Biomedical subjects

Ilhami Celik

Publications and source records attributed to Ilhami Celik.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

The prevalence of bacteraemia-related retinal lesions in seriously ill patients.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the frequency and aetiology of retinal lesions in bacteraemic and septic patients and the risk factors involved. METHODS: A total of 150 adult patients in our hospital were included in the study. After consultation with the infectious diseases specialist, the following details were recorded: demographic data, area of admission, underlying diseases, Winston's clinical condition, Charlson's co-morbidity index, McCabe's criteria for underlying disease, APACHE II scoring, community or nosocomial acquisition of bacteraemia, and micro-organism responsible. Blood cultures were obtained from all the patients at least three times. All patients were examined for ocular lesions by the same ophthalmologist 48-72 h after the first examination. Some long-term hospitalized patients were evaluated more than once. RESULTS: Patients were divided into six groups: 18 (12%) were bacteraemic non-septic; 31 (20.7%) were septic bacteraemic; 43 (28.7%) were septic non-bacteraemic; 19 (12.7%) had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS); 16 (10.7%) were non-septic non-bacteraemic but infectious; and 23 (15.3%) were controls. We found bacteraemia-related retinal lesions (BRRLs) in 22/150 (14.7%) of the patients, 19 of whom (86.4%) were in the septic-bacteraemic group while 3 (13.6%) were in the septic non-bacteraemic group. BRRLs were observed in 19/31 (61.3%) patients in the septic-bacteraemic group. Winston and APACHE II scores were found to be higher in patients with BRRLs than in others. BRRLs were more prevalent in septic or bacteraemic patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases (31.8%) or cancer (27.3%) than in patients with other diseases. The organism most frequently responsible for bacteraemia in patients with BRRLs was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.3%), and the second most common was Staphylococcus aureus (22.7%). CONCLUSION: BRRLs are most frequent in bacteraemic-septic patients (61.3%). The underlying diseases predisposing most to BRRLs are diseases of the CNS and cancers. Ocular examination appears to be a useful aid to diagnosis of bacteraemia or sepsis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Lymphocyte subpopulations in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is based on cell-mediated immunity, most importantly involving CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets. The aim of this study was to evaluate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell profiles and CD19(+) and CD3(+)CD(16 + 56)(+) populations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, B-lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells were evaluated in 75 active (APTB) and 25 inactive (IPTB) pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 20 healthy subjects (HCs). The results were compared at different stages of antituberculosis treatment in the APTB patients and also according to X-ray findings in the newly diagnosed APTB patients. The percentages of CD4(+) T cells were significantly lower (P < .01) and those of CD3(+)CD(16+56)(+) cells were significantly higher (P < .01) in APTB patients than in HCs. CD8(+) T cells were significantly decreased (P < .05), and CD3(-)CD(16+56)(+) cells were significantly increased (P < .01), in IPTB patients compared to HCs. The percentages of CD4(+), CD8(+), CD3(-)CD19(+), and CD3(-)CD(16+56)(+) cells showed no differences at different times of the antituberculosis regimen, and different stages of newly diagnosed APTB patients. APTB patients have a reduced percentage of circulating CD4(+) T cells and an increased percentage of NK cells compared with healthy individuals. These cells could play important roles in the immune response to M tuberculosis infection.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Serum arylesterase and paraoxonase activity in patients with chronic hepatitis.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum paraoxonase (PON1), AST, ALT, GGT, and arylesterase (AE) activity alterations and the degree of liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis. METHODS: We studied 34 chronic hepatitis patients and 32 control subjects, aged between 35 and 65 years, in the Department of Infection and Clinical Microbiology at the Firat University School of Medicine. Blood samples were collected from subjects between 8:00 and 10:00 a.m. following a 12-h fast. Baseline and salt-stimulated PON1 activities were measured by the hydrolysis of paraoxon. Phenyl acetate was used as the substrate and formed phenol was measured spectrophotometrically at 270 nm after the addition of a 10-fold diluted serum sample in AE activity measurements. RESULTS: The results of this investigation revealed that the levels of AE activity decreased from 132+/-52 to 94+/-36 (29%), baseline PON1 activity from 452+/-112 to 164+/-67 (64%), salt-stimulated PON1 activity from 746+/-394 to 294+/-220 (61%), HDL from 58.4+/-5.1 to 47.2+/-5.6 (20%), triglyceride from 133+/-51.2 to 86+/-34.0 (35%), while a slight increase in the level of LDL (from 163+/-54.1 to 177.3+/-56.0; 9%) and significant increases in the levels of AST (from 29+/-9.3 to 98+/-44), ALP (from 57.2+/-13.1 to 91+/-38.1), ALT (from 27.9+/-3.32 to 89+/-19.1), GGT (from 24.3+/-2.10 to 94+/-48.2), total bilirubin (from 0.74+/-0.02 to 1.36+/-0.06; 84%) and direct bilirubin (from 0.18+/-0.01 to 0.42+/-0.04; 133%) were detected. However, the levels of albumin, total protein, cholesterol, and uric acid were almost the same in chronic hepatitis and the control subjects. CONCLUSION: Low PON1 and AE activity may contribute to the increased liver dysfunction in chronic hepatitis patients by reducing the ability of HDL to retard LDL oxidation and might be clinically useful for monitoring the disease of chronic hepatitis.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Use of the fertilized hen's egg in the evaluation of embryotoxicity of dental alloys.

In this study, embryotoxic effects of five commercially available dental alloys were investigated by using fertilized hens' eggs. One sample of each alloy was conditioned in one of the conditioning media, physiological saline (PS), 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), and 0.1 M protein (3% bovine serum albumin, BSA) containing PBS (pH 6.8), respectively. The test solutions were injected into the fertilized hen's eggs via air sac at the beginning of the incubation. Various concentrations of a highly embryotoxic substance, AFB1, was also used as positive control test material. Mortality of the AFB1 treatment groups increased with increasing concentrations of AFB1 and the mortality values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the controls and eluent injected groups. The eluents of five commercially available dental alloys tested in the study did not have significant embryotoxic effects. Cu- and Pd-containing alloys displayed relatively high but statistically insignificant embryotoxic effects. Chick embryo might be used in determination of the embryotoxic effects of the dental alloys with its several advantages. Nevertheless, the test should be further standardized and new methods such as micronucleus test showing possible genotoxic effects of the materials should be used.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

In vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of Brucella melitensis to fucidic acid.

Brucella species are facultative intracellular bacteria, and therefore a limited number of antibiotics are effective against these organisms. The side effects of drug combination schemes, and the incidences of relapses and therapeutic failures, have led to investigations of new drugs to treat brucellosis. The purpose of this study was to test the in vitro susceptibility of 50 Brucella melitensis isolates to fucidic acid, which has not previously been used for the treatment of brucellosis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fucidic acid to 50 B. melitensis isolates that were obtained from blood and bone marrow cultures of patients with brucellosis were studied by the broth microdilution method. The MIC50 and MIC90 values for the 50 B. melitensis strains' susceptibility to fucidic acid were determined to be 0.5 and 2 microg/ml, respectively, and the MIC range was 0.125-2.0 microg/ml. Further experiments are needed to reassess the activity of fucidic acid against intracellular Brucella spp.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Protective effects of different antioxidants and amrinone on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity.

We have studied the effects of three antioxidants and amrinone, an inotropic agent, against vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by investigating renal function and morphology. Thirty adult female Sprague Dawley rats (168-234 g) were divided into six groups. A saline-treated group served as control. The other five groups were treated for 7 days with vancomycin alone or in combination with alpha-lipoic acid, Ginkgo biloba extract 761, melatonin or amrinone. On day 8, all the rats were sacrificed by decapitation, kidney tissues were excised immediately and blood and kidney samples were collected. Blood urea and creatinine, kidney tissue malondialdehyde levels, and kidney superoxide dismutase and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activities were measured. The kidneys were also examined for histological changes. Vancomycin administration led to increased urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels and decreased superoxide dismutase and GSH peroxidase activities. Co-administration of alpha-lipoic acid, Ginkgo biloba extract, melatonin or amrinone with vancomycin prevented the increases in the urea, creatinine and melondialdehyde levels and also resulted in higher superoxide dismutase and GSH peroxidase activities. The antioxidants and AMR improved the renal pathology compared to rats treated with vancomycin alone (P<0.05). These results indicate that the three antioxidants and amrinone have potential protective effects against vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity, which might in part be due to inhibition of free oxygen radical production. Amrinone was the most effective drug as judged on the basis of the pathological findings.

Amrinone↗

PubMed2005

Ibuprofen reduces plasma nitrite/nitrate levels in a rabbit model of endotoxin-induced shock.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ibuprofen on plasma nitrite/nitrate levels, as indirect indicators of nitric oxide, in correlation with blood pressure in a rabbit model of endotoxin-induced shock. METHODS: A total of 28 rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Control group received physiological saline, while endotoxin (ETX, E. Coli, 055:B5, 2 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered to the rabbits in the other groups: group II receiving only ETX, in addition to ETX group III received ibuprofen (30 mg/kg) 30 minutes after ETX administration, whilst the group IV received ibuprofen (30 mg/kg) 30 minutes before ETX. Arterial blood pressure and plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate were determined immediately before (time 0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300 minutes after ETX administration. RESULTS: ETX administered groups had significantly higher plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate than the control group, at all consecutive measurements except at time O. Treatment with ibuprofen, either before or after ETX, partly restored the elevated levels of nitrite/nitrate. ETX also caused a significant decrease in blood pressure which was prevented in ibuprofen treated groups. CONCLUSION: Results from this study indicate that administration of ibuprofen prevents sudden reductions in blood pressure by inhibiting excessive production of nitric oxide in rabbit model of endotoxin-induced shock and this may be of importance for providing crucial time for therapeutic intervention and survival in septic shock.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Serum neopterin levels in patients with brucellosis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of neopterin levels in brucellosis and its alterations with treatment. METHODS: Thirty patients who had positive clinical findings, Brucella standard tube agglutination tests and/or positive blood culture were included in the study. The control group was composed of 30 healthy subjects. Neopterin (NPT) levels were measured by ELISA according to the protocol of manufacturer. RESULTS: Mean NPT levels were 54.15+/-33.7 nmol/l in study groups and 8.75+/-2.48 nmol/l in controls (P<0.001). It was determined that NPT levels measured at the time of admission of the patients had a linear correlation between the duration of complaint (r=0.560, P=0.001). While the mean NPT levels in patients with complaints of over 30 days were 79.07+/-34.9 nmol/l and it was 39.71+/-23.4 nmol/l in the patients with complaints of less than or equal to 30 days (P=0.002). NPT values measured after treatment (20.48+/-25.6) was determined lower by statistical means than the values measured before treatment (54.15+/-33.7, P=0.0001). The NPT levels of patients with positive blood culture (75.56+/-33.6) were higher than those of with negative blood cultures (32.72+/-15.2, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the NPT levels were higher in patients with brucellosis. In addition, it was found that the levels of NPT were higher in non-responding patients than responded to the brucellosis treatment. It was thought that monitoring NPT levels could be useful for the extent and activity of the disease.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed2003

Effects of zinc deficiency and supplementation on the glycogen contents of liver and plasma lactate and leptin levels of rats performing acute exercise.

The aim of the present study was to investigate how zinc (Zn) deficiency and supplementation affect glycogen content of the liver and plasma lactate and leptin levels of rats performing acute swimming exercise just before the blood samples were obtained. Four sets of 10 rats each served as the (1) Zn-deficient group, (2) Zn-supplemented group, (3) swimming controls, and (4) normal controls. Plasma lactate levels of Zn-deficient animals were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (p<0.01), and those in the swimming controls (group 3) were significantly higher than in the Zn-supplemented animals, group 2 (p<0.01). The plasma glucose of the Zn-deficient group was significantly higher than all other groups (p<0.01) and that of group 2 was significantly lower than group 4 (p<0.01). Glycogen levels in liver of the Zn-deficient animals was significantly lower than groups 2 and 4 (p<0.01), and, in turn, were higher than for group 3 (p<0.01). The plasma leptin and Zn levels of group 1 were significantly lower than in all other groups (p<0.01). These results suggest that Zn deficiency exerts a negative influence in the above-mentioned parameters and that Zn supplementation has the opposite effect.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[The levels of oxidant and antioxidant in patients with COPD].

It is determinate that oxidant-antioxidant imbalance is responsible for pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking is playing a part in the pathogenesis. It was aimed to investigate the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in smokers and pathogenesis of COPD and their relations with lung functions. This study was done prospectively in Firat University Medical Faculty, Department of Chest Diseases. The levels of plasma malonyldialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte reducted glutathione (GSH) and erythrocyte catalase were studied in 20 patients with COPD, in 20 smokers and in 20 nonsmokers. All of the cases were male. Pulmonary function tests were done to all cases and the predicted values of FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC were measured. The levels of plasma MDA: 1.44 +/- 0.23 nmol/mL, 1.51 +/- 0.27 nmol/mL and 1.29 +/- 0.13 nmol/mL, the levels of erythrocyte GSH: 0.33 +/- 0.13 micromol/g.Hb, 0.34 +/- 0.17 micromol/g.Hb and 0.44 +/- 0.14 micromol/g.Hb and the levels of catalase were 22.82 +/- 17.47 k/g.Hb, 32.88 +/- 22.36 k/g.Hb and 55.73 +/- 26.56 k/g.Hb in patients with COPD, smokers and healthy nonsmokers respectively. There was no significance in each three parameters between smokers and patients with COPD. A significant difference was observed in each three parameters between nonsmokers and patients with COPD (MDA: p= 0.001, GSH: p= 0.028 and catalase: p< 0.001) and between smokers and nonsmokers (MDA: p= 0.035, GSH: p= 0.016 and catalase: p= 0.005). In all three groups, no significant correlation was found between FEV1 (predicted %), FEV1/FVC (predicted %) and the values of erythrocyte catalase, GSH and plasma MDA. In this study, there was an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance systemically in smokers and in patients with COPD. However, decreasing in the antioxidant capacity and/or increasing in the oxidant capacity either not correlate with spirometric measurements of airway obstruction in smokers or in patients with COPD were observed. We concluded that the use of cigarette increased oxidative stress by causing plasma lipid peroxidation and imbalance in erythrocyte antioxidant capacity.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and outcome of rabbit endotoxic shock.

BACKGROUND: Despite major developments in the management of septic shock, the mortality rate had progressively increased. Ibuprofen has been shown to have beneficial physiological effects when used as a treatment. However, there are conflicting results with respect to survival. This study aims to investigate the effect of ibuprofen on vital functions, various physiological parameters and survival during endotoxic shock in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty-eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly separated into four groups. The first group received only saline, the second was given 2 mg/kg intravenous endotoxin at t0, the third received 30 mg/kg ibuprofen 30 minutes after endotoxin administration, whilst the fourth group received ibuprofen 30 minutes before the endotoxin. Respiratory and heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and rectal temperature were recorded. Complete blood counts were performed and thromboxane B2 was measured every 30 minutes for the first two hours, and then hourly over the course of the experiment. Urine samples were collected at the same time points for the measurement of prostaglandin E2. RESULTS: Ibuprofen was found to improve respiratory rate, heart rate, and arterial pressure. However, it did not improve the negative effects of endotoxin on body temperature, haematocrit values, white blood cell count, and thrombocyte number. Thromboxane B2 levels in group IV were significantly lower than in the other groups, and the increase started at a later timepoint. In ibuprofen-treated animals, Prostaglandin E2 levels stayed low for at least 90 minutes, but started to rise thereafter. While the average survival in Group II animals was 192.9 +/- 46.9 minutes, those of groups III and IV were 339.1 +/- 33.5 minutes (p < 0.05) and 383.0 +/- 39.6 minutes (p = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Ibuprofen appears to increase survival in endotoxic shock-induced animals. Therefore, it may be helpful for the prophylaxis and treatment of patients with, or who are likely to develop, septic shock.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Effects of ibuprofen on plasma endothelin levels and some vital parameters during endotoxin shock in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that septic shock results from breakdown in the balance between vasodilators such as prostacyclin, prostaglandin E(2), and nitric oxide, and the vasoconstrictors thromboxane A(2), serotonin, and endothelin. Increased plasma endothelin (ET) concentrations during septic shock were found. Inducing phospholipase A(2), ET causes release of arachidonic acid and production of prostaglandins. Ibuprofen is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. There are no any information about the effects of ibuprofen on ET production in endotoxemia. In the present study we aimed to determine the effects of ibuprofen on plasma ET concentrations in an animal model of endotoxin shock. METHODS: A total of 28 rabbits were randomly allocated into four groups. The first group only received saline and served as controls. The rest of the animals (groups 2, 3, and 4) were injected intravenously with endotoxin at a dose of 2 mg/kg. To the third group, ibuprofen at 30 mg/kg dosage was given, 30 min following endotoxin administration, whereas in the fourth group animals, ibuprofen was administered 30 min before endotoxin administration. Animals were monitored through the canulation of femoral arteries and venules under the complete anaesthesia. At 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and ET determinations were carried out. RESULTS: Ibuprofen before the endotoxin administration was more effective in controlling the increase in heart rate. Ibuprofen was also effective in inhibiting the sudden reductions in blood pressure if administered before endotoxin. However, if administered after endotoxin injection, ibuprofen precipitated the reduction in blood pressure further. Ibuprofen reduced the ET production which was induced by the endotoxin administration. CONCLUSIONS: Ibuprofen administration during endotoxin shock seems to decrease the elevated ET concentrations, and increase the blood pressure.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Trace elements in viral hepatitis.

In this study, serum trace elements, including selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SpectrAA 250 Plus Zeeman, Varian, Australia) in sera of patients with viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E) cases (n = 102), and statistically compared with the controls (n = 52). In viral hepatitis, Cu levels were found as 3.23 +/- 1.02 mg/L, and this value was significantly higher than the control group (1.13 +/- 0.21) (p < 0.01). Both, Se and Zn levels found to be significantly low in viral hepatitis cases (p < 0.01). While Se level was 81.4 +/- 26.01 microg/L in viral hepatitis (n = 101), it was found to be 166.15 +/- 4.58 microg/L in healthy individuals. Meanwhile, Zn levels were 0.230 +/- 0.081 mg/L and 0.748 +/- 0.392 mg/L in hepatitis cases (n = 101) and the control group, respectively. There was no difference amongst viral hepatitis groups classified in regard with agents and clinical manifestation, such as A, acute hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis B, C, D and E. Previously, it was indicated that absorption disorders in gastrointestinal system, especially in chronic cases, were not main causes of decrease of trace elements by iron and several other parameters in sera of the cases. Therefore, we suggest that decrease in Zn and Se levels and elevation in Cu levels are probably resulted from defence strategies of organism and induced by the hormone-like substances.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2002

Effects of zinc supplementation to ration on some hematological parameters in broiler chicks.

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of zinc supplementation on some hematological parameters. Sixty newborn male broiler chicks were utilized in the study. Zinc (Zn) was added into drinking water at levels of 0, 125, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. In the study, there was no significant difference between control and Zn-supplemented groups in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin amount, hematocrit levels, total leukocyte count, and differential leukocyte % levels, but the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase ANAE(+) lymphocyte rate significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the 125-ppm Zn-supplemented group compared with the control group. In conclusion, the data obtained may be beneficial in demonstrating the effects of zinc on, at least, these parameters.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2002

Histologic characteristics and local cellular immunity of the gland of the third eyelid after topical ophthalmic administration of 2% cyclosporine for treatment of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of topical administration of a 2% solution of cyclosporine (CsA) for treatment of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and to correlate results with histopathologic characteristics and local cellular immunity of the gland of the third eyelid. ANIMALS: 24 dogs with bilateral KCS. PROCEDURE: Lacrimal secretion was measured, using Schirmer tear test (STT) strips. Leukocyte and T-lymphocyte subsets were determined in blood samples. Histopathologic changes as well as CD4+, CD8+, and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase-positive (ANAE+) lymphocytes were evaluated. RESULTS: Clinical signs resolved at the end of 1 month in conjunction with significantly increased STT values, compared with baseline values. Fifteen and 30 days after discontinuation of CsA treatment, a decrease was observed in STT values in both eyes; however, only values for the right eye were significantly different. There was a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes and ANAE+ lymphocytes 15 and 30 days after discontinuation of CsA treatment, compared with baseline values. Differences were not observed in number of CD4+ lymphocytes among treatment groups. However, there was a significant decrease in number of CD8+ lymphocytes with reversal of the CD4+:CD8+ in both eyes after CsA treatment for 30 days, compared with the control group. Increased secretory activity and decreased lymphocyte infiltration were characteristic histopathologic findings. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Topical administration of a 2% solution of CsA was effective for the treatment of dogs with KCS. Strict follow-up monitoring is required after the cessation of treatment because of the possibility of recurrence of KCS.

Administration, Topical↗