Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to I Takakura.
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Effects and side effects of a new measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine were described. After MMR vaccination, 98% (59/60) of children showed seroconversion by the measles HI test, 98% (65/66) showed seroconversion by the rubella HI test and 57% (34/60) showed seroconversion by mumps NT. Side effects of MMR vaccine were fever (5/82) and skin rash (3/82).
Immunoglobulin-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in 20 children with Kawasaki disease and in 13 healthy control children. Routine laboratory tests were also performed. IgG-bearing lymphocytes, IgA-bearing lymphocytes, and IgM-bearing lymphocytes increased in children with Kawasaki disease when compared with those of controls. Measurement of immunoglobulin-bearing cells in peripheral blood may be used as a clinical test in the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease.
HLA antigen frequencies were investigated in 115 patients with congenital rubella syndrome and 93 of their mothers in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. A high frequency of HLA-B15 and a low frequency of HLA-Bw22 were found in the mothers. HLA-B15 was associated with high antibody responsiveness to rubella vaccine in our previous study, whereas HLA-Bw22 was one of the HLA antigens which showed low antibody responsiveness. There was no association between HLA antigens and viral replication in rubella vaccine recipients in the present study. These results indicate that and HLA-linked genetic background in the mothers is related to susceptibility to congenital rubella syndrome, and that the mechanism of the relation may be mediated via immune response genes.
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Aberration of IgA-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura has been investigated. Eighteen children with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura demonstrated a marked increase of IgA-bearing lymphocytes in peripheral blood during the acute phase of the disease. The levels of IgA-bearing lymphocytes returned to the normal levels after the acute symptoms of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura had subsided. However, in patients who developed purpura nephritis, the increased levels of IgA-bearing lymphocytes in peripheral blood were retained after the disappearance of purpura, and lasted for more than 12 months. It is concluded that the monitoring of IgA-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes is useful for the screening of patients with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura and purpura nephritis.
We investigated the possible associations between HLA antigens and the antibody response patterns during a clinical trial with a live attenuated rubella vaccine in 172 Japanese schoolgirls. Those vaccine recipients were divided into three groups, 42 low responders, 102 intermediate responders and 28 high responders, according to convalescent-phase hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers. High frequencies of HLA--A11 and HLA--B15 in high responders and HLA--Aw24 and HLA--B5 in low responders were found. Among HLA--A antigens HLA--A11 had the highest geometric mean HI antibody titer and HLA--Aw24 had the lowest. Among HLA--B antigens HLA--B15 had the highest and HLA--B5 had the lowest. Strong linkage disequilibrium was found between HLA--A11 and HLA--B15 in high responders and between HLA--Aw24 and HLA--B5 in low responders. These results suggest that there may be a relationship between HLA antigens and specific immune response genes in man as well as in other vertebrates.
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The adrenocortical reserve function of 20 cases of paediatric cholera was studied by intravenous ACTH tests. The findings indicate the presence of adrenocortical hyperactivity, and the poor response to ACTH stimulation shows that the adrenocortical reserve in these cases had been already stimulated to the maximum extent by salt depletion at the time of admission. These findings do not support the value of adrenocortical hormone treatment in cholera.
Among 1109 patients with bacteriologically confirmed El Tor cholera admitted to the San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, in 1969, 11 patients continued to excrete vibrios of the same biotype and serotype in stools for more than 1 week in spite of antibiotic treatment.The strains isolated from these patients all belonged to the Ogawa serotype and were all highly resistant to streptomycin and chloramphenicol, and a few of them were resistant also to tetracycline. Other streptomycin-resistant strains of El Tor vibrio were detected, 5 in the Greater Manila area and 1 in Bacolod.The antibiotic-resistant strains showed a high sensitivity to 3 kinds of antimicrobial chemicals, particularly dihydroxymethyl furalazine.Furalazine was given to 33 adults and 15 children with bacteriologically confirmed cholera, and its effect in reducing the duration of diarrhoea and excretion of vibrios was investigated in comparison with the same number of cases treated with chloramphenicol. Furalazine was more effective in reducing the duration of positive stool culture than chloramphenicol, and the two antimicrobial agents were equally effective in decreasing intravenous fluid requirements.Since furalazine was satisfactory in reducing the duration of diarrhoea and excretion of vibrios in stools, and since no resistant strains were found, the drug could be recommended as an alternative to chloramphenicol and tetracycline in the treatment of cholera.
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