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Biomedical subjects

I Yano

Publications and source records attributed to I Yano.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Preventive effect of vinpocetine on calcifications: atherosclerosis in experimental rabbits.

The action of vinpocetine (14-ethoxycarbonyl-(3 alpha, 16 alpha-ethyl)-14, 15 eburnamine) on calcifications in liver, kidney, and CNS tissues from cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in 16 experimental rabbits was studied. Three of 4 groups (4 rabbits each group) feeding on a cholesterol-rich diet developed atherosclerosis after 3 months. Two of the 4 groups were also fed vinpocetine supplements and analysis by neutron activation method showed a decrease in calcium content in CNS tissues and in liver and kidney. Results suggest that vinpocetine acts to decalcify cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic lesions in these tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Rapid identification of serotypes of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex by using infected swine sera and reference antigenic glycolipids.

The species of 136 strains of acid-fast bacteria isolated from swine with mycobacteriosis were identified by numerical taxonomy and chemotaxonomy on the basis of mycolic acid subclass composition as members of the Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare (MAI) complex. The isolates were further classified by using both thin-layer chromatography of the antigenic glycopeptidolipids (GPL) obtained from the bacteria by the method of Tsang et al. (A. Y. Tsang, I. Drupa, M. Goldberg, J. K. McClatchy, and P. J. Brennan, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33:285-292, 1983) and the seroagglutination test devised by W. B. Schaefer (Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 92[Suppl.]:85-93, 1965). For the reference standard, purified antigenic GPL of serotypes 4, 8, and 9 were isolated and their structures were analyzed by negative fast-atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. The fast-atom bombardment-mass spectrometric spectra of the intact GPL antigens of serotypes 4, 8, and 9 agreed with the structures reported earlier by Brennan et al. (P. J. Brennan and M. B. Goren, J. Biol. Chem. 254:4205-4211, 1979; P. J. Brennan, G. O. Aspinall, and J. E. Nam Shin, J. Biol. Chem. 256:6817-6822, 1981). With these antigenic GPL, the thin-layer chromatographic behaviors of the alkali-stable lipids of the above-described isolates were examined. These MAI complex isolates fell into the serotype 8 (85 strains), 4 (33 strains), and 9 (7 strains) and untypeable (11 strains) categories. Furthermore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on type-specific glycolipid antigens and infected swine sera was used to diagnose the serological types of the MAI complex isolates. Of 14 cases typed by both the seroagglutination reaction and thin-layer chromatography, 13 showed clear agreement with the ELISA results. The results demonstrated that ELISA using infected sera was especially useful, and it can be recommended on the basis of simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity as an adjunct to the seroaggulutination test and thin-layer chromatography for identification of mycobacteria belonging to the MAI complex.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Postoperative hemodynamic and metabolic changes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Positron emission tomography was performed using an oxygen-15 gas inhalation technique to measure regional cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate for oxygen, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral blood volume in 13 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage during the period of delayed vasospasm after surgery as well as in 10 volunteers as controls. Compared with the controls, the patients showed decreased hemoglobin concentration and decreased total arterial oxygen content due to postoperative hemodilution. Global reductions in the metabolic rate for oxygen and in the tissue oxygen supply were noted even in the apparently normal cortex of the patients in spite of adequate blood flow and adequate oxygen extraction fraction. In addition, regional reductions in blood flow and in perfusion reserve were seen in the cortical territory corresponding to cerebral vasospasm. Our results indicate that two processes are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm: 1) generalized impairment of oxygen metabolism with a reduced tissue oxygen supply, even in the apparently normal cortex, and 2) additional impairment of regional perfusion in the territory of vasospasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Granuloma formation in mice by liposomes of new glycolipid containing mycolic acids, "trehalose 2,3,6'-trimycolate"].

After intravenous administration of liposomes containing a novel glycolipid, trehalose 2,3,6'-trimycolate, isolated from Rhodococcus aurantiacus, the granuloma formation was observed distinctively in the lungs, spleen and liver of ICR mice. The concentration of the glycolipid in liposomes influenced profoundly on the inducibility for granulomas and the liposomes containing 10 mol% of trehalose 2,3,6'-trimycolate showed the highest activity for the granuloma formation in mice without a significant loss of body weight of mice with a less toxicity. EggPC liposomes are of more highly inducible for the granuloma formation in mice than eggPC:PS (7:3, mol ratio) liposomes or eggPC:Chol (9:1, mol ratio) liposomes, suggesting that cholesterol in liposomes was not necessarily essential for inducing granulomas in mice. Among the various PC liposomes, synthetic dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes were of highly inducible, although a high responsiveness was also observed with natural lecithines such as egg or soy PC. However, distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) liposomes did not show any activity for the granuloma formation in any organs of mice. Organ responsiveness differed significantly in the micelle forms injected. Glycolipid entrapped with eggPC-Chol liposomes showed a lower lung index below 1.0, in contrast to w/o/w micelles containing Freunds' incomplete adjuvant, which showed a higher granuloma formation in the lungs. It was also noted that the toxicity of glycolipid containing liposomes was comparatively lower than the toxicity of glycolipid containing w/o/w micelles, indicating that the liposomes appeared to be more suitable for the induction of the immunomodifying activities of mycolic acid-containing glycolipids than w/o/w micelles.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[An immune adjuvant activity of mycolic acid-containing glycolipid, trehalose-2,3,6'-trimycolate, derived from Gordona aurantiaca].

A mycolic acid-containing glycolipid, trehalose-2,3,6'-trimycolate (GaGM), derived from Gordona aurantiaca, an acid-fast bacterium closely related taxonomically to Mycobacterium, was investigated for its immune adjuvant activity on cell-mediated responses in the mouse. I.V. injection of liposomes containing GaGM enhanced the generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) against syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cells. In addition, the injection of GaGM augmented the natural killer (NK) activity and the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). These results suggest that the injection of GaGM induces the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), since such effector cells as CTL, NK and K cells have been shown to require IL-2 for their development.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

[In vitro activation of immune cells by a mycolic acid-containing glycolipid, trehalose-2,3,6'-trimycolate, derived from Gordona aurantiaca].

A mycolic acid-containing glycolipid, trehalose-2,3,6'-trimycolate (GaGM), derived from Gordona aurantiaca, an acid-fast bacteria closely related taxonomically to Mycobacterium, was investigated for its immune adjuvant activity in vitro. The liposomes containing GaGM showed strong mitogenic effects on murine spleen cells at the doses used (25-100 micrograms/ml), but not on T-cell-depleted spleen cells or macrophage-depleted spleen cells. These results suggest that the mitogenic property of liposomes containing GaGM differs from that of such as lipopolysaccharide, a B-cell mitogen and that its mitogenic effects depend on the presence of macrophages. In addition, liposomes containing GaGM augmented the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and in vitro induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) against allogeneic tumor cells. These results suggest that liposomes containing GaGM have immune adjuvant properties in vitro and the adjuvant activity may be related to such cytokines as interleukin-1 and -2.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

[The correlation of serum parathyroid hormones among patients with dementia of vascular type, hemodialysis, and bone-joint disorders].

PTH levels were analysed in sera of patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis, with the vascular type of dementia and orthopedic patients with bone-joint disorders, using PTH assay kits. There were significant interrelationship among all kinds of PTH levels in the hemodialysis patients, but not in patients with the vascular type of dementia and the bone-joint disorders. Renal functions might be responsible for fragmentation of PTH in blood stream. These results suggested that the measurement of PTH levels is needed to examine various kinds of amino-sequence of PTH levels in keeping normal function of kidney.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Relationships between structure and biological activity of the mycolic acid-containing glycolipids from Nocardia asteroides "sensu stricto" and related species.

To reveal the taxonomical situation of Nocardia asteroides "sensu stricto", we compared the mycolic acid and mycolic acid-containing glycolipid composition and their granulomagenic activities in mice. The major glycolipids were glucose mono- and dimycolate, trehalose mono- and dimycolate and several unknown glycolipids, commonly, although the relative amount differed from strain to strains. On the other hand, molecular species composition of mycolic acids differed distinctively among the three closely related species: N. asteroides "sensu strico", N. farcinica and N. nova. GC/MS analysis showed the most abundant species of mycolic acids were C50(52) in N. asteroides, C54(52) in N. farcinica and C58(56) in N. nova, respectively with a different alpha-alkyl branch. Glucose mycolate and trehalose dimycolate possessing C50 mycolic acid showed a strong activity for granuloma formation in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Rapid and precise diagnosis of atypical mycobacterial infection by chemotaxonomical and immunological methods.

The species of 205 strains of acid fast bacteria isolated from swine and human mycobacteriosis were identified chemotaxonomically and numericaltaxonomically. The species of the isolates which were identified numericaltaxonomically as Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) complex were further classified by using both thin-layer chromatography of the antigenic glycopeptidolipids (GPL) from the bacteria and seroagglutination test devised by Schaefer. These MAI complex from swine fell into serotype 8 (45 strains), serotype 4 (32 strains), serotype 9 (9 strains) and untypable (9 strains), respectively. In contrast to swine, human isolates covered more wide ranges of serotypes such as serovar 7, 12, 16 besides serovar 4, 8 and 9. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which is based on the type specific glycolipid antigen and infected swine/human sera was applied to distinguish serological variants of the MAI complex. Of the fourteen cases in swine and five in human that had been typed by both the seroagglutination reaction and the thin layer chromatography (TLC) the thirteen in swine and two in human cases showed clear coincidence with the results of ELISA. The results demonstrated that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using infected sera was especially useful, and it was recommended from the sensitivity and rapidity as an adjunct to seroagglutination test and thin layer chromatography for the identification of serotypes of MAI complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Positron emission tomographic evaluations on hemodynamics and glucose metabolism of brain tumors and perifocal edematous tissues].

Blood flow and glucose metabolism of the tumors and perifocal edematous tissues were evaluated using positron emission tomography (PET). Thirty-one brain tumor cases were investigated 12 non glial tumors (9 meningiomas and 3 metastatic tumors) and 19 gliomas (these were classified in 5 astrocytomas, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas and 7 glioblastomas, according to the malignancy). The diagnosis were confirmed pathologically in 30 cases. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were measured by O-15 labeled gases inhalation methods. Cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMFglu) were measured by F-18 Deoxyglucose intravenous injection method and calculated by Hutchins's formula. The rate constant (ks) and lumped constant (LC) used in this study were the same as those published by Phelps et al. in 1979. The blood flow and glucose metabolic rates of tumors were measured by the same methods. The results were as follows: 1) Meningiomas showed very high blood flow and blood volume with a wide range. The OEF and metabolic rate for glucose (MRglu) values were very low. 2) Metastatic tumors showed the low values of blood flow, metabolic rate for oxygen (MRO2) and OEF. 3) The blood flow and MRglu values on gliomas were varied with no significant differences between the three subgroups. On the other hands, as the malignancy of the glioma increased, a statistically significant increase in blood volume and a decrease in OEF were noted. 4) The OEF values from the various types of tumors studied were significantly lower than those obtained from the normal tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The inhibitory effect of elastase on calcium increase in brain and spinal cord of rabbits with atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol-rich diet].

The aim of present experiment was to investigate the decalcified effects of exogenous elastase in liver, kidney and central nervous system (CNS) of rabbits with atherosclerosis experimentally induced by the modified procedure of Kritchevsky et al. Twenty five male rabbits, weighing approximately 2 kg, were divided into 6 groups. Animals were fed for 3 months with standard diet (group A), standard diet containing 1.5% cholesterol (group B) and 1.5% cholesterol-rich diet plus intraperitoneal (ip) daily administration of elastase 450 EL. U/kg (group C). Another groups were kept for 6 months with standard diet (group D), standard diet containing 0.67% cholesterol (group E) and 0.67% cholesterol-rich diet plus same dose of elastase (group F). The rabbits treated with cholesterol-rich diet were confirmed to be induced atherosclerosis biochemically as well as histologically. All groups were maintained under these conditions for experimental periods and allowed tap water. After 3 and 6 months, blood collected by cardiocentesis using ether anesthesia and then sacrificed to remove CNS and internal organs. Blood had stood for 1 hour at room temperature. Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 10 min to determine total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids, HDL-cholesterol, and so on. Calcium contents in the cerebral frontal lobe, cerebellum, pons, spinal cord, liver and kidney were measured by neutron activation analysis method. In this experiment the amelioration of atherosclerosis by ip administration of elastase was ascertained. In rabbits given cholesterol-rich diet, calcium content in CNS tissues was higher than that of another tissues and paralleled to a rise of serum cholesterol level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructural alterations of glomerular anionic sites in IgA nephropathy.

The ultrastructural alterations of glomerular anionic sites were studied in biopsy specimens from 34 patients with IgA nephropathy using polyethyleneimine (PEI). Prominent common findings in the glomeruli of the patients were few PEI particles in electron dense deposits in the mesangial and subepithelial area and marked reduction in glomerular anionic sites covered with deposits. The anionic sites of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and epithelial cell surface coat (ESC) appeared unaltered in the patients with hematuria and/or mild proteinuria. But in patients with proteinuria in the nephrotic range, focally discrete loss of anionic sites in the lamina rara externa (LRE) was seen and the number of anionic sites of the ESC were decreased with retraction of the foot processes. The anionic sites of the lamina rara interna showed much less change in these patients. Subepithelial deposits were often seen concomitantly with focal loss of anionic sites in the LRE at the site of the deposits, but subendothelial deposits had little influence on the anionic sites of the neighboring GBM. The anionic sites of GBM that showed focal thinning with small GBM projections were appreciably decreased in number, but those in split GBM were not decreased. These results suggest that either loss of the negative charge on the glomerular capillary wall associated with subepithelial immune deposition or morphological changes of the GBM contribute to the progression of proteinuria in IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effects of the polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide in an experimental massive hepatic cell necrosis model.

When small amounts (1 microgram) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purified from Salmonella minnesota (SM) wild, SM R60 and SM R345 were intravenously injected into mice 7 days after heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes was intravenously injected, massive hepatic cell necrosis was induced and most of the mice died within 24 hours. However, when LPS from SM R345 treated galactosidase, SM R5 and SM R7 and lipid A from SM R595 were administered, the survival rate was much higher and no histological changes of the liver such as necrosis could be seen in any of the mice. In each of the LPS used in this study, the structure of the polysaccharide chain was different and it was shorter in the following order: SM wild----SM R60----SM R345----SM R345 treated with galactosidase----SM R5----SM R7----SM R595. This suggests that the polysaccharide chain of LPS plays an important role in the induction of massive hepatic cell necrosis in this experimental model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ornithine-containing lipids of some Pseudomonas species.

Ornithine-containing lipids purified by thin-layer chromatography were found to represent 2-15% of the total extractable cellular lipids in two or three strains each of four Pseudomonas species: P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. stutzeri and P. cepacia. The structures of the ornithine-containing lipids were elucidated by chemical analysis, thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (electron impact or secondary ion) and infrared absorption spectroscopy. At least six molecular species of ornithine-containing lipids were present in common in all of the preparations of the four Pseudomonas species. The structure which was the most abundantly in P. fluorescens (about 60% of the total amount of the ornithine-containing lipid) was 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid amide-linked to ornithine and esterified to hexadecanoic acid. In addition to this structure, 3-hydroxyoctadecenoic acid amide-linked to ornithine and esterified to hexadecanoic acid was a dominant structure in the ornithine-containing lipids of P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri or P. cepacia. In P. cepacia, another ornithine-containing lipids with a terminal polar fatty acid, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid amide-linked to ornithine and esterified to 2-hydroxynonadecacyclopropanoic acid or 2-hydroxyoctadecenoic acid, was found; its content, which represented 8-11% of the total extractable cellular lipids, was higher than that of the ornithine-containing lipids with a terminal nonpolar fatty acid. These ornithine-containing lipids exhibited hemagglutinating activity. Additionally, it was very interesting that hydroxy fatty acids included in the ornithine-containing lipids were not found in the phospholipids which represented more than 80% of the total extractable cellular lipids.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

Various kinds of lipoamino acids including a novel serine-containing lipid in an opportunistic pathogen Flavobacterium. Their structures and biological activities on erythrocytes.

Lipoamino acids were found to represent 60% of the total extractable cellular lipids in Flavobacterium meningosepticum and F. indologenes which are known to be opportunistic pathogens. The structures of the lipoamino acids were resolved by chemical and physicochemical methods. Three kinds of lipoamino acids were included in the lipid of Flavobacterium: 3-hydroxyisoheptadecanoic acid amide-linked to serine and esterified to isopentadecanoic acid, and 3-hydroxyisoheptadecanoic acid amide-linked to ornithine and esterified to isopentadecanoic acid or 2-hydroxyisopentadecanoic acid. This type of serine-containing lipid is a novel, rare substance and exhibited high hemagglutinating activity (minimum hemagglutinating concentration was 0.25-0.5 micrograms/ml) with very good, stable dispersion of its liposomes. We called the serine-containing lipid 'flavolipin', based on the genus name of the bacteria. Of the two types of the ornithine-containing lipids, the one that had a nonpolar terminal fatty acid showed higher hemagglutinating activity than the one that had a polar terminal fatty acid. The reconstituted liposomes whose lipid composition was similar to that of the original bacterial cell membrane exhibited definite hemagglutinating activity. As soon as a terminal fatty acid of the lipoamino acids was lost, their biological activity on erythrocytes changed from hemagglutinating to hemolytic, being accompanied by the disappearance of animal species specificity. The mechanism of both the hemagglutination and the hemolysis was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Molecular species of mycolic acid subclasses in eight strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Thin layer chromatographic and gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric identification of mycolic acid subclasses and molecular species from eight strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis were established. Two major adjacent spots and a lower minor one were detected on silica gel thin layer chromatograms of methyl esters. The most abundant subclass showing the highest Rf value on TLC was that of alpha-mycolic acids (M1), the second was that of alpha-mycolic acids (M1), a shorter homologue than alpha-mycolates, and the third was the hydroxy mycolic acids (M4) derived from epoxy mycolic acids. They were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their trimethylsilylether derivatives. alpha'-Mycolic acids were monoenoic acids ranging from C60 to C66 and possessing an alpha-unit of C24:0. Such profiles of alpha'-mycolic acids were common in eight strains. alpha-Mycolates were dienoic acids ranging from C75 to C79 and possessing an alpha-unit of C24:0. In most strains, the major molecular species of alpha-mycolates were odd-carbon-numbered, centering at C77 and C79, possessing a methyl branch in the even-carbon-numbered straight chain. The average carbon number of alpha-mycolates, from seven strains examined, was about 78, but that of the Takeo strain was 76.3. The profiles of epoxy mycolic acid molecular species composition from eight strains ranging from C75 to C81 were very similar to their M1 subclass profiles.

Chromatography, Gas↗