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Biomedical subjects

I T Gram

Publications and source records attributed to I T Gram.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Oral contraceptive use and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the relationship between oral contraceptive use and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective follow-up study of 6622 women participating in the Second Tromsö Study conducted in 1979 and 1980 in Tromsö, Norway, women aged 20 to 49 years answered a questionnaire regarding their smoking history, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and oral contraceptive use. They were then followed for 10 years with data from the Pathology Registry of the University Hospital. RESULTS: The age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 897 per 100,000 person years among noncurrent and 1295 per 100,000 person years among current oral contraceptive users as of 1979. After adjusting for age, marital status, smoking, and frequency of alcohol intoxication the relative rate for current users was 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.1), and the relative rate for past users was 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 1.8), as compared with those who had never used oral contraceptives before 1979. CONCLUSION: These findings support the hypothesis that the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is increased by oral contraceptive use.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cancer anxiety and attitudes toward mammography among screening attenders, nonattenders, and women never invited.

A mailed questionnaire survey was conducted among the following groups: 179 women who screened false positive at a free mammography screening; a random sample of 250 women who screened negative; 670 nonattenders of the screening; and a random population sample of 250 women who lived in another city and were not invited, but were otherwise comparable. The most frequently reported reason for nonattendance was not having the opportunity. Furthermore, only 18% of the nonattenders reported anxiety about breast cancer compared with 33% of the population sample (P less than .05). Ninety-nine percent of the women who attended indicated a positive attitude toward mammography that had not been adversely affected by screening experiences.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on blood pressure in hypertension. A population-based intervention trial from the Tromsø study.

Studies of whether polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil--in particular, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids--lower blood pressure have varied in design and results. We conducted a population-based, randomized, 10-week dietary-supplementation trial in which the effects of 6 g per day of 85 percent eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were compared with those of 6 g per day of corn oil in 156 men and women with previously untreated stable, mild essential hypertension. The mean systolic blood pressure fell by 4.6 mm Hg (P = 0.002), and diastolic pressure by 3.0 mm Hg (P = 0.0002) in the group receiving fish oil; there was no significant change in the group receiving corn oil. The differences between the groups remained significant for both systolic (6.4 mm Hg; P = 0.0025) and diastolic (2.8 mm Hg; P = 0.029) pressure after control for anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary variables. The decreases in blood pressure were larger as concentrations of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids increased (P = 0.027). Dietary supplementation with fish oil did not change mean blood pressure in the subjects who ate fish three or more times a week as part of their usual diet, or in those who had a base-line concentration of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids above 175.1 mg per liter. We conclude that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids reduce blood pressure in essential hypertension, depending on increases in plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Quality of life following a false positive mammogram.

To assess how women regard having had a false positive mammogram screening exam, and the influence that this had on their quality of life, 126 such women were interviewed. Their responses were compared to those of 152 women randomly selected among screenees with a negative exam. Eighteen months after the screening the reported prevalence of anxiety about breast cancer was 29% among women with a false positive and 13% among women with a negative screening mammogram (P = 0.001). Of 30 women biopsied, 8 (27%) had pain in the breast and 10 (33%) had reduced sexual sensitivity. A false positive mammogram was described by 7 (5%) of the women as the worst thing they ever had experienced. However, most women with a false positive result regarded this experience, in retrospect, as but one of many minor stressful experiences creating a temporary decrease in quality of life. They report the same quality of life today as women with negative screening results and 98% would attend another screening. Even so, false positive results are a matter of concern, and efforts should be made to minimise this cost whenever a screening programme is conducted.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1989

[Mammography screening in Tromsö. Realization and results of the first mammography screening in Norway].

The screening was carried out as a part of a health survey. Women aged 40 or more, (N = 4,290), were eligible. The acceptance rate were 84.4%. Altogether 5.3% was selected fro detailed mammographic examination, 1.7% were referred to a surgeon and 1.1% underwent surgery. In ten (25%) of them breast cancer was proven histologically. The mammograms were read independently by two radiologists. The predictive value was highest if only women on which both radiologists agreed were referred to detailed mammography. Of the women attending the health survey, 98% in the urban and, 79% in the rural part of the municipality were screened for breast cancer. The latter group had to make an appointment and travel to the city center to have their mammograms taken. The interpretation of the breast cancer screening was centrally administered. The follow-up was organized locally.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Occupational dermatitis in shrimp peelers.

A total of 110 female shrimp production workers from 2 factories were invited to participate in an investigation of occupational skin problems. A questionnaire was filled in by 94 workers and 24 (20.2%) claimed skin problems due to working conditions. In 7 (6%), a diagnosis of occupational dermatitis of the hands was made. In 2, there were strongly positive reactions to shrimp. 5 had negative tests but a positive history of occupational provocation.

Decapoda↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical impact of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. A cytohistologic comparison.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the percentage of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cytologic diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1994 to December 1995, 421 cervical Pap smears with a diagnosis of ASCUS were followed with cervical biopsies within three months. The ASCUS cytologic diagnosis was correlated with the histologic findings and stratified according to age group, previous abnormal history and cell type of ASCUS (squamoid vs. metaplastic). RESULTS: Histologic diagnosis showed that of ASCUS diagnoses, 13% were normal, 34% were reactive, 4.8% were atypical, 43% were low grade SIL, 4% were high grade SIL, 1% were carcinoma in situ, and none were invasive lesions. The patients in the youngest group, up to 25 years, demonstrated the highest percentage of SIL. Patients with a previous abnormal gynecologic history showed a higher percentage of SIL than those without an abnormal history. SILs were observed in 51.5% of squamoid ASCUS and 36.5% of metaplastic ASCUS. CONCLUSION: Forty-eight percent of females having an ASCUS diagnosis on Pap smears had SIL and thus a preneoplastic lesion. The highest percentage of SIL was found in females 25 years and younger. Our findings suggest that an ASCUS diagnosis warrants ongoing follow-up.

Adolescent↗