Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Iu A Medvedev.
There is a method of treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis with using dispersing biomaterial Alloplant and immunological, histomorphological criteria of this estimation.
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Bifurcational failure of the brain arterial circle is a combination of congenital and acquired structural changes in the apical angles of the brain arteries branching. Their combination with hemodynamic changes (stress) produced by various diseases creates aneurysmogenic situation which is probably exclusive property of the circulus arteriosus Willisii. Bifurcational--hemodynamic (so-called congenital) aneurysms are not more than anatomical phenomenon underlying two conditions; aneurysm carriage and aneurysmic disease. Each of them should be distinguished as a separate nosological entity.
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Only a third of the cases who have neurosurgical abnormality has been found to develop irreversible hypothalamus affections caused by tumor growth, hemorrhages, and ischemic infarcts. Microcirculatory abnormalities made up three typical morphological variants, viz. venous congestion, impaired rheological and coagulative properties of blood, and anemia in the vasculature predominantly occur in the other cases. Acute bilateral destruction in the medial segments of the hypothalamus corresponds to its profound functional inhibition. As its morphological substrate, sharp irritation of the hypothalamus (the diencephalic and catabolic syndrome has widespread rheological and coagulative abnormalities in its structures associated with largely reversible dystrophic changes in nerve cells.
The effect of levamisole, prodigiozan and lithium carbonate combinations on antimicrobial activity of blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages was studied on mice. The combinations were used in single doses. An increase in stimulation of phagocytosis with respect to staphylococci was observed after the use of prodigiozan in combination with lithium carbonate. Levamisole and lithium carbonate were antagonistic with respect to macrophagal phagocytosis. No advantage of the combined use of prodigiozan and levamisole to their use alone was shown.
C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, opposite in their sensitivity to dermatophytic infections, show similar activity of phagocytes as regards their capacity for the destruction of injected conidia of dermatophytes, but differ in the changes of this activity after immunization with dermatophytic antigenic complexes (DAC). Shortly after the injection of the antigens, the lymphocyte-mediated suppression of the fungicidal activity of macrophages, caused by the interaction of DAC with intact T-lymphocytes, was detected in the animals of both strains. Later in C57BL/6 mice resistant to mycosis the formation of cell-mediated immunity to DAC occurs, with the simultaneous production of factor stimulating the fungicidal activity of macrophages. In BALB/c mice sensitive to mycosis the injection of DAC induces active antibody production, but not the formation of delayed hypersensitivity with the resulting stimulation of the fungicidal activity of phagocytes. The injection of DAC into mice of the above-mentioned strains induces changes, peculiar to each strain, in the mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells and in the character of immune response to sheep red blood cells. Differences in the influence of DAC on the induction of immune response in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice are realized by cells belonging to the population of T-lymphocytes.
Using section material to quantify water (by tissue drying) and electrolytes (with flame photometer) the authors have designed techniques for diagnosis of water-electrolyte metabolism derangement. Normal values of water, sodium and potassium concentrations for various tissues and organs of man are presented.
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The capacity of antigenic complexes of the causative agent of zoo- and anthroponotic trichophytosis for inducing the factors, that modify the functional activity of macrophages, in mice and in spleen cell cultures has been studied. These complexes are capable of inducing the T-lymphocyte-mediated suppression and of stimulating the fungicidal activity (and oxygen-dependent metabolism) of phagocytes. The production of fungicidal activity suppressing lymphokines is linked with the presence of alkali-insoluble components of fungal cell walls and cytoplasmic antigens (the latter appear only in interactions of antigens with the lymphocytes of immunized animals) in the above-mentioned complexes.
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Extracorporal perfusion of the porcine xenospleen was used by the authors in 5 patients with purulent surgical diseases complicated by a septic reaction. Recovery was noted in 2 patients. In one of the patients the extracorporal perfusion of the xenospleen was used in a systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by vasculitic destruction of soft tissues with septic reaction. The effect was positive. The extracorporal perfusion of the porcine xenospleen is considered by the authors to be an effective method of detoxication of organism of patients with septic complications.
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Neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages of mice treated with prodigiozan and propranolol were studied for their capacity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium and absorption and inactivation of the cells of staphylococci and dermatophytes. It was shown that prodigiozan stimulated bactericidal activity of phagocytes, amplified macrophage fungicidity, and decreased neutrophil fungicidity in respect to the dermatophytes. Propranolol increased the prodigiozan capacity for stimulation of the oxygen-dependent metabolism of phagocytes and absorption and inactivation of staphylococci. However, it inhibited inactivation of dermatophytes by phagocytes.
Surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms had a significant influence on the pattern of the course, manifestations, and outcomes of the disease. Variants of complications of surgical interventions occurring in operations made early and late after rupture of the aneurysms in open and intravascular accesses are analysed, as well as morphological aspects of the cerebral vasospasm. A previously unknown mechanism of growth and shape formation of aneurysms associated with separation of the intima of the carrying vessel is described. The current concepts on the mechanisms of aneurysm rupture are analysed. The importance of exfoliating hematomas which in some cases precede the rupture is emphasized. The capacity of aneurysm wall for regeneration is limited. Healing of the rupture occurs predominantly at the expense of hematoma organization around the aneurysm sac. The "defective" regeneration is the cause of frequent recurrent ruptures and limit the use of aneurysm ballooning in the acute period of their rupture.
The methods of radioactive detection and external radiometry were used to study the distribution of blood in cats and rats during 24 hours after heart arrest. Labeled albumins (131I) and erythrocytes (51Cr) were used as blood indicators. The animals after death were stored in a horizontal or, in some tests, in vertical position at room temperature. The activity was measured in the horizontal and sagittal planes in strictly defined sites (30 altogether) or by scanning of the entire body within 3-5 min after circulation arrest as well as at 5 and 24 hours. No significant changes in distribution of plasma and erythrocytes during 24 hours postmortem in the horizontal position were shown to occur, while in the vertical position there was an insignificant increase of the blood content in the lower part of the body.