Biomedical subjects

I Tomizawa

Publications and source records attributed to I Tomizawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

[A clinical experience of rokitamycin on Campylobacter enteritis. Research Group of Rokitamycin on Infectious Enteritis].

Rokitamycin, a newly developed macrolide, was administered to a total of 107 cases, 16 years old or more, in order to evaluate its clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness on Campylobacter enteritis. Daily dosage of 600 mg of rokitamycin was administered orally in three divided doses for 5 days. Bacteriological and clinical efficacies were judged by the attending doctors from the evaluation criteria made by the committee and from the days required for improvement of diarrhea, defervescence and so on, respectively. Antibacterial activities against the isolates were tested of rokitamycin (RKM), erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM) and ofloxacin (OFLX). The results were as follows; 41 symptomatic patients and 5 carriers were evaluated. Clinical efficacy (n = 41) was 100% (excellent; 34.1%, good; 65.9%). Bacteriological efficacy (n = 41) was 97.6%. Eight of the 9 cases with consecutive stool cultures were free of the bacteria on and after one day of the drug administration. Clinical usefulness (n = 46) was 97.8%. Slight epigastric pain was seen in only one as a side effect. The items of abnormal laboratory findings were 4 elevated GPT and/or GOT and one increased number of WBC in 4 cases. MIC90 of RKM, EM, JM and OFLX against 41 clinical isolates of C. jejuni were 1.56, 3.13, 3.13 and 0.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. Rokitamycin was considered clinically useful to treat Campylobacter enteritis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Comparison of clinical efficacy of rokitamycin (RKM) and ofloxacin (OFLX) for the treatment of Campylobacter enteritis by a double-blind method. The Research Committee for the Effect of Rokitamycin, Research Group for Infectious Enteritis].

The clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of Rokitamycin (RKM), a new macrolide antibiotic, were compared with those of Ofloxacin (OFLX) for the treatment of Campylobacter enteritis by a double blind method. The daily dose level of RKM or OFLX was 600 mg. They were orally administered in three divided doses for 5 days. Of 223 cases studied, 106 cases were diagnosed as Campylobacter enteritis. Ninety cases (RKM group: 50, OFLX group: 40) except for 16 excluded or drop-out cases were analysed. There was no significant difference between the two groups in any background factors. The effectiveness and usefulness was evaluated in 88 cases (RKM group: 48, OFLX group: 40). The results obtained were as follows: 1. In a total of 82 strains of Campylobacter jejuni/coli (RKM group: 42, OFLX group: 40), the bacteriological efficacy rate of RKM (95.2%) was superior to that of OFLX (70.0%) with a significant difference (p = 0.006). 2. In 76 symptomatic patients (RKM group: 42, OFLX group: 34) on the day of the beginning of drug administration, the clinical efficacy rate was 97.6% in the RKM group and 85.3% in the OFLX group with no significant difference between the two groups. 3. In 88 evaluable patients, the global clinical efficacy rate of RKM (95.8%) was superior to that of OFLX (67.5%) with a significant difference (p = 0.001). 4. Side effect was observed in 1 (1.9%) of the 54 patients in the RKM group and none of the 44 patients in the OFLX group. Slightly abnormal laboratory findings were seen in 4 (10.8%) of the 37 patients treated with RKM and 3 (9.7%) of the 31 patients treated with OFLX, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 5. In 88 evaluable patients, the clinical usefulness of RKM (91.7%) was superior to that of OFLX (67.5%) with a significant difference (p = 0.01). From these results, RKM is considered to be a very useful agent for the treatment of Campylobacter enteritis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of group A and B streptococci clinically isolated in Sapporo in the last five years].

During the last five-year period between 1985 and 1989, serotypes of 671 strains of group A and 238 strains of group B streptococci isolated from clinical specimens in Sapporo city general hospital were studied. Results of serotyping were given as under; Type T4 (25.8%), T12 (25.6%), T1 (11.5%), T3 (9.2%), T6 and T28 (6.3% each), T8 and T22 (0.6% each), T13 (0.4%), T9 and B3264 were found in group A. Type T4 and T12 formed main types up to this time and T1, T3, T6 and T28 were other predominant types. The elevated isolation rates of type T3 and T28 were remarkable in this period. In group B, Ia (31.5%), III (16.8%), Ib (14.3%), II (8.0%) and V (4.2%) were observed. On 617 samples (391 group A, 226 group B) out of these strains, antibiotic susceptibility to 9 drugs were examined. No resistant strain (MIC greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml) to beta-lactam antibiotics was found in each group. Resistant strains in group A streptococci were demonstrated 24.3% to TC, 0.5% to OL. No resistant strain, however, was observed to CP or EM. In group B, resistant strains were found in 39.8% to TC, 6.6% to CP, 2.2% to EM. Strains resistant to only TC (31.0%) were most prevalent followed by TC.CP (6.2%) and TC.MLs (2.7%). Multi-resistant strain (to TC.CP.MLs) was not found.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

[A dying clinical diagnosis of scarlet fever--the last sixteen years survey].

11,119 patients with scarlet fever admitted in the last sixteen years, from 1973 to 1988, to Sapporo City General Hospital, were studied statistically on symptoms and laboratory findings. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Annual number of patients have reduced suddenly since 1981, and become zero in 1989. The patients increased in number during the winter season. Eighty two percent of the cases were between 3 and 8 years of age, and the average age was 5.8 year-old. 2. Cases of above-38 degrees C temperature were seen in about 81.4%, and from 2 to 5 days-duration of temperature were seen in 86.6% of the patients in the year 1976. Cases of above-moderate rash were observed in 68.2%, sever redness of throat in 29.9%, strawberry tongue in 86.3% and angular stomatitis in 37.7% of the patients. In recent statistical analysis (1982-1988), we found, however, a tendency that patients having stronger symptoms were being introduced to our hospital. 3. The higher rates of cases showing elevated ASD titer were seen in the elder patients and in the winter. C-reactive protein (CRP) titers were mostly in the range of (-) to (greater than or equal to 6+), having 2.4 + on an average. 4. Patients who developed into overt nephritis were not seen. Cases of microscopic hematuria (greater than or equal to 3 red cells/f in urine sediments), however, were observed in 1.1% (125/11,119). Sever complications were hardly seen. 5. Reappearance of beta-hemolytic streptococci (on a week after discharge) were found in 3.1% (241/7,877). 6. Reinfection or relapse cases of scarlet fever were found in 6.7% (642/9,585).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Temperature↗

PubMed1991

Questionnaire evaluation of balance in the performance of everyday activities after acoustic neuroma surgery.

We report the results of a questionnaire survey of balance during the performance of everyday activities in 57 patients who underwent acoustic neuroma surgery from one month to 13 years previously. Performance of everyday activities was temporarily impaired after surgery, but soon recovered to preoperative levels in most items. Unilateral labyrinthine loss impaired balance during actions involving head movement. However, there was no correlation between the results of rotation test VOR and the results of the questionnaire. Here we propose a new method of evaluating balance in everyday activities which takes into account the following five basic factors in assessing the difficulty of every day actions: 1) passivity, 2) involvement of head motion, 3) absence of vision, 4) shifting of center of gravity, 5) reduction of supporting foot area.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1991

Effect of alcohol on VOR compensation after unilateral labyrinthine loss.

It has been reported that alcohol ingestion reduces cerebellar control of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). To investigate the compensatory processes following labyrinthine loss, we examined gaze function and VOR before and after alcohol ingestion in 10 patients with unilateral lesion. The subjects were rotated sinusoidally in an electrically driven chair under two different visual conditions, i.e., mental arithmetic in the dark, and gaze fixation on a target on the wall. Whereas a control group (17 normal adults) showed no significant change after alcohol ingestion, patients showed a greater difference in gain between rotation to the intact side and affected side under the two conditions. The present study suggested significant cerebellar control of VOR and gaze function during recovery from unilateral labyrinthine dysfunction.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Control of gaze and locomotion by spatial orientation].

We reported a new theory for daily vestibular functions which advocates top-down regulation of posture and gaze by supposing the coordinates in the brain. The hypothesis consists of three principles; first, the vestibular system is primarily a sensory system to detect spatial orientation; second, multisensory integrations reconstruct three-dimensional coordinates in the brain, which ascertain spatial orientation; third, daily behaviours like gazing or walking are controlled in a feed-forward manner by programming on the coordinates in the brain. The hypothesis was useful to understand strategic differences between active and passive movements, to distinct gaze control from ocular reflexes, to apply the rules of gaze control to posture control, and to clarify the mechanism to produce motion sickness.

Fixation, Ocular↗

PubMed1991

[The motion sickness under reversing goggles (1st report)].

We observed locomotion and motion sickness in 10 normal adults wearing reversing goggles while moving outdoors. Horizontal reversal of the visual field produced moderate to severe ataxia and motion sickness in all subjects except one. There was marked variability in the sensitivity among different subjects. In contrast, vertical reversal produced no symptoms. Confusion of information relation to spatial orientation possibly caused both the motion sickness and abnormal locomotion. Horizontal reversal of visual information produces disorientation because visual information is equal in importance to that from the semicircular canals. In the case of vertical reversal of visual information, orientation may be assured by gravity. The present study suggests that motion sickness is a biological signal alerting the organism to loss of spatial orientation rather than a mere autonomic symptom produced by mismatched sensory information. It appears that motion sickness is accompanied by dysequilibrium and abnormality of locomotion.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Locomotion and motion sickness during horizontally and vertically reversed vision.

Locomotion and motion sickness during reversed vision were studied in ten normal subjects and a patient with bilateral labyrinthine loss. Whereas horizontal reversal produced moderate to severe gait disturbances as well as motion sickness in all normal subjects, vertical reversal failed to induce such symptoms. The patient, being free of motion sickness during both reversals, could not walk straight during horizontal reversal. The difference in the strength of sensory mismatch between both directions seemed to result from a difference in the role of vision for spatial orientation which is produced by the proprioceptive as well as otolithic inputs of gravity.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Studies on determination of minimum bactericidal concentrations of penicillin-G for beta-hemolytic streptococci].

Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of penicillin-G were determined for 94 isolates of beta-hemolytic streptococci: 37 group A; 40 group B; 6 group C; and 11 group G. Our experiments focused on the influence of technical variable factors on the outcome of the MBC test such as inoculum preparation, manner of inoculation, technique of sampling for survivors, growth phase of inoculum, final concentration of inoculum, and time of incubation. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The mean MBC, ranged from 0.0145 microgram/ml (group A) to 0.084 microgram/ml (group B). The MBC/MIC ratio ranged from 1- to 4-fold (3 strains: 2 group A, 1 group C), showing no penicillin-G tolerance. 2. Logarithmic-phase inocula used were prepared by incubating 10 ml Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) in water bath at 37 degrees C for 4 to 5 h after adding 0.01 ml of 24 h-incubated cultures. 3. 0.1 ml of logarithmic-phase inocula were released on the surface of penicillin-containing MHB (1 ml) without shaking or splashing. 4. It was important to resuspend the organisms by vortexing 4 h before tubes were sampled so that any organisms contaminating glassware above the meniscus were exposed to antibiotic. 5. No carry-over effect was observed with 0.01 ml samples. 6. Effect of bacterial growth phase on outcome of MBC test was not confirmed. 7. All tests used final volumes of 1.1 ml of MHB containing 10(5) cells/ml and 24-h incubation time.

Microbial Sensitivity Tests↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical trial of T-3262 on acute enteritis. Japan Research Committee of T-3262, Research Group for Acute Infectious Enteritis].

For the purpose of evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness on acute infectious enteritis (bacillary dysentery, and enteritis caused by Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., enteropathogenic E. coli, and so on), T-3262, a newly developed pyridone-carboxylic acid derivative, was administered to a total of 136 patients and carriers. In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity of T-3262 was determined against the clinical isolates, and compared with those of nalidixic acid (NA), pipemidic acid (PPA), enoxacin (ENX), norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX). The daily dose of 450 mg of T-3262 was administered orally three times after meals for 5 days, with the exception of 7 day administration against Salmonella enteritis. A total of 89 cases were evaluated; 23 with Shigella spp., 30 with Salmonella spp., 15 with Campylobacter spp., 6 with enteropathogenic E. coli, and 15 cases with the other pathogens or pathogen-negative. The efficacy on clinical symptoms judging from duration of fever, and duration of diarrhea and abnormal stool character was 100% in all the enteritis except enteropathogenic E. coli enteritis, in which it was 50% (n = 2). Concerning bacteriological response, elimination of the causative organisms from the feces was 100% in Shigella spp. (n = 19), Salmonella spp. (n = 30), and enteropathogenic E. coli (n = 6), although 64.3% in Campylobacter spp. (n = 14). As an adverse effect, epigastric discomfort was observed in one (0.8%) of 130 cases. Deteriorations in laboratory findings were seen in five (6.2%) of 81 cases, consisting of two with elevated GOT and GPT, two with elevated GPT, and one with increased eosinophils count, although they were all slight in degree. MICs of T-3262 which inhibited 90% of the isolates of Shigella spp, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp., were 0.025, 0.05, and 0.78 microgram/ml, respectively. These values were lowest among the quinolone derivatives tested, except that the MIC90 against Campylobacter spp. was the same as that of ofloxacin.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1989

[Comparison of clinical efficacy of lomefloxacin (LFLX, NY-198) and pipemidic acid (PPA) in the treatment of infectious enteritis by a double-blind method. The Japan Research Committee of Lomefloxacin Research Group Enteritis].

The clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of lomefloxacin (LFLX, NY-198), a new quinolone antimicrobial agent, were compared with those of pipemidic acid (PPA) in the treatment of infectious enteritis (bacillary dysentery, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli enteritis and Campylobacter enteritis) by a double blind method. Daily dosage of LFLX and PPA was 600 mg and 2000 mg, respectively administered orally divided into 4 doses. The duration of the treatment was 5 days. Of 290 cases studied, 100 cases were excluded and 21 cases were dropped from analysis of effectiveness and usefulness. The effectiveness and usefulness was evaluated in 169 cases (LFLX group: 83, PPA group: 86). There was no significance difference between the two groups in any background characteristics. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In 73 symptomatic patients (LFLX group: 35, PPA group: 38) on the day of the beginning of administration, the clinical effect was 91.4% in the LFLX group and 84.2% in the PPA group with no significant difference between the two groups. 2. In a total of 184 strains (LFLX group: 90, PPA group: 94), the bacteriological effects of LFLX (93.3%) was superior to that of PPA (80.9%) with significant difference (p = 0.0153). 3. In 169 evaluable patients, the global clinical effects of LFLX (92.8%) was superior to that of PPA (79.1%) with a significant difference (P = 0.0144). 4. Side effects were observed in 1 (0.7%) of the 141 patients in the LFLX group and none of the 143 patients in the PPA group. Abnormal laboratory test values were noted in 10 (7.6%) of the 132 patients treated with FLLX and 7 (5.1%) of the 136 patients treated with PPA, but they as no significant difference between the two groups. 5. In 169 evaluable patients, the clinical usefulness of LFLX (91.6%) was superior to that of PPA (76.7%) with a significant difference (P = 0.0111). From these results, LFLX is considered to be a clinically useful medicine in the treatment of infectious enteritis including bacillary dysentery.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical trial of T-3262 (Tosufloxacin tosilate) on Salmonella enteritis, and fecal drug concentration and change in the fecal microflora in the acute diarrheal patients. Japan Research Committee of T-3262, Research Group for Acute Infectious Enteritis].

For the purpose of evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness on Salmonella enteritis, T-3262 (Tosufloxacin tosilate), a newly developed pyridone-carboxylic acid derivative, was administered to a total of 103 patients and carriers. In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity of T-3262 was determined against the clinical isolates, and compared with those of nalidixic acid (NA), pipemidic acid (PPA), enoxacin (ENX), norfloxacin (NFLX) and ofloxacin (OFLX). And when T-3262 was administered to the patients of acute infectious enteritis, fecal drug concentration and their correlation to the changes in the fecal microflora were investigated. The daily dose of 450 mg T-3262 was administered orally three times after meal for 7 days. A total of 63 cases were evaluated (one case of mixed infection caused by Shigella flexneri and Salmonella sp. was included). The clinical efficacy was good in all the enteritis (N = 6). As the bacteriological effect, 60 out of 61 were eradicated, and eradication rate was 98.4%. Adverse effects were observed in four of 102 cases (3.9%), consisting of one with skin rash, one with nausea, headache and stomatitis and two with soft stools. Deteriorations in laboratory findings were seen in 5 of 23 cases (17.4%), consisting of one with elevated GOT, two with elevated GOT and GPT, one with elevated BUN and one with increased eosinophiles count, although they were all slight in degree. MICs of T-3262 which inhibited 90% of the isolates of Salmonella spp. was 0.05 microgram/ml, which was the lowest among the quinolone derivatives tested. The values of the fecal drug concentration of 7 cases of acute infectious enteritis, to which T-3262 administered, were higher than that of MIC90 and recovery rates of T-3262 were distributed from 2.85 to 46.3%. The degrees of changes of the drug concentrations were dependent on individual cases, and did not show the same trend. In addition, changes in the fecal microflora with in 24 hrs after T-3262 administration did not show the same trend.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1988