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Biomedical subjects

I Sunshine

Publications and source records attributed to I Sunshine.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

High pressure liquid chromatography for simultaneous analysis of anticonvulsants: comparison with EMIT system.

We present a new high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous analysis of primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine in serum. The chromatographic separation is carried out using an Altex model 110-A pump, a 250 times 4.6 mm column containing 5 mum Spherisorb ODS particles and a variable wavelength ultraviolet detector set at 197 nm. The mobile phase is a mixture of acetonitrile, distilled water, and 1.75 M phosphoric acid (27:72.8:0.2). The flow rate is 1.5 ml/min, and the analysis time is 17 min. A 200 mul aliquot of serum is buffered at pH 5 and extracted with dichloromethane. The extract is evaporated to dryness and dissolved in methanol for chromatographic analysis. Cyclopal is used as the internal standard and quantification is achieved using peak height ratios. This HPLC method is evaluated for precision and accuracy with reference to the EMIT system. The least-squares regression analysis of comparison data for the drugs shows a favorable correlation. Also, a paired t-test indicates no significant difference for the HPLC and EMIT values for primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine. From this study we conclude that this HPLC method could be successfully used for the simultaneous therapeutic monitoring of the four anticonvulsants.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1979

Toxicological determination of benzodiazepines in serum: methods and concentrations associated with high-dose intravenous therapy with diazepam.

This paper describes a rapid and simple procedure for the determination of benzodiazepines in biological samples. Five common benzodiazepines (diazepam, oxazepam, clorazepate, flurazepam, and chlordiazepoxide) and/or their major metabolites are extracted from a buffered serum sample at pH 9.2 by a mixture of toluene, hexane, and isoamyl alcohol. The phases are separated by centrifugation, and a small aliquot of the organic layer is injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron-capture detector. The drugs are identified and quantitated by comparison with standards simultaneously processed similarly. A sample can be analyzed in about 30 min. The technique is illustrated by its application to sequential samples from a patient being treated for delirium tremens with large intravenous doses of diazepam. Serum diazepam, N-desmethyldiazepam, and oxazepam concentrations several times higher than usually encountered therapeutically were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Distribution of thioridazine and its metabolites in human tissues and fluids obtained postmortem.

Thioridazine and metabolites were measured in brain, liver, and kidney specimens, obtained postmortem from two subjects whose deaths were related to acute intoxication with thioridazine, by gas-liquid chromatography. Although the absolute concentration measured for thioridazine and metabolites differed in the two cases, the metabolic pattern for each tissue, expressed in terms of the percentage of total drug in each tissue, was quite similar. The brain, liver, and kidney metabolic patterns, however, are in sharp contrast to the plasma metabolite patterns observed for subjects on a therapeutic regimen of thioridazine. As this example demonstrates, postmortem specimens are a valuable (but seldom used) source of human pharmacological data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Solvent suppression of the decomposition of phenobarbital during on-column methylation with trimethylanilinium hydroxide.

Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis of phenobarbital by on-column methylation with trimethylanilinium hydroxide gives rise to a major decomposition product, N-methyl-2-phenylbutyramide, in addition to the methylated barbiturate, N,N'-dimethylphenobarbital. This reaction occurs nearly exclusively in the solution phase in the injection port of the gas chromatography. A mechanism for the decomposition reaction consistent with the available information is presented. This decomposition is shown to be inhibited by certain solvents and this effect forms the basis of a new analytical technique for the simultaneous GLC analysis of phenobarbital, primidone, and diphenylhydantoin.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1977

Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in flash fire victims: report of six simultaneous fire fatalities without elevated carboxyhemoglobin.

Eight people died in a traffic accident involving a tractor-trailer and ten autos. The accident caused a series of flash fires from ruptured gas tanks. Complete autopsies established that six of the victims died exclusively from thermal trauma; none showed an elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration. Flash fire victims are exceptions to the axiom that elevation of blood carboxyhemoglobin is a sine qua non for concluding that a decedent recovered from the scene of a conflagration was alive in the fire.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1976

Relative merits of some methods for amphetamine assay in biological fluids.

We describe principles and details that we use for amphetamine determination in blood and urine by photometric, thin-layer chromatographic, gas-chromatographic, and immunologic (EMIT and radioimmunoassay) procedures. Results, interferences, stabilities, and economic considerations are intercompared and recommendations are made.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1975

Chlorobutanol poisoning. Report of a fatal case.

A fatal chlorobutanol intoxication is reported and a gas chromatographic method for the determination of this drug in human fluids and tissues is described. Analytical findings for blood, urine, stomach contents, bile, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain are reported.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1975

Fluorometric screening method for detecting benzodiazepines in blood and urine.

We report a fluorometric method for detecting diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam, chlorazepate, and (or) their major metabolites in blood, urine, or gastric contents at low therapeutic concentrations. The drugs are first hydrolyzed to their respective benzophenones and converted to highly fluorescent 9-acridanones. Total benzodiazepines (parent plus metabolites) in blood and gastric contents are semiquantitatively evaluated and compared to results of gas-chromatographic determinations.

Benzodiazepines↗