Biomedical subjects

I Van Mechelen

Publications and source records attributed to I Van Mechelen.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Three-way component analysis: principles and illustrative application.

Three-way component analysis techniques are designed for descriptive analysis of 3-way data, for example, when data are collected on individuals, in different settings, and on different measures. Such techniques summarize all information in a 3-way data set by summarizing, for each way of the 3-way data set, the associated entities through a few components and describing the relations between these components. In this article, 3-mode principal components analysis is described at an elementary level. Guidance is given concerning the choices to be made in each step of the process of analyzing 3-way data by this technique. The complete process is illustrated with a detailed description of the analysis of an empirical 3-way data set.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1999

Predicting conjunction typicalities by component typicalities.

In two studies, we investigated to what extent typicalities in conjunctive concepts phrased as relative clauses--such as pets that are also birds--can be predicted from simple functions of constituent typicalities and from extensions of such functions. In a first study, analyses of a large aggregated data set, based on seven different experiments, showed that a calibrated minimum rule model and some extensions of this model accounted for a very large part of the variance in the conjunction typicalities. The same models can also account for the so-called guppy effect. A psychological explanation is presented, which states that typicalities in contrast categories, like pets that are not birds and birds that are not pets, further improve the prediction of conjunction typicalities. This hypothesis is tested in a second study.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Not guppies, nor goldfish, but tumble dryers, Noriega, Jesse Jackson, panties, car crashes, bird books, and Stevie Wonder.

This paper focuses on the guppy effect (Osherson & Smith, 1981), that is, on the existence of examples of conjunctive concepts that are more typical of the conjunction than of both constituents. The most frequently given examples of this effect, guppy and goldfish, are shown not to be more typical of the conjunction pet fish than of fish in two between-subjects and one within-subjects experiment. The frequency of the effect in a large empirical study is investigated, and better examples of the effect are suggested.

Cognition↗

PubMed1993

Dominance and noncommutativity effects in concept conjunctions: extensional or intensional basis?

Dominance and noncommutativity effects are investigated in relative clause descriptions of five conjunctive concepts (birds and pets, sports and games, vehicles and machines, office equipment and writing implements, and shoes and sports equipment). Both asymmetry phenomena are studied at the extensional level (using membership ratings) and at the intensional level (using feature-importance ratings). A clear dominance effect was found for both the membership ratings and the feature-importance ratings, whereas the noncommutativity effect emerged only occasionally in the membership ratings and almost never in the feature-importance ratings. The data suggested that the dominance effect and the much weaker noncommutativity effect have an extensional basis.

Communication↗

PubMed1993

Part-instance association in the categorization of acts.

Rips and Conrad (1989) found a kind-part reciprocal effect in models of the mind, in that one mental activity is part of another if the second is a kind of the first, and vice versa. In the present paper, we hypothesize that a formally analogous effect occurs at the level of activity instances. In particular, we hypothesize that an act is judged to be an instance of an act category referred to by an activity verb if the activity is judged to be an important part of the act, and vice versa. Empirical support for this hypothesis is found in three studies with activity verbs. The converse part-instance relation is further noted to parallel the part-instance association for a specific type of metonymically defined categories. Rips and Conrad's kind-part reciprocal effect is shown to be a logical consequence of the converse part-instance relation.

Attention↗