Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Iu A Loshchilov.
The authors present results of hygienic, physiologic and experimental studies and mathematic simulation of biologic effects. Experimental studies (by functional state of CNS and immune system, cytologic examination of rats' lens epithelium) on 450 and 900 MHz frequencies prove the intensity of 1,900 MW/cm2 to be hazardous for animals and supraliminal.
Some features were revealed after study of 185 patients with various occupational diseases: chronic lead intoxication, bronchial asthma, and disorders caused by fluor. Considering polyetiology and nonspecificity of gastric diseases, the authors could not determine the changes revealed as caused only by occupational exposure.
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The article deals with analysis of scientific data concerning etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and roentgenologic manifestations, morphologic appearances and other aspects to precise and refine the former idea of pneumoconioses. The authors present the main principles for improved classification of pneumoconioses.
The present national classification of pneumoconioses was adopted 15 years ago. During this time span clinical morphology, a new branch of medical science, was formed and developed. So, the new approaches inspired classic pathologic anatomy and experimental pulmonology to assemble more precise and somehow refined knowledge of pneumoconioses, including the classification. Pneumoconiosis as diffuse pneumonitis can develop 2 main types: interstitial and granulomatous. Both types are characterized by progressive stages of morphogenesis, which are different in various loci of lungs. Those stages are: alveolar lipoproteinosis, serous and desquamative alveolitis, coniotic lymphangitis, coniotic pneumosclerosis. First three of them compose alteration and dystrophic period of the disease, the last one demonstrates pulmonary fibrosis. During the coniotic lymphangitis granulomas could be formed of either macrophages, or epithelioid cells.
The article contains new data concerned with the respiratory pathologic processes caused by industrial aerosols of different compositions, as well as the mechanisms of their functioning and development. Current problems of occupational lung diseases' treatment are considered in this connection.
Medical examinations were performed of 138 pneumoconiosis (PC), 123 dust bronchitis (DB) cases and 28 pulmonary cases of non-occupational etiology. Fiber bronchoscopy with biopsy of bronchial mucosal tissue and, if necessary, transbronchial biopsy were performed in all the cases. Bronchial mucosa tattooing in persons exposed to different industrial aerosols did not depend on the forms of PC, DB and the diseases' stages. Nevertheless, it was established that, at more expressed stages of the disease and in case with complications (anthraco-tuberculosis), tattooing of the bronchial tree was more developed. In 92.3% cases, tattooing was formed in persons exposed to industrial aerosols containing more than 10% free silicon deoxide. On the tissue level, the morphologic substrate of the tattooing was lymphatic nodes obturating the coniophages and the coniotic infiltration of the bronchial mucosa connective tissue. Anthraco-tuberculosis induced specific inflammation contributed to the infiltration process due to the lymphodynamic disorders caused by lymphadenopathy.
The structure, location, and function of fibronectin are reviewed on the basis of the data available in the literature. The contribution of fibronectin to the pathogenesis of granulomatous diseases, including pneumoconioses is shown in the paper. Formation of pulmonary fibrosis++ in pneumoconioses and its involvement of fibronectin are outlined in detail. The ways of further studies of this glycoprotein in occupational pulmonary diseases are also discussed.
Patients with uncomplicated silicosis were found to develop chronic immunodependent inflammation caused by an adjuvant effect of silica and characterized by autoimmune, histamine- and complement-dependent components. Reduced specific and non-specific antimicrobial defence underlies frequent complication of silicosis by tuberculosis and nonspecific infectious diseases of the bronchopulmonary system. A diagram showing the development of immunodependent inflammation in silicosis is presented.
A medical survey of 2000 miners was performed at industrial sites using high-mechanized self-propelled diesel vehicles in the Far North, South and East regions of the country. All the miners were exhibited to quartz containing polymetal ore dusts and diesel exhausts. 128 miners were medically examined to specify the morphological changes in the bronchi and respiratory sections in case of occupational pathology, as well as to establish specific clinical manifestations. In 81 cases, fibro-bronchoscopy was performed and bronchial mucous and transbronchial pulmonary biopsy. Due to the increased concentrations of benzopyrene and other soot absorbed polycyclic hydrocarbons, thoron and radon, the authors tentatively proposed them as risk-factors for occupational malignant bronchopulmonary diseases development.
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Cotton and flux industrial dust causes chronic catarrhal inflammation in the nose mucous membrane which manifests itself clinically as vasomotor rhinitis. Quartz-containing dust entails chronic sclerosing inflammation of the same locality as sub- and atrophic rhinitis. The results of pathohistologic investigations are objectively demonstrated through a chart of morphological traits, thus facilitating the identification of the diagnostical morphological traits caused by different industrial dusts. The research results contribute to further objective data on the occupational genesis of the upper respiratory tract diseases.
The article presents the findings of experimental studies of morphological and biophysical changes in the A1 hearing zone of the cerebral cortex depending on the period of the electrodes implantation in the inner ear. The studies showed that in the process of long implantation in the neurones of the hearing zone one can notice the disorders of water-electrolytic exchanges. There is a definite correlation between structural changes in microsome membranes of A1 zone and morphological data.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.