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Biomedical subjects

Iu M Lopukhin

Publications and source records attributed to Iu M Lopukhin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[From transplantation of the thymus to molecular reconstruction of the immune system].

The results of the first global grafting of the thymus and a thymus-sternum block are given. The grafting of immunocompetent organs in children with the Louis-Bar syndrome is shown to cause to a partial and in some cases significant recovery of immunological parameters. Thus, blast-cell transformation showed 10-40% increases, the titers of antibodies to Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli rose, and immunoglobulin A that was generally absent in these children before surgery appeared. The clinical effect of grafting was noticeably observed 20-30 days after surgery. The most significant parameters were as follows: cessation of sinusitis, rhinitis, bronchitis, and purulent skin lesions. Neurological syndromes improved: tremor and staggering gait diminished, ocular convergence normalized. Thereafter such operations were made in 27 patients with Bruton's disease and in 3 patients with lymphogranulomatosis. The grafting of immunocompetent organs led to the design of agents derived from the thyroid gland (Tactivin) and bone marrow (myelopid). The immunobiological and clinical effects of Tactivin in the past 15-20 years are given in detail. The basic principles in immunomodulating therapy with thymic agents are presented.

Activins↗
PubMed1999

[Detection and characteristics of rpoB gene mutations in rifampicin-resistant clinical strains of M. tuberculosis].

The resistance of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin, one of the key agents used in the treatment of tuberculosis is due to point mutations in the rpoB gene encoding for the B-subunit of PNA polymerase. Based on the detection of such mutations, genotypic determinations of rifampicin resistance is a serous alternative to routine microbiological assays that take much more time. Nevertheless, the efficiency of genotypic methods largely depends how completely the resistance-associated mutations are studied and characterized. It is shown that the types and detection rates of certain rpoB mutations can greatly vary in the Mycobacterium strains spread in different geographical regions. By applying the approach based on the direct sequencing of PCR with rpoB gene fragments, the present paper analyzed 48 rifampicin-sensitive and 52 rifampicin-resistant clinical M. tuberculosis strains provided by Moscow tuberculous control facilities. Mutations responsible for rifampicin resistance were detected in 51 (98%) of the 52 resistant strains. The mutations involving codons 531 (46%), 526 (23%), and 516 (23%) of the rpoB gene were proved to be dominant. An unusual double mutation combining the replacement of F by L in codon 514 and previously uncharacterized methionine deletion in the position 515 was detected in the single investigated strain. The efficiency of the employed approach for rapid diagnosis of rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains is discussed.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed1993

[The protective action of sodium hypochlorite on the morphology and transcription of the central neurons in rats with acute nembutal poisoning].

NaClO effect on rat central neuron morphology and transcription after injection of high doses (500 mg/kg b.w.) of nembutal (NB) was studied. Cortical pyramids, Purkinje, basket and granule cells were examined. NaClO (3 mg/kg b.w) was injected 45 min after NB injection, and 45 min later animals were sacrificed. Intact rats and rats injected NB or NaClO alone were controls. NB treatment resulted in toxic-hypoxic injury of cerebral and cerebellar neurons. Transcription in all types of neurons was lower than in control cells. NaClO injected alone had virtually no effect on neuronal morphology while transcription in the middle pyramids and Purkinje cells was activated. NaClO injected after NB normalized morphology and transcription in all neuronal populations under study. In cortical pyramids transcription was even higher than in control group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[The affinity lavage of the abdominal cavity in diffuse peritonitis with liquid sorbents based on cross-linked dextrans].

Experiments were conducted on 35 Wistar rats with generalized purulent peritonitis. Twenty-four hours after infection the authors introduced into the animals' abdominal cavity gels of cross-linked dextrans with immobilized polymixin (50 mg/g dry weight) and terrilithin (100 PE/g dry weight), as well as a combination of these sorbents with 24-hour exposure in a 5 ml volume. The object of the study was the detoxification effect. The authors revealed a phenomenon of agglutination of red cells of an ox or rat sensitized by plasma of sick animals in mixing with sephadex G-200 granules with polymixin W immobilized on them. The agglutination titers determined the activity of the sorbent taking part in lavage of the abdominal cavity. The study showed that cross-linked dextrans with immobilized polymixin B and terrilithin introduced into the abdominal cavity in peritonitis are capable of extracting substrates possessing affinity to them, the polymixin sorbent raises the quality of careful mechanical lavage. Combination of gels based on cross-linked dextrans with enzymatic and affinity functions in relation to toxins leads to detoxification and restoration of the disturbed biochemical values by 87%.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

[Biologically active substances from the skin that influence the proliferation and differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes].

Three fractions of biologically active substances of human skin varying in molecular weight (F1 > 15 kD, F2 1.4-15 kD, F3 < 1.4 kD) were tested in primary and regenerating cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes. F1 and F3 caused stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation, F2 inhibited proliferation and enhanced terminal differentiation of epidermal cells.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1992

[Possibility of selective binding of HIV-1 infected cells by immunosorbents].

A study was made of a possibility of specific sorption of HIV-1 infected cells with gamma-fraction of AIDS patients' serum containing high titer-specific antibodies, immobilized on the silica matrix (C-3). The laboratory tests were made with the use of the monocyte culture [symbol: see text] chronically infected with HIV-1. In addition to a decrease of the cell count after sorption, there was a decline of the activity of antigen material in the samples (to 43% of the initial). The selectivity rates were 0.92 for immunosorbents and 0.29 for sorbents of the control group, that confirms and increase of the delay of the cells expressing HIV-1 proteins on a column with the immobilized gamma-fraction of AIDS patients' serum. The use of the synthesized immunosorbents in vivo may appear debatable. However, this method can be employed for preparative purposes.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Antiatherogenic action of corn oil in experimental atherosclerosis].

Therapeutic effect of corn oil was studied in rabbits with alimentary atherosclerosis. Corn oil was administered (2 ml/kg, 30 days) after the completion of cholesterol diet unlike studies, where they were administered simultaneously. Total cholesterol, apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides decreased more intensively in rabbits fed by corn oil than in control group. No changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed. The most pronounced effect was noted in aorta morphological analysis: an aorta damage degree was 4.8% as compared with 52.9% in the control group. The results show that available plant oils with omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular corn oil, may as well as omega-3 PUFA be used as the base for antiatherogenic preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Content of cholesterol extracted from human skin surface--a possible discriminant of atherosclerosis?].

Basing on the data of Bouissou et al. on an increase of cholesterol content in the skin biopsies in atherosclerosis patients, the cholesterol amount was evaluated after superficial atraumatic rapid treatment of patients palm skin. The optimization of the extraction conditions was performed: the surface skin cholesterol value was constant for individual subjects (variability factor 5%). The range of this value was 1.5-6 Mg/cm2 and it was higher for atherosclerotic patients. No correlations with any conventional plasma lipoprotein parameters were observed. At the same time positive correlation (r = 0.54. p < 0.01) was observed with dyslipoprotein coefficient--(Ch+TG/alpha-Ch). Possible diagnostic significance of this skin cholesterol parameter is discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

[Rabbit liver secretes oxidated lipoproteins in experimental atherosclerosis].

It is shown in rabbits, that alimentary hypercholesterolemia proceeds with increasing lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate, blood serum and apo-B-containing lipoproteins. It is established in the model of liver perfusion in rabbits, that liver cells produce apo-B-containing level of lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation increases in perfusate and in the fraction of lipoproteins (d less than 1,065 g/cm3) from this perfusate. Lipid peroxidation can interfere in the changing of physicochemical characteristics of lipoproteins at the stage of synthesis and secretion of lipoproteins by liver cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Sodium hypochlorite in the treatment of suppurative wounds].

Under observation there were 174 patients with purulent wounds, 54 of them were treated with application of 0.06% solution of sodium hypochlorite, and 20 patients made up a control group and were treated by traditional methods. It was found that the application of the solution of sodium hypochlorite results in sharp elevation of susceptibility of wound microflora to antibiotics and facilitates more rapid debridement of the wounds and makes the treatment at the hospital 3.7 and 2.4 times shorter correspondingly (as compared with the control group).

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

[Immunosorption of individual HIV proteins and virions].

Immunosorbents specifically binding native (gp160, gp120, gp41) and recombinant env proteins and HIV-I virions were synthesized on the basis of Sepharose 4B and Silica with immobilized ligands such as gamma-fraction of rabbit antiserum to HIV-I proteins and purified antibodies to env proteins of HIV-I. The possibility was shown of selective extraction of HIV-I virions and individual HIV proteins both in vitro and in vivo. The titer of virus antigens (in ELISA) after perfusion via an immunosorbent of patterns with a high content of virions and HIV-I proteins was 8 times as low as the starting titer (after perfusion via the control sorbent it was 2-fold decreased). Extracorporeal immunosorption in animals after intravenous injection of recombinant env protein permitted the latter's titer to be 5 times lower. After perfusion via the control sorbent the titer dropped by at least 20% as compared with the starting titer. The possibility of using immunosorption in multimodality therapy of AIDS is under discussion.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Leukocytic index of intoxication and immunologic disorders in diffuse suppurative peritonitis].

Expression of total T- and B-population, T-subpopulation lymphocyte receptors and secretion of IgM, IgG and IgA were measured in 112 patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis and 81 healthy donors. Expression of receptors was correlated with the disease severity identified by leukocytic index of intoxication (LII). The latter appeared to accurately reflect the pattern of immunological impairment. Reduced absolute and proportional values of total pools of T-, B-cells and T-helpers, but elevated ones of T-suppressors and T-amplifiers occurred in LII less than 2.0. In LII greater than 7.0 there was total suppression of all the cellular populations due to deep lymphopenia. At the terminal stage of peritonitis paralysis of T-helper receptors and B-cells went in parallel with high secretion of serum immunoglobulins.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1991

[Protective effect of anti-staphylococcal immunosorbent on the phenotype of lymphocyte membrane in diffuse Staphylococcus-Pseudomonas peritonitis].

An antistaphylococcal and an antitetanic immunosorbents on a silica carrier were tested in diffuse staphylococcal pyocyanic peritonitis to protect receptor expression on the general T and B lymphocyte populations and of Fc-receptors to IgM, IgG and IgA. Plasma of animals with peritonitis was shown to exert a powerful suppressive effect on lymphocyte receptors. Perfusion of toxic plasma over the antistaphylococcal immunosorbents resulted in specific adsorption of microbial toxins and completely prevented Fc gamma-, Fc mu- and Fc alpha-receptor expression on cells. Plasma treated with the antitetanic immunosorbent retained suppressive effects. The low protection of receptors may be explained by nonspecific adsorption of texins.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The immunomodulating properties of staphylotoxin].

The action of native staphylotoxin has been tested on T lymphocytes obtained from 21 healthy human donors. As revealed in this investigation, toxic action affects Fc-receptors to IgG, IgM and IgA. The dose-dependent effect of the preparation suggests its direct contacts with Fc-receptors of lymphocytic membranes. High doses of the toxin suppress the expression of Fc-receptors 6- to 12-fold, low doses of the toxin are capable of stimulating the expression of Fc gamma-receptors.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗