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Biomedical subjects

I Transbøl

Publications and source records attributed to I Transbøl.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Hypoparathyroidism in diabetes mellitus.

Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and indices of mineral and glucose metabolism were determined in 58 insulin treated diabetic patients (duration of disease 1-11 years). The mean serum iPTH level in all diabetic patients, measured simultaneously with sera from normal subjects, was 55% of normal mean (P < 0.01). The diabetic patients had hypomagnesaemia (P < 0.001), hypercalciuria (P < 0.001) and a 9.6% decrease in bone mass (P < 0.001). Low serum iPTH values were correlated with high glycosuria (R = -0.28, P < 0.05) and with long duration of diabetes (R = -0.31, P < 0.02). Patients with both high glycosuria and long diabetes duration had especially low iPTH values (mean 16 ng/l, n = 16) compared with patients with both low glycosuria and short diabetes duration (mean 32 ng/l, n = 15, P < 0.005) and with normal subjects (mean 37 ng/l, n = 28, P < 0.001). The 16 patients with low serum iPTH values also had higher urinary calcium excretion rate (P < 0.05) than the 15 patients with low glycosuria and short duration of diabetes. The diabetic hypoparathyroidism may be secondary to a primary disturbance of bone metabolism, with a negative net calcium balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of natural estrogen/gestagen and thiazide on coronary risk factors in normal postmenopausal women. A 2-year double-blind placebo study.

A 2-year double-blind trial designed for studying the separate and combined effects of bendroflumethiazide (BFTZ) and cyclical administration of 17 beta-estradiol + estriol/norethisterone (E/N) on coronary risk factors and bone mineral loss (reported elsewhere) was undertaken. Serum lipids, fasting blood glucose, body weight and blood pressure were measured every 3 months in 97 normal women in their early menopause. All participants received a supplement of 500 mg calcium and were randomized to one of the following treatment groups: 1) placebo (P) + P (n = 33); 2) P + E/N (n=21); 3) BFTZ + E/N (n=22); and 4) BFTZ + P (n=21). As compared with placebo BFTZ raised serum cholesterol by 6.0% (p less than 0.01), decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p less than 0.01) and reduced body weight (p less than 0.001). E/N decreased serum cholesterol by 9.8% (p less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure to the same extent as BFTZ (p less than 0.01), but left systolic blood pressure unchanged. Neither BFTZ nor E/N affected serum triglycerides or blood glucose significantly. During their combined use E/N easily overcame the hypercholesterolemic action of BFTZ, as serum cholesterol remained 6.5% and 12.5% below the mean values of the placebo and BFTZ group, respectively (p less than 0.001). The tendency of both BFTZ and E/N to raise serum triglycerides was added to cause a significant increase of 6.5% (p less than 0.01). No other additive effects were observed. In conclusion, the thiazide increased one (serum cholesterol) and decreased another (blood pressure) of the important coronary risk factors, whereas cyclical estrogen/-gestagen reduced both risk factors, also when given in combination with thiazide.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss: controlled 2-year study in 315 normal females.

With the aim of preventing postmenopausal bone loss, a placebo-controlled double-blind trial of 2 years duration was performed. We randomized 315 healthy volunteers in their early natural menopause to seven treatment and three placebo groups: 17 beta-oestradiol, oestriol and sequential norethisteron (hormones); bendroflumethiazide 5 mg/day (thiazide); hormones and thiazide; sodium fluoride 20 mg/day; vitamin D3 2000 IU/day (D3); fluoride and D3; and 1 alpha (OH) vitamin D3 0.25 microgram/day (1 alpha D3). All participants were given daily calcium supplement of 500 mg. Every 3 months we measured the bone mineral content (BMC) of both forearms by photon absorptiometry and chemical quantities in blood and 48 h urinary collections. The study was completed by 264 (84%). The combined placebo groups showed a linear fall in BMC reaching 3.3% after 2 years (P < 0.001). Hormones and hormones and thiazide led to a 2.5% gain in BMC (P < 0.01). Thiazide alone postponed the BMC fall for 6 months. After 2 years the thiazide group showed a BMC fall of 1.5% (P < 0.05), less than that of the placebo group (P < 0.05). BMC declined by 3.6%, 4.5%, 3.7% and 3.7% during the respective use of fluoride, D3, fluoride and D3 and 1 alpha D3. Nevertheless, the urinary calcium excretion during 1 alpha D3 and D3 treatment was 1--1.5 mmol/day higher than in the placebo groups. Apparently, there is no real alternative to oestrogen/gestagen in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Benzothiadiazines↗
PubMed1980

Pubertal growth as reflected by simultaneous changes in bone mineral content and serum alkaline phosphatase.

Bone mineral content and total serum alkaline phosphatase were measured simultaneously in 230 normal children and adolescents aged 7-20 years. The bone mineral content showed almost no variation from the age of 7 to 13 in boys a,d 7 to 11 in girls. Thereafter a sharp increase was seen in both sexes with a highly significant sex difference between the mean values. Bone mineral content showed a fairly high correlation with age, height, weight, and surface area in boys. Before the time of the growth spurt, however, these variables were poorly correlated or not correlated at all. Concentrations of total serum alkaline phosphatase increased up to the age of 14 in boys and 11 in girls. Thereafter a rapid fall was seen in both sexes, the mean levels being significantly higher in boys. The fall approximated adult levels in boys by the age of 20 and in girls by 18. A significant negative correlation between bone mineral content and serum alkaline phosphatase was seen both in boys (r=0.71, p less than 0.001) and in girls (r=0.79, p less than 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Calcium metabolism in schizophrenic patients on long-term neuroleptic therapy.

The bone mineral content (BMC) in both forearms (highly related to total body calcium) was measured in a large group of schizophrenic patients receiving neuroleptic drugs. The mean BMC value was 86% of normal (p less than 0.001), and the decrease was independent of type of neuroleptic treatment. In contrast, the biochemical variables (serum calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatases) were virtually normal. This combination of osteopenia and normal biochemical variables suggests that schizophrenics have osteoporosis, be it due to the disease or the treatment given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Development of 'primary' hyperparathyroidism during lithium therapy: longitudinal study.

The bone mineral content and the serum levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and protein-corrected calcium and magnesium were measured in 13 manic depressive patients before and during treatment with lithium. Initially all four parameters were normal. During the treatment the bone mineral decreased and the serum levels of iPTH, calcium, and magnesium increased. Although altered metabolism of parathyroid hormone cannot be ruled out, these data, together with other observations, suggest that a mild 'primary' hyperparathyroidism sets in quite early after institution of lithium therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Beta-cell function and metabolic control in insulin treated diabetics.

In a random one day study beta-cell function was evaluated in 210 insulin treated diabetics by the serum C-peptide concentration 6 min after iv injection of 1 mg of glucagon. Sixty-five patients (31%) had residual beta-cell function. As a group these patients were characterized by having a higher age at onset of diabetes (P less than 0.01), a shorter duration of disease (P less than 0.01) and by receiving a smaller dose of insulin (P less than 0.01). However, their quality of metabolic control did not differ from the patients without beta-cell function. Although the concentrations of post-stimulatory C-peptide correlated inversely with both the 24-hour glycosuria (P less than 0.01) and the fasting blood glucose concentrations (P less than 0.02), only a subgroup with C-peptide concentrations exceeding 0.30 pmol/ml showed a definitely better degree of metabolic control than those without beta-cell function. As this subgroup also received the smallest dose of insulin these observations suggest that maintenance of beta-cell function above this level facilitates good metabolic control. Evidence is presented suggesting that measurements of the 24-hour glycosuria undertaken in a diabetes clinic create a too optimistic impression of the quality of metabolic control during every day life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Bone loss in diabetes: effects of metabolic state.

The significance of different risk factors for the development of bone loss in diabetes mellitus was evaluated in a cross sectional study of 215 insulin treated diabetic outpatients. Bone mineral content in the forearms was measured by photon absorptiometry and the metabolic status was evaluated by three indices: residual B-cell function, insulin dosage and fasting blood glucose. The mean bone mineral content was reduced to 90.2% of sex- and age-matched normal mean values (P less than 0.001). Stratification of the patients showed that bone mineral content was 99.3% of that found in sex- and age matched normal subjects in the group with residual B-cell function, low insulin dosage and low fasting blood glucose; it was only 79.3% of normal in the group with no detectable insulin secretion, high insulin dosage and more severe hyperglycaemia. Thus, residual insulin secretion and the quality of metabolic control are major factors in determining bone mineral content in insulin treated diabetic patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1979

Protein correction of serum calcium in mild primary hyperparathyroidism.

Simultaneous determinations of serum total calcium(TOCa), protein corrected total calcium (TOCac), ultrafiltrable calcium (UFCa) and ionised calcium (Ca++) were undertaken in 63 controls and in 76 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Raised levels of Ca++ were used as one criterion of the diagnosis which was confirmed by operation in all. For the purpose of estimating the relative value of TOCa and TOCac in the detection of mild hyperparathyroidism we selected all patients with TOCa values below 3.00 mmol/l (n = 46). As a group these patients turned out to be mildly hypoproteinaemic (p less than 0.01), probably because of high age and complicating conditions. Further subdivision of this group into frank hypercalcaemia, borderline hypercalcaemia and normocalcaemia was undertaken according to the respective 99% and 95% confidence limits of normal. Twenty-seven patients were classified as frankly hypercalcaemic by TOCa as well as by TOCac. The distribution of the remaining 19 patients within the three categories was 1:6:12 as judged from TOCa while TOCac gave a better distinction from normal, 9:4:6 (p less than 0.01). This compared well with the classification obtained by UFCa, 10:5:4. It is concluded that TOCac is definitely advantageous to TOCa in the detection of hypercalcaemia in mild primary hyperparathyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of puberty on rates of bone growth and mineralisation: with observations in male delayed puberty.

The bone mineral content (BMC) and body height were measured in 301 normal children and adolescents aged 7--20 years, and in 8 boys with constitutional delayed puberty aged 14--17 years. Serum testosterone was measured in the last group as well as in a subpopulation of the normal children and adolescents. The growth spurt, which coincided with a steep increase of serum testosterone in boys, indicated a great change in skeletal growth and mineralisation in both sexes. After the growth spurt, linear growth slowed down considerably while bone mineralisation rose steeply. When low levels of serum testosterone were maintained, as in delayed puberty, these combined changes of skeletal growth and mineralisation did not occur. It is suggested that gonadal hormones are the true initiators of the short-lived growth spurt as well as of prolonged acceleration of bone mineralisation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Bone mineral loss in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus: studies on pathogenesis.

To elucidate pathogenetic factors of bone mineral loss in diabetes mellitus, bone mineral content (BMC), glucose and calcium homeostasis were evaluated in a cross-sectionsl study of 215 insulin-treated diabetics. BMC declined 10% during the first 5 years of diabetes. This coincided with cessation of insulin secretion, deterioration of metabolic control and raising urinary calcium excretion rates of calcium and phosphorus. BMC was inversely correlated to fasting blood glucose (P less than 0.02), to glycosuria (P less than 0.02) and to insulin requirement (P less than 0.002), and positively to the glucagon-stimulated serum C-peptide levels (P less than 0.005). Urinary excretion rates of calcium and phosphorus correlated positively with the degree of hyperglycaemia (P less than 0.001) and glycosuria (P less than 0.001). The skeletal calcium loss corresponded to the excess of urinary excretion during the phase of BMC reduction. There was no evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The relationship between bone loss and disturbed glucose homeostasis indicates that diabetic bone loss is secondary to the metabolic abnormalities, possibly acting directly on bone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Deterioration of renal function during treatment of chronic renal failure with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

A controlled study of the effects of the potent vitamin-D metabolite, 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25[OH]2D3), and vitamin D3 was done in 18 non-dialysed patients with chronic renal failure (C.R.F.). Patients with a creatinine clearance below 35 ml/min and mild renal osteodystrophy were selected. After 6 months' observation of the spontaneous course the patients were randomly allocated to 6 months' oral treatment with either 1, 25 (OH)2D3 or vitamin D3 in initial daily doses of 1microgram and 4000 I.U., respectively, combined with 0.5 g calcium. 1,25(OH)2D3 quickly corrected hypocalcaemia, reduced serum-alkaline-phosphatases and serum-immunoreactive-parathyroid-hormone, and more than doubled the urinary excretion rate of calcium. D3 had similar, but less pronounced effects. 7 out of 8 patients on 1,25(OH)2D3, developed hypercalcaemia which necessitated a reduction in dosage. None of the patients on D3 treatment developed hypercalcaemia. The percentage fall in creatinine clearance was greater during treatment than before treatment in all patients on 1, 25 (OH)2D3 (P less than 0.01) and in 7 of 9 patients on vitamin D3 treatment (though the group change here was not significant). Deterioration of renal function is a major limitation of the clinical use of 1, 25(OH)2D3 and D3 in non-dialysed patients with C.R.F. In fact, the decrased formation of 1, 25(OH)2D3 seen in C.R.F. might protect renal function at the expense of abnormalities in mineral metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Osteopenia in insulin treated diabetes mellitus. Its relation to age at onset, sex and duration of disease.

Bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry in 215 insulin treated diabetic out-patients aged 7--70 years. As bone mass increases until the age of 20--25 years, patients were so selected that all remained within the same phase of bone mineral storage throughout the entire course of their diabetes. Other criteria for exclusion were diseases or drugs interfering with mineral metabolism and previous use of oral antidiabetic agents. As a group the patients demonstrated a bone mineral deficit of 9.8% compared with sex- and age-matched controls (P less than 0.001). Comparison between patients who had developed diabetes before the age of 20 years and after that of 25 years revealed deficits of 14% and 7%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Sex differences were not observed. The initiation of osteopenia seemed to coincide with the onset of clinical diabetes mellitus, and significantly reduced bone mineral content was observed after 2 years of diabetes (P less than 0.001). After 3--5 years the osteopenia appeared to attain a stable level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Calcium metabolism in lithium-treated patients. Relation to uni-bipolar dichotomy.

The bone mineral content (BMC) together with biochemical indices of calcium metabolism were measured in 83 manic-depressive patients on long-term lithium therapy. The patients were diagnosed and divided into a unipolar and a bipolar group according to strict symptomatic course criteria. The patients with bipolar course had a significantly decreased BMC (88% of normal, P is less than 0.001), while the unipolar patients had normal BMC. Both groups had biochemical changes consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Adult↗