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Biomedical subjects

Irfan Robbani

Publications and source records attributed to Irfan Robbani.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Biliary ascariasis: a review.

Ascariasis, a helminthic infection of humans, is the most common parasitic infestation of the gastrointestinal tract. It infects about 25% of the world's population; around 20 thousand deaths occur per year from an adverse clinical course of the disease. This review is focused on biliary ascariasis, examining in some detail the pathogenesis of the disease with special reference to postcholecystectomy ascariasis and related issues. Although an endemic disease of tropical and subtropical countries, increasing population migration facilitated by fast improving communication facilities demands that clinicians everywhere be familiar with the clinical profile and management of biliary ascariasis.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed2005

Anteriorly placed splenic vein: the first reported case.

Surgical treatment of portal hypertension is undertaken to reduce the portal pressure to a level that allows recession of the collateral circulation. For this purpose, surgeons usually carry out anastomosis of the splenic vein with the left renal vein. The splenic vein is a large, nontortuous vessel that runs along the posterior surface of the pancreas but very rarely crosses in front of the gland. It is therefore important that a thorough preoperative study of the anatomical details of the spleno-portal venous axis be made by imaging before attempting surgery. We are presenting herewith the surgical management of a unique case of anteriorly placed splenic vein, which has not yet been described. The embryological basis of such an anomaly is discussed in this article.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A simplified technique of performing splenorenal shunt (Omar's technique).

The splenorenal shunt procedure introduced by Robert Linton in 1947 is still used today in those regions of the world where portal hypertension is a common problem. However, because most surgeons find Linton's shunt procedure technically difficult, we felt that a simpler technique was needed. We present the surgical details and results of 20 splenorenal anastomosis procedures performed within a period of 30 months. Half of the patients (Group I) underwent Linton's conventional technique of splenorenal shunt; the other half (Group II) underwent a newly devised, simplified shunt technique. This new technique involves dissection of the fusion fascia of Toldt. The outcome of the 2 techniques was identical with respect to the reduction of preshunt portal pressure. However, our simplified technique was advantageous in that it significantly reduced the duration of surgery (P <0.001) and the amount of intraoperative blood loss (P <0.003). No patient died after either operation. Although Linton's splenorenal shunt is difficult and technically demanding, it is still routinely performed. The new technique described here, in addition to being simpler, helps achieve good vascular control, permits easier dissection of the splenic vein, enables an ideal anastomosis, decreases intraoperative blood loss, and reduces the duration of surgery. Therefore, we recommend the routine use of this simplified technique (Omar's technique) for the surgical treatment of portal hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Biliary ascariasis as a cause of post-cholecystectomy syndrome in an endemic area.

BACKGROUND: Post-cholecystectomy syndrome encompasses numerous biliary, pancreatic and other entities. Biliary ascariasis is a common cause of adult biliary disease in an endemic area. Post-cholecystectomy biliary ascariasis, a cause of post- cholecystectomy syndrome although not yet defined is frequently seen in this part of the world. METHOD: Between Jan. 1990 and Jan. 2001, 104 cases of post-cholecystectomy biliary ascariasis were seen. Ultrasonography was found to be an excellent tool for diagnosing and monitoring of the worms inside the biliary tract. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography had both diagnostic and therapeutic value. RESULTS: The majority (68.2%) of patients responded to conservative treatment. Surgical treatment was advocated in 18.2%, which included 2 patients with liver abscesses. Endoscopic extraction of worms was successful in 48.2%. CONCLUSION: Post-cholecystectomy biliary ascariasis as a cause of post-cholecystectomy syndrome needs to be included in the list of causes for post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Although the majority of patients respond to conservative treatment but endoscopic extraction or surgical intervention may be needed. Routine deworming of patients undergoing cholecystectomy both preoperatively and postoperatively should be done in all patients in endemic areas of ascariasis. Although this entity is rare in Europe and United States, due to population migration and increased travel, it is necessary for surgeons in these countries to be aware of this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Diagnosis of intraventricular cysticercosis by magnetic resonance imaging: improved detection with three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled echo sequences.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is caused when the cysticercus larvae of Taenia solium infect the central nervous system. The larvae usually land in the parenchymal tissue, but quite rarely can lodge in the ventricles and cisterns of the brain. Unlike parenchymal NCC, it is not easy to demonstrate the cysticercus cysts within the cerebrospinal fluid spaces. Computed tomography and even conventional MR sequences can fail to detect such cysts. However, obtaining three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled echo imaging sequences can help in improving the detection of intraventricular NCC, as is borne out by a case described in the present report. The use of such special MR sequences is therefore strongly advocated in suspected cases of intraventricular NCC.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma by imaging and guided biopsy.

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign, endocrinologically inactive, and asymptomatic tumour which is usually found incidentally at imaging or autopsy. Symptomatic tumours are very rare. We describe a case of adrenal myelolipoma where the diagnosis was made on the basis of radiological features and image-guided fine needle biopsy, without resorting to an operation.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gelastic seizures in a young boy: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To present an interesting case of gelastic seizures in a child who had an underlying brain lesion. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 10-year-old boy presented with recurrent episodes of uncontrollable laughter since the age of 6 years. Computed tomography showed a well-defined mass in the region of suprasellar and interpeduncular cisterns. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion, most likely a hamartoma, arising from the region of tuber cinerium. The lesion was subsequently resected and a marked improvement in the frequency and intensity of seizures was noted. CONCLUSION: This report shows that neuroimaging should be performed on patients with gelastic seizures to exclude any underlying structural lesion of causal significance.

Child↗