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Biomedical subjects

Ia A Vinnikov

Publications and source records attributed to Ia A Vinnikov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

[Gravitational mechanisms of interactions of sensory systems in invertebrates in the evolutionary aspect].

The paper concerns the origin and the interaction of sensory organs in the context of locomotion. The Earth's gravity, light, sound, electrical, mechanical, etc. impacts were the morphogenetic factors of evolution which pushed the gene to elaborate adequate mechanisms for surmounting gravity, i.e. for exercising directed locomotion. Indeed, even some species of bacteria have mobile levers, flagelli. As a rule, the flagellum itself is the carrier of protein sensory molecules perceiving gravity as a mechanic stress, light, chemical ligands, sound, electricity, etc. On the molecular, subcellular, cellular, and organic levels in unicells and most ancient multicellular organisms an attempt has been made to follow the evolution of locomotion substrate and sensory organs and nerve centers interacting with the substrate and each other and, taken together, recognized as the locomotor-sensory system (LMSS).

Animals↗

[Evolution of the locomotor-sensory systems].

Among directing physical factors of evolution of the locomotor-sensory system (LSS) gravitation, photons energy, oscillations of water and air media, ligands play the main role. At the molecular level the LSS elements are formed on the base of synthesizing genes that bring about development of protein molecules of tubulin and specific protonizing proteins in composition of the locomotor apparatus in Procariota flagellas. Tubulin and dinein with ATPh-ase activity are included in the flagella composition of LSS in Eukaryota, actin and miozin--with a high ATPh-ase activity--in composition of LSS myofilaments in ameboid Eukaryota and locomotor musculature in Metazoa. Simultaneously, in Pro- and Eukaryota in the same cell sensory molecules of rhodopsin, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors and so on can be synthesized. As a rule they localize in the flagellar membranes. In Metazoa single receptory flagellar cells are differentiated; they realize conservatively some receptive molecules that are already prepared by their ancessors--Eukaryota. The molecules also preserve their localization in the flagellar membranes. In Metazoa two types of locomotion take place according to the function of regulatory genes: initial flagellar and muscular definitive apparatus. Both types of locomotion are directed and regulated by the organs of sense and CNS; they form a strict spatial model of fixated synaptic connections of LSS. For the first time it was discovered in Ctenophora. This model, despite a complicated organization, is conservatively preserved in its general form in all Proto- and Denterostomia.

Animals↗

[Factors of parallelism in the sense organs].

Factors of parallel development of the gravity receptor, traced back in phylogenesis of vertebrates and invertebrates, are presented, and associations of the receptor with the nervous system and eye are considered. The parallel development is due to the similar, hereditary fixed behaviour of animals in relation to such a definite physical factor as the gravitational field of the Earth.

Animals↗

[Structural and functional organization of the vestibular apparatus in rats maintained under weightless conditions for 19.5 days aboard the satellite "Cosmos-782"].

Vestibular apparatus was investigated in rats subjected to weightlessness for 19.5 days in the satelite "Cosmos-782" and experienced acceleration on launching and landing. Some structural and functional changes were noted. They were seen in otolith clinging to the utricular receptor surface and in the peripheral arrangement of the nucleolus in the nuclei of the receptor cells. It is also possible that increased edema of the vestibular tissue resulted in destruction of some receptor cells, and within the otolith--changes in the form and structure of otoconia. In the horizontal crista the cupula was separated.

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