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Biomedical subjects

I Ushakov

Publications and source records attributed to I Ushakov.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Soviet pilot-physician program.

The program for training pilot-physicians was started in 1952. It was the first and the only one in the history of the USSR/Russia. Young military physicians from different military forces and graduates of the Saratov Military Medical Faculty were invited to participate in the program. Selected military physicians were sent for 2 yr of flight training. Six graduates from Omsk School became bomber pilots, while eight graduates from Chuguev School were appointed instructor pilots. Special positions and regulations for pilot-physicians were not created. Some pilot-physicians continued their aviation career, and some returned to medicine. For a short time a limited number of pilot-physician positions existed in the research institute in Moscow. Two graduates from this program were appointed to these positions. One of the pilot-physicians became a cosmonaut; and at least six obtained scientific degrees in medicine and made significant contributions to the development of aerospace medicine.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1994

Arthropod model systems for studying complex biological processes in the space environment.

Three arthropod systems are discussed in relation to their complementary and potential use in Space Biology. In a next biosatellite flight, Drosophila melanogaster pre-adapted during several months to different g levels will be flown in an automatic device that separates parental from first and second generations. In the same flight, flies will be exposed to microgravity conditions in an automatic unit in which fly motility can be recorded. In the International Microgravity Laboratory-2, several groups of Drosophila embryos will be grown in Space and the motility of a male fly population will be video-recorded. In the Biopan, an ESA exobiology facility that can be flown attached to the exterior of a Russian biosatellite, Artemia dormant gastrulae will be exposed to the space environment in the exterior of the satellite under a normal atmosphere or in the void. Gastrulae will be separated in hit and non-hit populations. The developmental and aging response of these animals will be studied upon recovery. With these experiments we will be able to establish whether exposure to the space environment influences arthropod development and aging, and elaborate on some of the cellular mechanisms involved which should be tested in future experiments.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Recent approaches in the analysis of weightlessness effects on arthropod development.

The concept of Biological Development refers to the extremely complex process by which every biological organism reproduces starting from a huge single cell, the fertilized egg. It includes all aspects of cellular and intercellular structure and function. In spite of many recent advances, especially at the molecular and genetical level, we are still far from fully understanding the details and mechanisms at work in developmental systems. It is even unclear what physical mechanisms are used by the different molecular components resulting in the emergence of these higher levels of organization. Newman and Comper, have extensively discussed the "generic" physical forces potentially involved in pattern formation, arguing that among others, gravitational effects could be involved in the production of cytoplasmic, tissue and extracellular matrix components rearrangements playing a role in morphogenesis. Although plagued with the problem of being a very weak force, specially at the tiny dimensions of cells, gravity is one of the "generic" physical forces that have been continuously operating on biological organisms during evolution. Few scientists would argue against the idea that at least in the early times of evolution, gravity could have been involved in shaping the spatial inhomogeneities behind the initial phases of development.

Animals↗