Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Iu V Biriuchkov.
In the experiment 20 dogs were subjected to bilateral kinking of the carotid artery and the effects were assessed angiographically and radiologically as well as changes in the cerebral cortex. It is shown that 30 degree kinking produced more significant ultrastructural changes which in most cases were reversible.
16 dogs were subjected to either ligation or kinking of a single carotid artery and the resultant changes in the cortical hemisphere were studied. Light and electron microscopy findings indicate reversibility of the induced pathological processes both in microcirculation and in neurons proper.
Literature data and individual observations of 5 cases with a rare disease, like tuberculoma of the brain, are presented. From the clinical point of view, the disease in children, aged 4-9 years, proceeds like cerebral tumor. A surgical intervention has revealed a tuberculoma of the cerebellum in 4 and that of the truncus cerebri in 1 patient. The diagnosis of tuberculoma of the brain was confirmed histologically. Clinico-laboratory data and the impact of tuberculostatic therapy in the postoperative period were studied.
A combined clinico-pathological and experimental investigation of the open traumatic brain lesions was performed. Clinical investigation of 266 patients is presented along with pathological findings in 9 autopsied brains of victims of craniocerebral trauma which died at different terms after the injury. Experimentally investigated were 25 cats with brain lesioned at various sites. The comparative characterization of the brain efferent systems' nervous fibers degeneration was presented and the topography of their distribution in the brainstem nuclear loci clarified. The data suggest that the state of brain conduction pathways is an important determinant of the pathogenesis of brainstem-related symptoms of acute brain hemisphere trauma.
A comprehensive clinical (150 patients), pathological (6 autopsied spinal cords) and experimental (17 animals) investigation of the spinal cord posttraumatic affections was conducted. The afferent and efferent spinal nerve fibers degeneration was compared and its spatial distribution assessed. Transsynaptic and immediate connections between spinal structures and cranial nerve nuclei are shown to be the major determinants of the intercentral integration and CNS plasticity.
Results of a pathomorphological, experimental and clinical study designed to ascertain morphological changes associated with impairment of vital visceral functions following spinal cord trauma are presented. Clinical manifestations of such disorders were studied in 127 patients with complicated vertebral fractures. Further investigations involved postmortem examination of the brain of four patients with complete anatomical rupture of the spinal cord at the level of CV, CVI, and LI segments as well as the brain of 18 mature cats with various types of spinal cord resection which were treated by silver impregnation according to Bilshovsky, Naute with the final staining of the nuclear structures according to Kawamura-Niimy. Widespread degenerative changes in the ascending conduction tracts of the spinal cord leading to the structures of the cerebral trunk were revealed. Disruptions of respiratory and cardiovascular activities secondary to complete traumatic rupture of the lower cervical segments of the spinal cord appear to be caused by impaired conduction along the ascending tracts of the spinal cord leading to the nuclei of the reticular formation of the cerebral trunk, mainly those of giant and small cells, nuclei of the vagus nerve (dorsal one and that of the solitary tract), locus coeruleus, mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve and a number of other structures of the cerebral trunk.
The intercortical pathways and the clinical picture of the condition developing after an injury of the parietal lobe of the human brain were studied pathomorphologically (10 cases) and clinically (103 observations). It was shown that in cases of injury of the lower parietal region there developed a degeneration of the nervous fibres in various areas of the cortex of both the ipsi- and the contralateral hemisphere. Certain regularities of the distribution of the degenerated nervous fibres among the cortex areas were revealed, and their topics in various parts of a groove shown. The changes in the nervous conductors that maintain the intercortical connections reflect a structural reconstitution of the nervous elements and point to development of the pathological process that leads to functional disturbances and appearance of cortical symptoms which arise in craniocerebral injury and are characteristic for not only the lower parietal, but also for other divisions of the brain.
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A wide incision of the dura mater of the spinal cord helps to inspect the subdural space in detail. If there is a defect in the dura mater, or if it is impossible to suture it due to edema and swelling of the spinal cord, it is rational to resort to plastic replacement with a band of capron mesh which resolves completely by the end of the third year after the surgical intervention.
The brain of 5 individuals with an open craniocerebral trauma was examined with an electron microscope. Changes in interneuron structures were found. Occasional synaptic vesicles grow in size and move away from the presynaptic membrane. The number of synaptic vesicles decreases and they gather in groups (agglutination). The presynaptic membrane thickens and the synaptic cleft is closed with an electron-dense substance. The mitochondria are damaged. Glycogen granules and lysosomes appear as signs of synapse degeneration.
Changes in the cardiovascular system in 83 patients with spinal cord affections were studied before operation and during the anesthesia period. Disorders in the cardiovascular system up to cardiac arrest occur during operation in patients who have been, bed-ridden for more than 3--4 weeks. The authors suggest that training on a table-bed should be included into the complex of preoperative preparation of the patients; this prevents different coarse disorders and cardiac arrest during operation.