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Biomedical subjects

Ian Norman

Publications and source records attributed to Ian Norman.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Accomplishing care at home for people with dementia: using observational methodology.

The authors consider the problems and possibilities presented by using unstructured observation in the home setting. The findings of the original study are described elsewhere (Briggs, Askham, Norman, & Redfern 1998; National Health Service [NHS] Executive 1998). In this article, the authors discuss process issues (e.g., gaining and maintaining access to the research setting, disengaging, what can and cannot be observed, and the validity of the data and analysis), drawing on a study of the nature of care as a form of social organization in the homes of people with dementia. They show that observation is not only possible but, when combined with conversational interviewing, essential for understanding the processes of caring and what it means to live with dementia.

Caregivers↗
PubMed2002

Work satisfaction, stress, quality of care and morale of older people in a nursing home.

The aim in the present study, which was carried out in one nursing home for older people, was to determine the feasibility of working with care workers and very frail service users to investigate links between the levels of work satisfaction and stress of the staff, and the quality of care and morale of the residents. Most of the 44 care staff (70%) and 22 cognitively intact residents (82%) participated willingly in completing rating scales through self-completion questionnaire or by interview. Well-validated scales were used to measure job satisfaction, work stress, organisational commitment, perceived quality of care, and morale and mental health. The findings revealed a staff group with a fairly high level of job dissatisfaction and stress, who were, nevertheless, very committed to the nursing home. The morale of the residents was good although the residents rated the home atmosphere lower than the staff did. Significant correlations emerged, in the expected direction, between satisfaction, commitment, stress and quality of care perceived by staff. The correlations between home atmosphere perceived by residents, and their morale and mental health were low; further investigation is needed with a larger sample. This feasibility study supports the need for further research using a case-study approach in a small number of homes because of the labour-intensive nature of the data collection and the importance of triangulating data from many sources.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Assessing practice of student nurses: methods, preparation of assessors and student views.

AIMS: To describe the methods of measuring progress in achieving competence of preregistration nursing and midwifery students used by institutions of higher and further education in Scotland and to describe the philosophy and approaches to competence assessment in each institution. BACKGROUND: Institutions of higher and further education in Scotland operate a variety of schemes to assess the clinical practice of student nurses. These are based on different philosophies and practices and this raises the question of which are valid and reliable. METHODS: All institutions in Scotland providing validated Diploma of Higher Education programmes for preregistration nursing and midwifery participated in this study. Data were collected by postal questionnaire, review of programme documentation and supplemented with interviews with key stakeholders. The directors of the 13 programmes (seven nursing and six midwifery programmes) were surveyed and also 12 group interviews with students (six nursing and six midwifery student groups) from seven institutions. Students from all four branches were represented and 72 students (36 nurses and 36 midwives) were interviewed. RESULTS: Four key findings were identified and related to competence assessment methods, preparation of practice assessors, consequences of failure to meet expected level of outcome and students' views. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a change in theoretical frameworks of assessment instruments used since the 1992 programmes commenced and only a limited number of approaches to clinical assessment are used in Scotland. Students' views suggested that they had little confidence in methods of clinical competence assessment and there was no formal validity and reliability testing within institutions. A lack of consistency in the training of student assessors in the clinical areas was identified. Some of these issues may be resolved with the development of a national instrument for competence assessment.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The validity and reliability of a Chinese version of the family burden interview schedule.

BACKGROUND: The caregiver burden within the family is one of the most commonly used outcome variables in research studies of patient care provision. However, few measures of family caregiver burden have been validated for use with Asian populations. OBJECTIVE: To examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Family Burden Interview Schedule. METHOD: The first phase of the investigation involved translation and back translation of the measure for burden and a review by an expert panel. In this phase, equivalence between the Chinese and English versions, content validity, and test-retest reliability of the Family Burden Interview Schedule were assessed using a sample including 30 family caregivers of mental patients. The second phase established the internal consistency and construct validity of the scale using a sample comprising 185 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Sensitivity of the scale for families of schizophrenic patients was examined through comparison with 40 caregivers of patients who had major affective disorder. RESULTS: The Chinese version of the Family Burden Interview Schedule adequately addressed the original concepts and dimensions, achieving 96% on the Content Validity Index. These results demonstrated high levels of equivalence with the original English version (intra-class correlation [ICC] of .87 for the overall scale and.80-.89 for the six domains). It also demonstrated a high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha of .87 for the scale and .78-.88 for the domains) and adequate test - retest response stability (r = .83 for the scale and r = .88-.92 for the domains). The mean scores for the overall scale and domains of the Family Burden Interview Schedule differed significantly between the family providers of care for the two illness groups and between the groups with high and low time involvement in caregiving. The principal components analysis showed the presence of five factors that together explained 65.85% of the variance. It also demonstrated high factor loadings as well as item-to-scale and between-subscales intercorrelations, indicating good construct validity of the burden measure. DISCUSSION: The findings for the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Burden Interview Schedule established its potential as a research instrument for measuring caregiver burden among Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Asian People↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality assurance and UK nurse education.

AIM: To evaluate the quality assurance model for nursing education in the United Kingdom (UK) for the first nine months after the inception in 2002 of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC). METHOD: A specially designed questionnaire was administered to representatives of higher education institutions where nurse education took place and representatives of the NMC in all four countries of the UK. RESULTS: Quality assurance activity had taken place across the UK, mostly in the shape of validation events. Quality assurance events proceeded largely as expected by higher education and NMC representatives. There was a statistically significant trend towards greater preparedness and knowledge for validation and satisfaction with the new quality assurance procedures in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland compared with England. CONCLUSION: At the time of this study the new quality assurance procedures were less than 12 months old and there may have been resistance to change in England where the changes were greatest.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗