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Biomedical subjects

Iu L Perov

Publications and source records attributed to Iu L Perov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

[Current tasks of institutional pathology departments in training physicians in the system of postgraduate education].

The difficulties in the postgraduate training of pathologists are analyzed and the leading role of the pathology chairs of the institutes for postgraduate medical training is outlined. Measures for retaining and improving the existing system for the training of pathologists are discussed. The importance of the physician's attestation in their qualification categories, and other possibilities in improving the postgraduate pathologist training are considered.

Education, Medical, Continuing

[Pathogenesis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome].

Current literature on the pathogenesis of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is analyzed. A variety of etiologic factors and mechanisms of HUS development is considered. The emphasis is laid on the endotoxinemia, damage of the renal vessel and glomerular mesangium endothelium and other mechanisms.

Endothelium

[Gastroduodenal incretory cells in duodenal ulcer with different levels of gastric secretion].

Immunomorphological PAP method was used in 20 patients with duodenum ulcer and in 10 control individuals to study gastrin (G)-, somatostatin (D)- and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) cells in biopsies of the stomach and duodenum. The gastrin and pepsinogen level in the blood, basal and acid production stimulated by pentagastrin were also studied. All patients are subdivided into two groups by their acid production: those with hypersecretion and those with normal secretion. The group with hypersecretion was not homogeneous: some patients had deficiency of D-cells (sometimes in combination with G-cell hyperplasia) and others had a relative and absolute decrease of the number of CGRP cells in combination with foci of parietal cells in pylorus. These patients showed a tendency to the hypergastrinemia and significant hyperpepsinogenemia I in the blood. Stomach hyperplasia in the duodenum, multiple duodenal ulcers, erosive gastroduodenitis and ulcers in close relatives occurred more frequently in these patients. G- and CGRP cells are found to be similar in the form and localization. It is not excluded that G-cell contains, apart from gastrin 1-17, calcitonin-gene related peptide.

APUD Cells

[Experience using the automated information retrieval system "Biopsy" in the pathology department of a general hospital].

Automatic information retrieval system (AIRS) "Biopsy" has been created on the basis of original programs and personal computer and tested for 3 years in the activity of the pathology department of a big multidisciplinary hospital. AIRS considerably increases the level of the labour organization and facilitates the overall and routine analysis of both biopsy material and the work of a department.

Biopsy

[Chronic renal failure in middle-aged and elderly persons].

The authors analyzed the frequency of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and the level of serum creatinine (200 mumol/l and more) in 10,350 outpatients aged over 60 (I group), 2400 persons of the same age in need of episodic hospitalization (II group), and in 1840 patients who died in hospital (III group). In the 1st group CRI frequency was 0.98%, in the 2nd group--6.9%, in the 3rd group--14.6%. Pyelonephritis (76.1%) and myelonephropathy (7.5%) were among CRI main causes. The authors underlined the multitude of factors causing CRI in middle-aged patients and the prospects of adequate therapy even in terminal states; CRI syndromes were considered for persons of this age group.

Age Factors

[Seventy years of the Great October Socialist Revolution and the development of Soviet pathology].

In reviewing briefly the changes that have taken place during the past decade (1977-86) in the theory and practice of pathology and, in the theory and practice of pathology and, more particularly, in the Pathology Service within the overall Soviet Health care system, it should be noted first of all that this period has been productive with regard to both the practical work of the pathology departments in hospitals and the research activities of scientific institutions. Pathology is gaining importance as a basic biomedical discipline. Considerable successes have been scored in fundamental research not only by the central scientific institutions but also by laboratories for morphologic research and departments of pathology at educational establishments in most of the Union Republics. Many of such laboratories and departments are well equipped and conduct work at a high technological and methodological level in areas of high priority. The number of interdisciplinary research projects has increased. A series of monographs has been published, devoted to various aspects of methodology on medicine, to the relationship between form and function, or to a critique of erroneous theories. Scientific cooperation with pathologists of other Socialist countries has been expanding, as has the participation of Soviet pathologists at international congresses, symposia, and other meetings. An important achievement has been the establishment of a network of pathology departments of hospitals and of pathologic service bureaus. There is little doubt that these bureaus which have so far been set up on a pilot basis, will become an important component of the Pathology Service on which this will rely for research progress and for keeping abreast of technological developments. They are also called upon to promote better services in rural areas. The construction of new buildings for hospital pathology departments has been expanded, but the rate and magnitude of this activity cannot yet be regarded as satisfactory. Over the past decade, pathology laboratories at hospitals have become important diagnostic centers indispensable for accurate diagnosis of many diseases through examination of biopsy specimens, and they are now better equipped than before, although the improvements have been less spectacular than expected. The quality of postmortem and clinicopathologic analysis has improved. A notable event was the session of the Collegium of the USSR Ministry of Health devoted to the Pathology Service development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Armenia

[Dependence of the number of vesicles in vascular smooth muscle cells on the presence of noradrenaline in the extracellular space].

Noradrenaline (NA) effect on the number of vesicles in smooth muscle cells was investigated in small mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), aged 8 or 12 weeks, and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The presence of NA in the incubation medium resulted in an increase in the number of vesicles in SHR of both age groups, but not in WKY. The results are discussed in view of the relationship between the vesicles and Ca transport in smooth muscle cells.

Animals

[Morphology of adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the kidney as affected by spontaneous and ischemic renal hypertension in rats].

The innervation of basic renal structures (vascular glomerular pole with juxtaglomerular apparatus and renal tubules) was experimentally studied in rats at different stages of spontaneous and Goldblatt hypertension. Both fluorescent determination of adrenergic innervation and histochemical identification of cholinergic innervation have shown that they increased in spontaneous and remained unchanged in renal hypertension. The data obtained confirm an important role of intrarenal innervation in the development of kidney "resettings" in spontaneous hypertension.

Adrenergic Fibers

[Morphological evidence of celiac ganglion hyperfunction in spontaneous hypertension in rats].

To elucidate the role of the autonomous nervous system in formation of a specific renal "resetting", typical for arterial hypertension, in 8-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, a study was made of the morphology of the celiac ganglion as one of the main sources of renal innervation. Light and fluorescent microscopy demonstrate the hypertrophy of the neurons and their nuclei, an increase in the whole ganglion volume and the volume density of the SIF cells. This evidence for hyperactivity of the celiac ganglion attests to the involvement of the renal nervous system in the structural and functional reorganization ("resetting") at the early stages of hypertension as well as a manifestation of hyperactivity of the nervous system in this disease.

Animals

[Acute-onset nephritis in middle-aged and elderly patients].

Ten cases of the pronounced acute nephritic syndrome among patients aged 61 to 82 years are analyzed. In 3 cases, which eventuated in lethal outcome, the diagnosis of nephritis was confirmed morphologically. The features of the course, clinical picture and differential diagnosis of acute nephritides in elderly and senile patients are discussed.

Acute Disease

[Dynamics of renin production by the juxtaglomerular and mesangial cells of individual rat kidney glomeruli following adrenalectomy].

Adrenal incompetence developed in rats 6 weeks after adrenalectomy without any salt and hormonal compensation. In individual fragments of the isolated glomeruli containing juxtaglomerular cells (JGC) renin activity increased 1.2 times on the average, and there was revealed renin-like activity (RLA) in the fragments containing mesangial cells (MC). Signs of intensified renin secretion (expressed in reduction of granule count, marked development of granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and microtubules) were noted in the JGC. In MC such organoids were well developed, but no granules were revealed. The following occurred in 8 to 12 weeks with the restoration of the 11-OCS and sodium level in the plasma: renin JGC activity became normal, RLA activity in MC disappeared, and the initial ultrastructure of both of these cells was restored. The reserve role of MC as the source of renin-like substances was confirmed.

Adrenal Glands

[Correlation of wall thickness and the luminal diameter of the arterial vessels of the kidneys in hypertension].

The autopsy material was used to study the ratio of the wall thickness and the lumen diameter in arch and interlobular arteries and arterioles of the kidneys in patients with hypertension and in the control group. A statistical analysis revealed in interlobular arteries and arterioles of the age group of 30-49 years a slight but a significant shift of the parameter under study towards more severe degrees of involvement. This was confirmed by the frequency of different degrees of damage. No significant differences in changes observed in interlobular arteries and arterioles were found. This method is recommended for the study of the structural changes of intrarenal arteries.

Adult