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Biomedical subjects

I Villa

Publications and source records attributed to I Villa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Absence of D1 dopamine receptors that stimulate prolactin release in the rat pituitary.

It has been shown recently that SKF 38393-A (2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine-7-ol), a D-1 receptor agonist, possesses a prolactin-releasing effect in the rat, though the pituitary or central nervous system location of the receptors involved has not been clarified. The aim of our study was to elucidate this point. SKF 38393-A administered to freely moving adult female and male rats induced a striking, short-lived increase of basal prolactin levels. The prolactin stimulatory effect of SKF 38393-A was counteracted by pretreatment with SCH 23390, A D-1 receptor blocker. SKF 38393-A (10(-11)-10(-6)M) added to monolayer primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells from rats of both sexes failed to modify prolactin release. At higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M) the drug induced a slight inhibition of prolactin release. Similarly, SKF 38393-A failed to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in anterior pituitary membranes from rats of both sexes at low concentrations, while it inhibited enzyme activity at higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-3) M). The latter effect was counteracted by concomitant addition of the antagonist of D-2 receptors, 1-sulpiride. These data demonstrate that: (1) the anterior pituitary does not contain D-1-dopamine receptors (positively coupled to adenylate cyclase) stimulatory to prolactin release; (2) the striking prolactin-releasing effect of SKF 38393-A in the rat is due to activation of extra-pituitary D-1 dopamine receptors; (3) SKF 38393-A, at high concentrations, is capable of activating pituitary D-2 receptors.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗
PubMed1987

Evidence for different classes of calcitonin binding sites in rat CNS: an autoradiographic study with carbo-calcitonin.

The distribution of binding sites in the rat CNS for a synthetic analogue of eel calcitonin, [Asu1-7]eel calcitonin (carboCT) was investigated. This distribution was compared to that for the natural peptide to see whether a modified molecule would also reveal different classes of binding sites for CT. The regional distribution of 125I-carboCT binding in coronal sections of rat CNS was examined by an in vitro autoradiographic technique. Non-specific binding was assessed after addition of excess cold carboCT or eel CT and the results showed that carboCT binding is specific and that it is displaced equally by cold carboCT and by eel CT. There was dense labelling in the nucleus accumbens, in the tractus striohypothalamicus, in the anterior and posterior part of the hypothalamus except for the nucleus ventromedialis, in the amygdala, in the pars medialis of the reticular formation, in the nucleus ruber, in the periventricular gray and in the raphe magnus. Grains were less dense in the hypothalamus lateralis, in the substantia nigra and in the nucleus interpeduncularis. In contrast to eel CT, carboCT did not bind in the spinal cord, nor did carboCT prevent eel CT binding in this area, whereas it was able to prevent it in the brain. These results are consistent with the existence of different classes of binding sites for CT in rat brain and in spinal cord, and indicate that the substitution of the S-S bond with a C-C bond in the eel CT molecule makes the peptide more selective for one class of binding sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Involvement of brain histamine in basal and stress-induced release of prolactin in the rat.

We investigated whether inhibition of brain histamine (HA) synthesis by alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH) can influence basal or stimulated prolactin (PRL) release in male rats. alpha-FMH was administered either into the carotid (i.a., 20 and 100 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v., 200 micrograms/rat) into freely moving rats with indwelling catheters. Plasma PRL levels were measured 90, 120, 180 min later. Both i.a. and i.c.v. administration of alpha-FMH significantly inhibited basal PRL secretion at 120 and 180 min. When PRL secretion was stimulated by exposing rats to restraint stress, alpha-FMH administered 3 h before the stress (20 and 100 mg/kg, i.a.; 200 micrograms/rat, i.c.v.) was able to prevent the PRL surges at 10 and 20 min after stress. These results suggest that endogenous brain HA has a facilitatory role in the control of PRL secretion in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A controlled clinical study on the efficacy of benzydamine in the topical treatment of non-specific cervicitis and vaginitis.

The authors report the results achieved in a controlled clinical study carried out for evaluating the efficacy of some topical preparations in the treatment of the so-called non-specific cervicovaginitis. The best results have been observed in 55 patients treated with a 0.1% benzydamine solution, whose efficacy was found to be significantly greater than that of povidone-iodine vaginal suppositories or a 0.2% aluminium acetate solution that were used in an additional 45 patients suffering from non-specific vulvovaginitis and exocervicitis, according to a fully randomized experimental study protocol. The results obtained in the non-selected population of the present study confirm the usefulness of benzydamine vaginal douches in the therapy of non-specific inflammations involving the lower female genital apparatus.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

Prostaglandins in human milk.

Human milk contains many different components which interact locally in the gastrointestinal tract and stimulate some systemic functions. Among these substances are prostaglandins. We obtained samples of foremilk and hindmilk in 8 lactating women by manual expression before and after 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. on the 3rd day post partum. The following values were found for prostaglandin E2: foremilk, 162 +/- 135 pg/ml; hindmilk, 198 +/- 148 pg/ml. The values for 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha were: foremilk, 818 +/- 386 pg/ml, and hindmilk, 795 +/- 487 pg/ml. The values for thromboxane B2 were: foremilk, 3,557 +/- 2,770 pg/ml and hindmilk, 4,476 +/- 4,053 pg/ml. The results showed a great variability without statistical differences between paired values of the four groups. This dispersion may be produced by the procedure for extraction and by individual basal levels.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1986

[Etiopathogenesis of tennis elbow].

Authors describes movements Which elbow must make To play Tennis, and what of this, if incorrectly, leads to Tennis elbow; the backhand drive is the most responsible Authors brief remembered the importance of equipments in Tennis elbow.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

[Involvement of the occipito-atlanto-axial articulation in rheumatoid arthritis].

The authors, after reviewing the world bibliography, remember the seriousness, quoad vitam, of the atlanto-axial sub-luxation as a frequent complication of rheumatoid arthritis. They, for such reason, emphasize the importance of a precocious diagnosis, with the systematic research, in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, of the clinical and radiographic signs of such a dreadful complication.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

[Thalamic fractures of the calcaneus. Indications and osteosynthesis technics].

The authors describe their therapeutical attitude as regards the thalamic fractures of heel, and distinguish two basic methods of surgical approach: reducing of thalamus and synthesis with only screws in the simple fractures; reducing of thalamus and restoration of the heel morphology by mtans of plate and screws in the complex fractures. They particularly report the satisfactory results got through the use of Lanzetta's plates, which, allowing a good reducting and a steady synthesis in the complex fractures also, permit an early mobilization.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of ethanol in preovulatory periods on LH, FSH, prolactin and ovulation in rats].

The effect of ethanol (4 g/kg) as well as the role of serotoninergic neurons on the rate of ovulation and plasma LH, FSH and prolactin secretion have been studied in rats at preovulatory periods (18th hour of diestrus). It has been found that administration of ethanol in preovulatory periods decreased the number of ovules per rat (p less than 0.001), the number of ovulating rats and LH levels (p less than 0.001). These effects were accompanied by an increase in prolactin concentration (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.02), which was followed by a diffuse luteinization in the ovarian tissue. These results showed that ethanol had an effect of central depression in preovulatory periods. These effects could be mediated through the hypothalamic releasing factors. Under previous serotonin depletion with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA: 300 mg/kg), ethanol caused similar effects on LH and FSH levels as compared with the control group with PCPA. However, prolactin concentration was not increased. These results showed that serotoninergic neurons could be mediated in changes caused by ethanol on prolactin secretion, but do not affect directly in changes caused on LH and FSH secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on LH, FSH, prolactin and ovulation in the rat].

The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA: 300 mg/kg) on the rate of ovulation and plasma LH, FSH and prolactin secretion has been studied in rats at preovulatory periods (18th hour of diestrus) and post-ovulatory periods (9th hour of metaestrus). In both experimental groups, results showed that administration of PCPA caused an increase in both prolactin concentration and number of mature ovarian follicles (p less than 0.001). No changes were observed in FSH levels. LH concentration, however, decreased (p less than 0.001) and ovulation became totally inhibited. Rats treated at the 9th hour of metaestrus exhibited a marked luteinization as well as an increased number of corpus luteum in the ovaric tissue (p less than 0.001), whereas those treated at the 18th hour of diestrus underwent no luteinization and merely showed a greater number of mature ovarian follicles (p less than 0.001). PCPA, therefore, seems not to have a double effect on ovulation, LH, FSH, and prolactin secretion regardless of the pre or post-ovulatory periods. Changes observed in the ovaric tissue might be due to an increase in plasma prolactin concentration which appears earlier in the preovulatory than in the post-ovulatory treated animals. This difference may explain the double effect that has been attributed to the ovaric cycle and reproductive behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of ethanol on ovulation, reproduction and fetal development in the rat].

Single doses of ethanol (0.5 and 4 g/kg) were injected at 18 h of the diestrus, 9 h of the proestrus and 18 h of the estrus phase (first day of pregnancy). The ovarian cycle number of ovules and ovarian follicles, insemination, number of embryos, fetal development and the observed malformation were evaluated. Alcohol (4 g/kg) at 18 h of the diestrus, increased the receptive estrus phase and the number of mature follicles in the ovary, while it decreased the number of ovulations, pregnancies and embryos in rats. It was found that alcohol (4 g/kg) at preovulatory periods, increased the percentage of dead and malformed fetuses, and decreased the length of the higher limbs. Furthermore, the same doses of alcohol administered at the first day of pregnancy, produced a decrease in weight, size and length of the legs. Results showed that single doses of alcohol injected in preovulatory periods and first day of pregnancy, had a teratogenic action. Furthermore, alcohol inhibited ovulation and stimulated animal receptibility when administered at 18 h of diestrus.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗