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Biomedical subjects

I W Mair

Publications and source records attributed to I W Mair.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Respiratory tract viruses in otosclerotic lesions. An immunohistochemical study.

A series of viral antigens, including adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1 and 3, measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial (RSV) and Epstein Barr (EBV) viruses was studied in a prospective series of stapes specimens from 24 consecutive patients operated on for otosclerosis. The stapes specimens were processed for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. With the exception of one case of positive specific reactivity for anti-RSV antibody in one multinuclear osteoclastic cell, no specific reactivity was seen in the specimens. This was the case both in active (n = 8) and inactive (n = 16) otosclerotic lesions. The possibility of unspecific staining reactions is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Tuberculous otomastoiditis.

A review of the 20th century English-language literature has produced a total of 320 cases of tuberculous otitis media or otomastoiditis, of which a surprising 93 cases have been reported in the 5-year period 1986-1990. Eighty-three percent of these have come from indigenous African populations. The international health and sociological implications of this development are disturbing. three personal cases seen during the past 8 years are presented, all of whom came from the indigenous Norwegian population. The epidemiology of these cases is therefore different, which can result in a diagnostic delay due to a low index of suspicion. The historically classical signs of this disease are frequently absent.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

High-frequency audiometry. Masking of air- and bone-conduction signals.

Interaural attenuation has been investigated for both air-conduction and bone-conduction signals in the frequency ranges 0.25-18 and 0.25-16 kHz respectively. Ear canal occlusion is recommended when using the Koss HV/1A earphone for BC masking, as acoustic transmission occurs through the headset in the high-frequency range. Minimum masking levels for 1/3-octave filtered white noise were established for bone-conduction signals in the frequency range 8-16 kHz. Central masking of bone-conduction signals proved to be of the same order of magnitude in the conventional- and high-frequency ranges, while the cross-masking level was approximately 10-15 dB lower above 6 kHz. Recommendations are made for a masking procedure in the high frequency range.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

[Otoacoustic emissions].

Otoacoustic emissions provide a new method for objective assessment of peripheral auditory function. Emissions have been recorded in 80 patients and comparisons made with subjective hearing tests and brain stem response audiometry. Our experiences confirm that this procedure is rapid and easy to perform, and that the presence of emissions is a reliable indication of normal function in the middle ear and cochlea. This is particularly useful in neonates, young children and adults whose inability to cooperate prevents the use of behavioural audiometry. Recording of otoacoustic emissions can replace brain stem response audiometry as the primary objective assessment of auditory function in these groups.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1991

Cerebral abscess complicating dilatation of a corrosive esophageal stricture.

A case is presented in which a metastatic cerebral abscess developed in a 62-year-old female who required repeated dilatation for an esophageal stricture following accidental ingestion of liquid caustic soda. The literature is reviewed and management suggested for the avoidance of this uncommon complication.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1991

High-frequency audiometry. Response characteristics of the KH70 vibrator.

Various response characteristics of the Präcitronic KH70 bone vibrator have been investigated in the frequency range 0.25 through 16 kHz. Masked threshold reproducibility is satisfactory throughout the frequency range. An occlusion effect is present only at frequencies at and below 1 kHz. Stimulus perception lateralizes to the occluded ear through 1 kHz and less consistently at successively higher frequencies. The KH70 does not satisfy the IEC 645 (1979) criterion for acoustic radiation for frequencies below 6 kHz, especially at the intermediate frequencies of 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz. With the restrictions inherent in the occlusion effect, this does not, however, interfere with threshold determination. The vibrator would thus seem suitable for clinical use through 16 kHz.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Right-sided microtia and conductive hearing loss with variable expressivity in three generations.

Familial cases of microtia and meatal atresia are rare, and both dominant and recessive inheritance have been suggested. We here report a family with right-sided external ear malformations and conductive hearing loss in a grandfather, his daughter and granddaughter. The grandfather and the granddaughter both had microtia and meatal atresia, whereas the daughter had a normal outer ear except for a narrow meatus and auricular appendages. The pedigree suggests autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Occasional stapes surgery--a Norwegian experience.

The past history of, and current trend in, stapes surgery are reviewed, and experience from a personal series of 128 procedures over an 18 year period is presented. Results are frequently poorer than many surgeons and their patients anticipate, and more stringent pre-operative case selection and centralisation of surgical activity would appear desirable. Amplification has become a more acceptable management alternative for some patient categories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Audiometric results of TORP and PORP middle ear reconstruction.

The results of 70 middle ear reconstructions using either total or partial ossicular replacement prostheses are presented, the mean observation period being 45 months. Twenty-seven of the prostheses (39%) were extruded, this occurring as late as 72 months after surgery, and four (6%) were removed at reoperation. The surgical results when assessed by the magnitude of the air-bone gap are comparable to those of other series in the literature. However, postoperative air conduction thresholds remained high, and 23% of the patients are using hearing aids. The average air-bone gap for the frequencies 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz does not provide information on patients' everyday hearing level, and should no longer be employed as an index for assessing the functional results of middle ear surgery.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1989

Air conduction thresholds and secretory otitis media: a conventional and extra-high frequency audiometric comparison.

A comparison has been made of air conduction threshold changes up to 1 year after myringotomy, aspiration of middle ear fluid, and insertion of ventilation tubes in ten patients with bilateral and 12 with unilateral secretory otitis media (SOM). Pure tone air conduction thresholds have been analyzed in three frequency groups: low frequency (LF; 0.25 0.5, and 1 kHz), high frequency (HF; 2, 4, and 8 kHz), and extra-high frequency (EHF; 10, 12, 14 and 16 kHz). In the LF and HF ranges, significant improvement came during the first 24 hours after intubation, while in the EHF range, threshold lowering occurred gradually over the following 2 months. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Basal cell adenomatosis of minor salivary glands of the upper lip.

The basal cell adenoma is one of the more commonly occurring types of salivary tumors in the upper lip. A case with multiple (five) tumors is presented and the literature reviewed. This lesion would be more correctly designated as an adenomatosis. In spite of its frequent multicentricity, recurrence is unusual following surgical removal.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

High-frequency audiometry: air- and electric bone-conduction.

Normative values have been obtained for high-frequency air- and electric bone-conduction thresholds in different age groups. Reproducibility with both methods is of the same order of magnitude as with conventional audiometry. The two thresholds can be compared and the air-conduction/electric bone-conduction gap obtained by transforming the electric bone-conduction values to a dB notation by means of a formula containing a frequency-dependent constant.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

High-frequency audiometry: comparison of electric bone-conduction and air-conduction thresholds.

Thresholds have been measured with two commercially available high-frequency (HF) audiometers providing respectively air-conduction (AC) and electric bone-conduction (EBC) stimulation. Normative values for the latter have been obtained, and the reduction of HF sensitivity with both stimulus modes documented in two groups aged 50-59 and 70-79 years. EBC reproducibility is of the same order of magnitude as the AC signal through 14 kHz, while the dynamic range is limited to 50 dB. Lateralization of the EBC signal occurs up to at least 17 kHz. The logarithmic conversion factor of Tonndorf and Kurman [Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Lar. 93: 576-582, 1984] does not result in equivalent AC and EBC thresholds at all frequencies, but does provide similar loudness sensation increases. The 40 log (i) re 1 mA conversion factor must be adjusted with a frequency-dependent additive correction.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Screening for retrocochlear pathology.

In 1982, 135 patients were screened for possible retrocochlear pathology, by means of an investigation protocol consisting of caloric test, impedance audiometry and brainstem response audiometry (BRA). A combination of the first two of these procedures had an unacceptably low prognostic accuracy. BRA indicated retrocochlear pathology in 8 and was inconclusive in 4 cases. Enhanced computer tomography revealed an intracranial tumour in 4 of the former, while no space-occupying lesion could be demonstrated in the remainder nor in the 4 patients with inconclusive BRA. BRA is the best single test for screening of this patient category.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1988

Low-frequency auditory brainstem response threshold.

Auditory brainstem thresholds have been determined in 35 non-cooperative, anaesthetized children using a 'two-point audiogram' paradigm. The high-frequency point was found with a 2 kHz tone-burst without masking, and the low-frequency with a 0.5 kHz tone-burst together with 1 kHz high-pass noise masking. Great variability was found in the low-frequency thresholds, and only 3 of 18 ears with normal high-frequency thresholds had low-frequency thresholds below 70 dB nHL. It is concluded that the 0.5 kHz tone-burst with 1 kHz high-pass noise masking is not a reliable method for routine assessment of low-frequency auditory threshold at the brainstem level.

Adolescent↗