Marijuana-related injury
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
I Tekawa
Publications and source records attributed to I Tekawa.
The risk of hospitalization for ischemic heart disease among Asian Americans in northern California.
To supplement sparse data about ischemic heart disease in Asian Americans, hospitalization risk was prospectively examined in a group of Asian Americans living in Northern California. Analyses used Cox models with ischemic heart disease risk traits as covariables. With Whites as the referent category, relative risks by ethnic group were as follows: Chinese, 0.6 (P = .001); Japanese, 1.0 (P = .97); Filipinos, 1.0 (P = .95); South Asians, 3.7 (P < .001); other Asian Americans, 0.8 (P = .55). Thus, unexplained differences in ischemic heart disease risk exist among Asian-American ethnic groups, with Chinese Americans at lowest risk and persons of South Asian origin at highest risk.
Adult↗
Alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking: an exploration of the association in middle-aged men and women.
The association of alcohol and cigarette consumption was explored among 13,673 black or white persons aged 40-49 years, who received check-ups from mid-1979 to 1985. Alcohol use was strongly associated with number of cigarettes smoked per day, but not with tar-yield, mentholation and presence of filters. Duration of cigarette use, frequency and depth of inhalation, proportion of cigarette smoked and greater time from arising to first cigarette were significantly related to alcohol use in some but not all race-sex groups. Among smokers who consumed alcohol, liquor drinkers smoked the most cigarettes per day and wine drinkers the least. Thus, the association between alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking is strong in middle-aged persons but there are race- and sex-related disparities when specific aspects of smoking behaviour are considered.
Black or African American↗
The leucocyte count: correlates and relationship to coronary risk factors: the CARDIA study.
Correlates of the leucocyte count (WBC) and its relationships to other coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors were assessed in 4981 black and white young adults. Mean WBC was higher in women than men, higher in whites than blacks, and higher in those aged 18-24 than aged 25-30 years. It also varied by season with the highest levels in the autumn. Other characteristics with persistent statistically significant direct associations with the WBC after multivariate adjustments were cigarette smoking, marijuana use, geographical location (possibly an inter-laboratory artifact), use of birth control pills, body mass index, pulse rate, and systolic blood pressure; height, physical fitness and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level were inversely associated with the WBC. The negative association of WBC with HDL-C was too small to explain the association of WBC with CHD found elsewhere. The WBC is a commonly performed clinical test; yet much remains to be learned about its variation in the general population and its value as a predictor rather than merely an indicator of disease.
Adolescent↗
Mentholated cigarette use among multiphasic examinees, 1979-86.
Mentholated cigarette use was studied in relation to age and race in 29,037 current smokers who were Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program members. The percentages of mentholated cigarette users were much higher in Blacks and Asians than in Whites, especially in the younger age groups. A marked inverse relationship between mentholated cigarette use and age was present in Blacks and Asians; mentholated cigarette use showed little difference with age in Whites.
Adolescent↗
Evaluating hypertension control in a managed care setting.
BACKGROUND: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on a random sample of adult patients with hypertension in a large health maintenance organization to assess the feasibility of documenting blood pressure (BP) control and to compare different measures for defining BP control. METHODS: Three criteria for BP control were assessed: systolic BP less than 140 mm Hg; diastolic BP less than 90 mm Hg; and combined BP control, with systolic BP less than 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP less than 90 mm Hg. Four methods of assessing hypertension control by the above criteria were examined: proportion of patients with BP under control at 75% and 50% or more of their office visits; the mean of all pressures during the study period; and the BP from the last visit during the study period. RESULTS: The proportion of patients meeting each criterion for control was similar whether we used the mean BP for all visits, the last recorded BP, or control at 50% or more of visits. Control rates were substantially lower when the more stringent assessment, 75% of visits, was used. The proportion of patients with combined BP control at 75% or more of their visits was half that of the other methods. CONCLUSIONS: In this health maintenance organization population, results with the use of the simplest approach, the last BP measurement recorded, were similar to results with the mean BP. Our findings indicate that evaluation of BP control in a large health maintenance organization will find substantial room for improvement, and clinicians should be encouraged to be more aggressive in their management of hypertension, especially with regard to the systolic BP, which until recent years has been underemphasized.
Aged↗