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Biomedical subjects

Ian Crawford

Publications and source records attributed to Ian Crawford.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A Delphi-based consensus study into planning for biological incidents.

OBJECTIVE: Biological incidents present a significant threat to health services in the UK. The objective of this study was to achieve consensus in all phases of biological incident planning and response. METHODS: A three-round Delphi study was conducted using a panel of 23 experts from specialities involved in the management of biological incidents. The consensus and non-consensus outcomes from the Delphi study were subsequently presented for discussion in four syndicate groups at a one-day consensus conference funded by the Health Protection Agency. RESULTS: The results of each syndicate group discussion were presented at a subsequent plenary session at the end of the conference. Further iteration of both the consensus and the non-consensus outcomes of the Delphi study resulted in the endorsement, modification, integration or rejection of individual statements. 125 consensus statements were produced. CONCLUSIONS: The 125 synopsis consensus statements that all phases of biological incident planning and response. These can be used to inform policy decisions and translated into practical guidance for emergency planners and first responders at local, regional and national levels.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2006

Emergency departments (EDs) in the United Kingdom (UK) are not prepared for emerging biological threats and bioterrorism.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the preparedness of emergency departments (EDs) in the United Kingdom (UK) for the management of potential biological incidents. METHODS: We telephoned all hospitals in the UK listed as having a major ED. We surveyed their ED facilities and procedures for managing patients with infectious diseases. We determined how many of the EDs had an isolation room available and, if present, whether this had an independent ventilation system and separate access from outside the ED. In addition, we determined how many of the EDs would isolate patients with suspected cases of chickenpox, tuberculosis (TB), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and other suspicious infections. RESULTS: We obtained complete data from 203 (79%) of the 257 hospitals approached. Only 49 (24%) of these hospitals had isolation facilities available in the ED. Of these 49 EDs, 30 (61%) reported an independent ventilation system and 18 (37%) reported a separate access from outside the ED. The majority of EDs would isolate patients with potential infectious diseases, however, 47 (23%) would not isolate patients with suspected chickenpox, 37 (18%) EDS would not isolate patients with suspected TB, 12 (6%) EDS would not isolate patients with suspected SARS and 55 (27%) EDS would not isolate patients with other suspicious infections. CONCLUSION: EDs in the UK are not prepared for emerging biological threats and bioterrorism. With current facilities and procedures it is highly likely that an infectious agent will spread to staff and other patients in any future biological incident.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2005

Best evidence topic report. Torn frenulum and non-accidental injury in children.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether a torn frenulum in a child is indicative of non-accidental injury. Altogether 104 papers were found using the reported search, of which none presented any evidence to answer the clinical question. It is concluded that there is no evidence available to answer this question. Further research is needed.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2005

Best evidence topic report. Glucagon infusion in refractory anaphylactic shock in patients on beta-blockers.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether a glucagon infusion is of benefit in patients with refractory anaphylaxis. 62 papers were found using the reported search, of which two presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2004

Best evidence topic report. Antibiotic prophylaxis for pretibial haematomas in the elderly population.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether prophylactic antibiotics reduce infections and other complications in elderly patients with pretibial haematomas. Altogether 65 papers were found using the reported search, of which none presented any evidence to answer the clinical question. It is concluded that there is no evidence available to answer this question. Further research is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Best evidence topic report. Gastric lavage in aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug overdose.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether gastric lavage was better than activated charcoal alone at reducing toxicity after aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) overdose. Altogether 72 papers were found using the reported search, of which one presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. A further relevant paper was found on scanning the references of papers identified. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2004

Decreasing assault occurrence on a psychogeriatric ward: an agitation management model.

An agitation management model providing staff education, quantitative assessment of agitation, and emphasized psychosocial interventions was introduced on a geriatric psychiatry ward for male patients. A within-subjects comparison was made of Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) scores and frequency of committing assault under pre- and post-intervention conditions. Among participants (N = 8) who finished the 72-week study, CMAI scores did not differ significantly under either of the study conditions (p > .05, two-tailed t test). Twenty-nine assaults occurred during the pre-intervention time period and six assaults occurred during the post-intervention time period. According to analysis with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the distribution of assaults differed significantly between the two time periods (p < .05, two-tailed). Among individuals who were excluded from the intervention because of lack of consent, assaults increased over the same two time periods. Psychosocial interventions intended to reduce agitation among elderly men with dementia may not necessarily serve to decrease agitation, but may serve to decrease assault occurrence.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Best evidence topic report. Amiodarone or flecainide for cardioversion in acute onset atrial fibrillation.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether amiodarone is better than flecainide at restoring sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation. Altogether 42 papers were found using the reported search, of which four presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed2003

Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Antacids and diagnosis in patients with atypical chest pain.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether antacids can be used as a diagnostic test in atypical chest pain. Altogether 374 papers were found using the reported search, of which two presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed2002

Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Propofol for resistant status epilepticus.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether propofol is effective at stopping fitting in resistant status epilepticus. Altogether 24 papers were found using the reported search, of which six presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. How to remove a tick.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether there was any evidence to decide between the various described methods of tick removal. Altogether 40 papers were found using the reported search, of which two presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Plaster or functional splint in gamekeepers thumb.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether a plaster of Paris or functional splint was better for treatment of ulnar collateral ligament rupture. Altogether 50 papers were found using the reported search, of which one presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of this paper are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Topical antibiotics in acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether there is any evidence to show if topical antibiotic therapy reduces time to remission in acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Altogether 1231 papers were found using the reported search, of which one presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of this paper are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Bell's palsy and acyclovir.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether acyclovir improves functional recovery in Bell's palsy. Altogether 49 papers were found using the reported search, of which two presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Acyclovir↗