization (VN) test and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Therefore, there is an age-dependent resistance to pathogenic PED virus infection in pigs.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Experimental reinfection with homologous porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in SPF pigs.

The present examination was conducted to determine if the pigs infected with one strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) would be protected against a subsequent homologous virus challenge. Sixteen 4-week-old SPF pigs were assigned to 2 experimental groups A and B. The pigs in group A were inoculated with 10(6.5) TCID50 of PRRSV by intranasal route. On 77 days post-inoculation (PI), pigs in groups A and B were similarly inoculated with same virus. After the secondary inoculation, the pigs in group A didn't show any clinical sign including pyrexia and reduction of white blood cell (WBC) number. Viremia was detected only on 3 days PI with low virus titer and any virus was not recovered from serum and tissues at the time of necropsy on 14 or 28 days PI. In contrast, pigs in group B showed pyrexia for 14 days and reduction of WBC number on 3 days PI. Viremia was detected between 3 and 28 days PI, and virus was isolated from several tissues of all pigs. These results indicate that previous exposure to PRRSV can prevent development of clinical signs and reduce virus proliferation in pigs after subsequent infection with the homologous PRRSV.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Immunogenic properties of a bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) recombinant expressing major pseudorabies virus (PrV) glycoproteins in combination.

A recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), designated BHV-1/TF17-1, which expresses pseudorabies virus (PrV) glycoproteins gB, gC, gD, gE and gI in combination was constructed. To test the protective immunity, 10 mice were inoculated with BHV-1/TF17-1 and three weeks later 10 mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) challenged with 20 LD50 virulent PrV (YS-81). BHV-1/TF17-1 protected all the mice from the PrV lethal challenge while all the control mice died in around 3 days. Mice vaccinated with BHV-1/TF17-1 acquired high PrV-neutralizing antibody titers and demonstrated strong delayed type hypersensitivity responses and moderate in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to PrV antigen. Since the major PrV glycoproteins were integrated into virions (probably into viral envelope), BHV-1/17-1 was neutralized with anti-PrV antiserum. However, the susceptibility of BHV-1/TF17-1 to anti-PrV antiserum is 2- to 4-fold lower than that of PrV vaccine lines. Our results demonstrated the possibility of BHV-1/17-1 as a vaccine to protect piglets from Audjesky's disease where maternal antibodies against PrV interfere attenuated live PrV vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Unique electroencephalographic change of acute encephalopathy in glutaric aciduria type 1.

We report the peculiar serial electroencephalographic (EEG) findings in a 7-year-old boy with glutaric aciduria type 1 during an episode of acute encephalopathy. The patient developed Reye-like syndrome triggered by cellulitis. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse softening of cerebral hemisphere. The EEG on the day following onset of acute encephalopathy showed suppression burst pattern including continuous 14-15 Hz rhythmic waves at first. Then, periodic synchronous discharge appeared and lasted for about 40 minutes. Periodic synchronous discharge finally disappeared and nearly total electrocerebral silence continued. There have been no reports indicating such a change of EEG in a short period. The serial EEG changes probably reflect the process of electrical death of neurons in cerebral hemispheres.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Effect of the end-tidal xenon correction method on cerebral blood flow determination.

The objective of this work is to show how the end-tidal xenon correction method contributes to determining the cerebral blood flow (CBF) values. Respiratory xenon data from 443 patients (mean age, 59.1 +/- 13.5) were analyzed using two methods: the conventional fitting method and the end-tidal correction method. For both methods, xenon saturation rate constant (Ka1) and desaturation rate constant (Ka2) were calculated for washin and washout phases respectively. By applying the correction method, both the histograms for Ka1 and Ka2 change significantly; they become to have narrower distribution with smaller mean value. As the average effect based on computer simulation, if calculated CBF values using corrected Ka1 and Ka2 are 80 cc/100 g-tissue/min for the gray matter and 20 for the white matter, those using conventional Ka1 and Ka2 become 62.8 for the gray matter and 17.9 for the white matter. By applying the end-tidal correction method, obtained CBF values increase, and the extent of increase is larger when xenon inhalation speed is slower.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Radiosurgery for cystic metastatic brain tumor].

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastasis results in a high local control rate. But cystic metastatic tumor should have been a contraindication for SRS. Because it is often found that a cyst is too large to be irradiated, the tumor does not exist in the center of the irradiation field. Between 1995 and 1998, 8 consecutive patients underwent linear accelerator-based SRS for cystic brain metastases identified by computed tomography or magnetic resonance image scan. Stereotactic cyst aspiration is carried out after placement of the BRW frame under local anesthesia. All of the patients except one were confirmed to have sufficient reduction of the cysts. 5-7 days after stereotactic cyst aspiration, SRS was performed. The dose range was 25-30 Gy. In follow-up MRI, local recurrences and enlargement of cysts were not noted. Six patients with neurological symptoms recuperated satisfactorily. Median survival was 30 weeks from the date of radiosurgery. All of the patients died and the causes of death were related with the primary lesion. We conclude that our technique, a combination of stereotactic cyst aspiration and SRS is an effective measure which leads to palliation of neurologic symptoms and is a low risk treatment for patients with cystic brain metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Difference in 201TlCl accumulation mechanism in brain tumors: a comparison of their Na(+)-K+ ATPase activities].

The accumulation levels of 201TlCl and Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity in tumor tissue were compared among glioblastoma, benign glioma and meningioma to study the difference in the mechanism of 201TlCl accumulation. The subjects were 19 cases comprised of 6 glioblastoma, 2 oligodendroglioma, 1 fibrillary astrocytoma, 1 pilocytic astrocytoma and 9 meningioma. Preoperative 201TlCl SPECT was performed in all the cases, and Thallium Index (TL index) was calculated by a ratio of 201TlCl in the tumor area and the contralateral area. In addition, cell membrane was extracted from the tumor tissue collected intraoperatively to determine Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity. No statistically significant difference in TL index was noted between the glioblastoma group (6.97 +/- 2.67) and the meningioma group (5.87 +/- 1.99). This fact showed that there was no difference in the accumulation level of 201TlCl between the two groups. On the other hand, the glioblastoma group indicated a higher value of Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity (49.13 +/- 43.76 mumole/hour/mg protein) than the meningioma group (7.73 +/- 13.84 mumole/hour/mg protein) (p < 0.05, t test). These results suggested the involvement of Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity in 201TlCl accumulation in glioblastoma and the influences of other accumulation mechanism than Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity such as the volume of intratumoral vascular bed in meningioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Elevated serum haptoglobin in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

We examined the two acute phase proteins, alpha (alpha)-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and haptoglobin (HP), in serum of pigs following experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus infection. Increased levels of serum HP, but not AGP, were observed from 7 to 21 days post-inoculation in the infected pigs. Furthermore, serum IL-6 increased in the infected pigs, but TNF-alpha did not. The increase of serum IL-6 in pigs following PRRS virus infection may induce production of HP. Also, in the field investigation, serum HP in pigs was dramatically increased after exposure to the PRRS virus.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1999

[Extraneural metastasis of pineal germinoma through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, following histological change].

Primary germinoma of the central nervous system carries a good prognosis because of their radiosensitivity. Recurrence is rare and extraneural metastases are even more unusual. We report a unique case of a primary intracranial germinoma exhibiting complete response to radiotherapy, but recurring as an intra-abdominal yolk sac tumor. The presence of a VP shunt is thought to have facilitated metastatic spread of the intracranial neoplasm. An 21-year-old (corrected) male was admitted with headache and consciousness disturbance. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enhanced tumor of the pineal region and hydrocephalus. A ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was emplaced immediately. No serum tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein or human chorionic gonadotropin were detectable. A test dose of radiotherapy (whole brain 20Gy) was given. The tumor size was remarkably decreased. Clinical diagnosis was germinoma. Additional whole brain radiation (total 45Gy) and whole spine radiation (20Gy) were given. The tumor and the hydrocephalus regressed completely and the patient returned to school. Three years later, he experienced a feeling of abdominal fullness. CT and echotomography of the abdomen showed a large peritoneal and intra-hepatic tumor. But MRI revealed no recurrent tumor of the pineal lesion or of the other areas in the central nervous system. Radiological and clinical findings showed no tumors in the testis, the retroperitoneal cavity, or the thymus. Laboratory investigation demonstrated elevated serum AFP (26,550 ng/ml). AFP level regressed after combined chemotherapy. However, the patient died due to pneumonia and multiple organ failure. Only needle necropsy was performed. The microscopic appearance of the peritoneal tumor was confirmed to be an endodermal sinus tumor. It was suspected to be a metastasis of the pineal tumor through the V-P shunt system.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Contralateral cerebellar infarction after aneurysmal clipping with pterional craniotomy: report of two cases].

A 77-year-old woman underwent right fronto-temporal craniotomy for a right ruptured IC-PC aneurysm (case 1), and a 44-year-old woman underwent right fronto-temporal craniotomy for a right ruptured BA-SCA aneurysm (case 2). They were clipped completely without any troubles during surgery. But postoperative CT scan demonstrated contralateral cerebellar infarction. We recognized left-hand tremor as a neurological deficit caused by cerebellar infarction in case 1. Concerning the mechanism of contralateral cerebellar infarction after pterional craniotomy, we think that it could be; --1) changing of venous blood flow by overdrainage of cerebrospinal fluid, 2) destruction of the bridging vein because of cerebral transformation with rapid decompression, 3) ischemia caused by brain retraction and compression during operation, 4) hypertension or hypoxia during operation, 5) crossed cerebellar diaschosis, and so on. In our 2 cases, we believe that perioperative CSF overdrainage caused the contralateral cerebellar infarction or CCD. To avoid this kind of infarction, we should try to take more protective and careful procedures as well as closer perioperative management.

Adult↗